Requirement engineering (RE) involves defining system requirements during the development process. It deals specifically with the definition phase, where system services and constraints are established. RE is important because 40-60% of software project defects are related to shortcomings in requirements gathering and documentation. An inadequate requirements process can lead to unacceptable products that do not meet user needs, project overruns due to requirement changes, and missing key requirements.
Objectives:
1. To understand the different processes in the realm of ‘Requirements Engineering’.
2. To see the challenges in requirements development and the importance of getting requirements right in an IT project.
3. To understand the different techniques used in different phases and processes of requirements development and management.
Software development process models
Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model
Evolutionary Process Models
Spiral Model
THE FORMAL METHODS MODEL
Specialized Process Models
The Concurrent Development Model
Objectives:
1. To understand the different processes in the realm of ‘Requirements Engineering’.
2. To see the challenges in requirements development and the importance of getting requirements right in an IT project.
3. To understand the different techniques used in different phases and processes of requirements development and management.
Software development process models
Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model
Evolutionary Process Models
Spiral Model
THE FORMAL METHODS MODEL
Specialized Process Models
The Concurrent Development Model
These PPT presentation help to understand waterfall model in SDLC. The Waterfall model is the earliest SDLC approach that was used for software development. There are five steps in the waterfall model.
This lecture provide a review of requirement engineering process. The slides have been prepared after reading Ian Summerville and Roger Pressman work. This lecture is helpful to understand user, and user requirements.
presentation contains the most important part of the software development engineering which is Requirement Analysis and Specification.
Take a look may be it is helpfull for you.
Thank you
The waterfall model is a sequential (non-iterative) design process, used in software development processes, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, production/implementation and maintenance.
In systems engineering and software engineering, requirements analysis encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or altered product or project, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, analyzing, documenting, validating and managing software or system requirements.
These PPT presentation help to understand waterfall model in SDLC. The Waterfall model is the earliest SDLC approach that was used for software development. There are five steps in the waterfall model.
This lecture provide a review of requirement engineering process. The slides have been prepared after reading Ian Summerville and Roger Pressman work. This lecture is helpful to understand user, and user requirements.
presentation contains the most important part of the software development engineering which is Requirement Analysis and Specification.
Take a look may be it is helpfull for you.
Thank you
The waterfall model is a sequential (non-iterative) design process, used in software development processes, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, production/implementation and maintenance.
In systems engineering and software engineering, requirements analysis encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or altered product or project, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, analyzing, documenting, validating and managing software or system requirements.
This is about software engineering.Software engineers apply engineering principles and knowledge of programming languages to build software solutions for end users. Software engineers design and develop computer games, business applications, operating systems, network control systems, and middleware—to name just a few of the many career paths available.
https://www.learntek.org/blog/sdlc-phases/
https://www.learntek.org/
Learntek is global online training provider on Big Data Analytics, Hadoop, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, IOT, AI, Cloud Technology, DEVOPS, Digital Marketing and other IT and Management courses.
https://www.learntek.org/blog/sdlc-phases/
https://www.learntek.org/
Learntek is global online training provider on Big Data Analytics, Hadoop, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, IOT, AI, Cloud Technology, DEVOPS, Digital Marketing and other IT and Management courses.
This Slide is generated with 11 Pages, to present a short presentation in class on conductor and its types with time lapse is given to every slide to automatically next slide as you present one by one.
time is flexible and need to practice once.
Thank you.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. 1
Requirement Engineering (RE)
Four phases of software development
• Vision: Why do we want to have this system?
• Definition: Focus shifts from why to what need
to be built in order to full fill previously outlined
version
• Development: Definition is converted in to
design and implementation
• Maintenance: All the changes and enhancements
are accommodated to keep the system running.
2. 2
Requirement Engineering (RE)
• Requirement Engineering mainly deals with the
definition phase.
• RE is a process in which system services and
constraints are established.
• So it is a starting point of the development
process with the focus of activity on what and
not how.
Definition: Jones define RE as “RE is a statement
of needs by a user that triggers the development
of a program or a system”
3. 3
Requirement Engineering (RE)
Alan Davis define RE as “A user need or
necessary feature, function or attribute of a
system that can be sensed from a position
external to that system”
Ian Summerville definition “Specifications of what
should be implemented”
IEEE definition
1. A condition or capability needed by user to
solve a problem to achieve an objective
4. 4
Requirement Engineering (RE)
2. A condition or capability that must be met or
possessed by a system or system components
to satisfy a contract, standard, specification, or
other formally imposed document.
3. A documented representation of a condition or
capability as in 1 and 2.
5. 5
Importance of Requirements
• Majority of problems in software (SW) development
are due to shortcomings in requirement gathering and
documentation process
• It analogous to building a house. Before a house is
built it is planed on a paper and its map is drawn
called as blue print. The need for a planned building
increases as size of the building increases.
• Similar is the case with SW development. The flaws
in requirement gathering has been studied in great
detail and 40-60% of problems in software
development are found related to requirement
gathering.
6. 6
Importance of Requirements
• Most problems in SW development are due to
shortcomings in requirement gathering and
documentation
• 40-60% defects found in software project are related
to short comings in RE
• Fred Brook in his classical book on SE and Project
management “Mythical Man Month” said “The
hardest single part of building a software system is
deciding what to build. No other conceptual part is as
difficult as establishing detailed technical
requirements including all the interfaces to people, to
machines and to other software systems. No other part
so cripples the system if done wrong. No other part is
difficult to rectify later.” Analogy to house
7. 7
Importance of Requirements
• The following graph shows the relative cost of fixing problems
at various stages of software development
8. 8
Role of Requirements
• Requirement document play central role in
entire software development
• RE is needed in the project planning and
feasibility phase.
• In feasibility phase, a good understanding of
the requirements is needed to determine the
time and resources required to build the
software.
• As a result of this analysis, the scope of the
system may be reduced before going upon the
software development
9. 9
Role of Requirements
• Requirement document also serves as the base
reference document for construction activities which
follow after feasibility phase
• Other activities such as user documentation and
testing of the system would also need this document
for their own deliverables.
• The project manager would need this document to
monitor and track the progress of the project and if
needed, change the project scope by modifying this
document through the change control process.
• The following diagram depicts this central role of the
software requirement document in the entire
development process.
11. 11
Risks from Inadequate Requirement Process
1. Insufficient user involvement leads to unacceptable
products: If input from different types of user is not
taken, the output is bound to lack in key functional
areas, resulting in an unacceptable product.
Overlooking the needs of certain user classes (stake
holders) leads to dissatisfaction of customers.
2. Slow movement (creep) toward user requirements
contribute to overruns and degrade product quality.
Requirement creep is one of the most significant
factors in budget and time overruns. It basically means
identifying and adding new requirements to the list at
some advanced stages of the software development
process. The following figure shows the relative cost
of adding requirements at different stages.
13. 13
Risks from Inadequate Requirement Process
3. Ambiguous requirements lead to ill-spent time and rework.
Let us consider the following requirement statement:
“The operator identity consists of the operator name and
password; the password consists of six digits. It should be
displayed on the security VDU and deposited in the login
file when an operator logs into the system.”
This is an example of ambiguous requirement as it is not
clear what is meant by “it” in the second sentence and
what should be displayed on the VDU. Does it refer to the
operator identity as a whole, his name, or his password?
14. 14
Risks from Inadequate Requirement Process
4. Gold-plating by developers and users adds unnecessary
features: Gold-plating refers to features that are not present in the
original requirement document and in fact are not important for
the end-user but the developer adds them anyway thinking that
they would add value to the product. Since these features are
outside the initial scope of the product, adding them will result in
schedule and budget overruns
5. Minimal specifications lead to missing key requirements
and hence result in an unacceptable product
Example: The requirement stated as: “We need a flow control and
source control engineering tool.” Based upon this requirement,
system was built. It worked perfectly and had all the functionality.
The system however could not be used because there was no print
functionality.”
6. Incompletely defined requirements make accurate project planning
and tracking impossible.
15. 15
Summary
Today’s discussed Topics:
1. Four phases of RE
2. RE phase was defined
3. Looked on the importance of RE
4. Role of RE
5. Risks from inadequate Requirement Process