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Requirements Engineering - Artifact-oriented requirements engineering

The document discusses requirements engineering and artifact models, focusing on the definition and importance of artifacts and their models in the development process. It outlines the structure, content, and dependencies of various artifacts, providing a detailed requirements specification for a travel ordering system. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for clarity in definitions and the role of various components in an artifact-based software process.

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Requirements Engineering: Artifact Models (AMDiRE) CECS 542 Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 1 Photo credit: Anders Jilden, Unsplash
What exactly is an Ar>fact? 2
What is an Ar>fact/Ar>fact Model? •  Ar#fact: –  Documents (intermediate) results of development process steps –  Has structure, contents, and a representa>on –  Has means as an out- and input, subject to version control –  Examples: documents, data objects, and models •  Ar#fact model: All artefacts that are relevant throughout the development process plus their dependencies •  Careful: –  In literature there exists a plethora of defini>ons and terms that are used synonymously (Artefact contents are represented in the form of: meta models, ontologies, product models, ...) –  Artefact models can be structured and represented differently! 3
Frameworks: Ar>fact model (views) Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 4 MetaModelREReferenceModel Structure Content Project-specific Exemplars instanceofinstanceof ! PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20 Content 1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6! 1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7! 1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8! 2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8! 2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8! 2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8! 2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8! 2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10! 2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10! 2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10! 3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11! 3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11! 3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11! 3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12! 3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12! 3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14! 3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16! 3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16! 3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17! 3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17! 4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18! 4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18! 4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18! 5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19! 5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19! 5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19! 5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19! 6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20! 7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20! Travel Ordering System Requirements Specification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension illustrative MetaModelREReferenceModel Structure Content Project-specific Exemplars instanceofinstanceof ! PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20 Content 1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6! 1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7! 1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8! 2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8! 2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8! 2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8! 2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8! 2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10! 2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10! 2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10! 3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11! 3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11! 3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11! 3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12! 3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12! 3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14! 3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16! 3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16! 3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17! 3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17! 4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18! 4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18! 4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18! 5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19! 5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19! 5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19! 5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19! 6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20! 7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20! Travel Ordering System Requirements Specification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension illustrative MetaModelREReferenceModel Structure Content Project-specific Exemplars instanceofinstanceof ! PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20 Content 1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6! 1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7! 1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8! 2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8! 2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8! 2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8! 2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8! 2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10! 2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10! 2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10! 3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11! 3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11! 3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11! 3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12! 3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12! 3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14! 3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16! 3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16! 3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17! 3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17! 4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18! 4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18! 4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18! 5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19! 5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19! 5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19! 5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19! 6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20! 7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20! Travel Ordering System Requirements Specification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension illustrative Content Structure Representa#on Artifacts (Materialisation) §  Packets / Document hierarchies §  Diagrams / Models §  Natural language text §  … §  Documents §  Data models §  Concept 
 models §  Ontologies §  Checklists §  …
Example for Structure and Content Model 5 ! Travel Ordering System Requirements Specification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension ! Travel Ordering System Requirements Specification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension Content ModelStructure Model Referencemodel (M1) Projectinstance (M0) * Mendez, Kuhrmann: Artefact-based RE and its Integration into 
 a Process Framework, Technical Report, 2009
Structure and content allow for flexibility and precision 6 §  Packets / Document hierarchy §  “Content Items” structure content §  Modeling 
 concepts §  Ontologies §  Checklists §  … Structure Model •  Outline •  Dependencies •  Basis for adapta>on Content Model §  Required type of informa>on §  Modeling concepts / contents à  Conscious handling of content and depedencies Structure Content
Background: 10 years of research coopera>ons Dissemination Artefact-based Software Process Models Artefact-based Requirements Engineering V-Modell XT Organisation-specific adaptations 2004 RE Reference Model (REM) 2006 REMsES for embedded systems BISA for business inf. systems Generalisation & Synthesis 2009 Generic RE Content Model for teaching 2011 Process Integration Empirical Studies Siemens case study 2010 Capgemini TS pilot studies 2012 Capgemini TS company standard Meta model for artefact orientation ARAMiS RE model Cassidian & BMW case study AMDIRE Harmonisation Lufthansa case study Wacker Chemie RE reference model Daimler Powertrain reference model 2012 2013 RE field study Consolidation
Use general process model Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 8 Process Task Next Process A This has an associated...Note or suggestion Process model Ac>vi>es/ Methods Ar>facts Tools Roles Milestones
Component Model Behaviour Model Usage Model Business Processes Functional Hierarchy Component 1 Port 1 SM1. 2 SM1. 4 SM1. 3 Context Requirements System F1 ... ... ...... ... Modes Modes Modes ... ... ... User System States Component ... External SystemsStake holder Use abstrac>on layers •  Structuring of contents using System Model: views onto system – Context – Interface – Behavior – Components 9
Use roles and milestones Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 10 Requirements Layer Role Model System Layer Process Model Project Scope defined System Specification accepted Business Analyst Context Layer Requirements Engineer System Architect Architecture Overview defined Requirements Specification accepted System Vision defined Context Specification accepted
AMDiRE Overview 11 Artefact-based RE Approach for Business Information Systems (Basic Components) Structure Model Content Model Role Model Process Model/Milestones Artefact Abstraction Model Tool SupportCustomisation Approach MetaModelREReferenceModel Structure Content Project-specific Exemplars instanceofinstanceof ! PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20 Content 1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6! 1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7! 1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8! 2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8! 2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8! 2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8! 2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8! 2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10! 2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10! 2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10! 3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11! 3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11! 3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11! 3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12! 3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12! 3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14! 3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16! 3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16! 3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17! 3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17! 4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18! 4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18! 4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18! 5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19! 5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19! 5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19! 5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19! 6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20! 7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20! Travel Ordering System Requirements Specification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension illustrative MetaModelREReferenceModel Structure Content Project-specific Exemplars instanceofinstanceof ! PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20 Content 1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6! 1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7! 1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8! 2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8! 2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8! 2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8! 2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8! 2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10! 2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10! 2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10! 3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11! 3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11! 3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11! 3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12! 3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12! 3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14! 3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16! 3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16! 3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17! 3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17! 4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18! 4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18! 4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18! 5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19! 5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19! 5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19! 5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19! 6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20! 7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20! Travel Ordering System Requirements Specification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension illustrative MetaModelREReferenceModel Structure Content Project-specific Exemplars instanceofinstanceof ! PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20 Content 1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6! 1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7! 1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8! 2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8! 2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8! 2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8! 2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8! 2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10! 2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10! 2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10! 3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11! 3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11! 3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11! 3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12! 3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12! 3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14! 3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16! 3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16! 3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17! 3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17! 4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18! 4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18! 4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18! 5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19! 5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19! 5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19! 5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19! 6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20! 7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20! Travel Ordering System Requirements Specification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension illustrative Organisational Level Process Integration Project Level Static Tailoring Dynamic Tailoring ... Project Scope defined System Specification accepted ... Business Analyst ... Requirements Engineer Project Scope Domain Model Context Layer System Vision Architecture Overview ... Usage Model ... Function Model ... Requirements Layer System Layer Artefact Model
AMDiRE Ar>fact model •  3 Artefacts –  Context Specifica>on –  Requirements Specifica>on –  System Specifica>on •  Content Model contains: –  Problem space and solu>on space as well as interdependencies •  Problem space: Context and Requirements Specifica>on •  Solu>on space: System Specifica>on –  Domain specific as well as domain independent content 12
Frameworks: AMDiRE Ar>fact Model Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 13 •  Content model •  With concepts •  Plus structure •  Abstrac>on layers •  Common system model behind Context Layer System Layer Requirements Layer Stakeholder Model Objectives & Goals Constraints & Rules ! ! ! ! ! Data Model E A A A E System Vision Functional Hierarchy Architecture Overview System Function Model Fun 1 Fun 2 Component Model C C Data Model E A A A E Behaviour Model Business Case Deployment Requirements System Constraints Domain Model Service ModelUsage Model Quality Requirements Risk List Project Scope Process Requirements Glossary Glossary Glossary
Frameworks: AMDiRE Ar>fact Model – Context Layer Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 14 Context Layer Requirements Layer Stakeholder Model Objectives & Goals Constraints & Rules ! ! ! ! ! System Vision Business Case Domain Model Project Scope Glossary
Frameworks: AMDiRE Ar>fact Model – Requirements Layer Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 15 System Layer Requirements Layer Stakeholder Model Objectives & Goals Data Model E A A A E System Vision Functional Hierarchy Architecture Overview Function Model Fun 1 Data Model EA A Deployment Requirements System Constraints Domain Model Service ModelUsage Model Quality Requirements Risk List Process Requirements Glossary Glossary
Frameworks: AMDiRE Ar>fact Model – System Layer Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 16 System Layer Data Model E A A A E Functional Hierarchy Architecture Overview System Function Model Fun 1 Fun 2 Component Model C C Data Model E A A A E Behaviour Model System Constraints Quality Requirements Risk List Glossary Glossary
AMDiRE Ar>fact Model – in real life Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 17 Specifica#ons in text and various types of diagrams
Frameworks: AMDiRE Artefact Model – in real life Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 18 CSULB spring 2015 Specifica>ons in text and various types of diagrams
Discussion •  How can we put that into prac>ce? •  We have the ar>fact model. What else do we need to give it to a team of requirements engineers and let them use it? Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 19
AMDiRE addi>onal resources Please check out the online resources: •  Cheat sheet •  Tool extension (UML Magic Draw plugin) •  Example case study (ATM) •  Journal ar>cle hfp://www4.in.tum.de/~mendezfe/openspace.shtml Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 20
The Case Study – your project Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 21 You will make a reduced version of the AMDiRE model for your class project. •  System Vision •  Stakeholder Model •  Goal Model •  Usage Model •  Quality Requirements
Summary for project planning Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 22

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Requirements Engineering - Artifact-oriented requirements engineering

  • 1.
    Requirements Engineering: Artifact Models(AMDiRE) CECS 542 Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 1 Photo credit: Anders Jilden, Unsplash
  • 2.
  • 3.
    What is an Ar>fact/Ar>fact Model? •  Ar#fact: –  Documents (intermediate) results of development process steps – Has structure, contents, and a representa>on –  Has means as an out- and input, subject to version control –  Examples: documents, data objects, and models •  Ar#fact model: All artefacts that are relevant throughout the development process plus their dependencies •  Careful: –  In literature there exists a plethora of defini>ons and terms that are used synonymously (Artefact contents are represented in the form of: meta models, ontologies, product models, ...) –  Artefact models can be structured and represented differently! 3
  • 4.
    Frameworks: Ar>fact model (views) Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 4 MetaModelREReferenceModel Structure Content Project-specific Exemplars instanceofinstanceof ! PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG- PRODUKT.NAME Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20 Content 1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6! 1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7! 1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8! 2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8! 2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8! 2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8! 2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8! 2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10! 2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10! 2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10! 3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11! 3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11! 3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11! 3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12! 3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12! 3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14! 3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16! 3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16! 3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17! 3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17! 4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18! 4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18! 4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18! 5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19! 5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19! 5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19! 5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19! 6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20! 7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20! Travel Ordering System Requirements Specification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension illustrative MetaModelREReferenceModel Structure Content Project-specific Exemplars instanceofinstanceof ! PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20 Content 1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6! 1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7! 1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8! 2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8! 2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8! 2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8! 2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8! 2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10! 2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10! 2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10! 3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11! 3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11! 3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11! 3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12! 3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12! 3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14! 3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16! 3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16! 3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17! 3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17! 4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18! 4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18! 4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18! 5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19! 5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19! 5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19! 5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19! 6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20! 7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20! Travel Ordering System Requirements Specification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension illustrative MetaModelREReferenceModel Structure Content Project-specific Exemplars instanceofinstanceof ! PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20 Content 1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6! 1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7! 1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8! 2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8! 2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8! 2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8! 2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8! 2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10! 2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10! 2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10! 3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11! 3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11! 3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11! 3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12! 3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12! 3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14! 3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16! 3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16! 3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17! 3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17! 4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18! 4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18! 4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18! 5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19! 5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19! 5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19! 5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19! 6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20! 7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20! Travel Ordering System Requirements Specification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension illustrative Content Structure Representa#on Artifacts (Materialisation) §  Packets / Document hierarchies §  Diagrams / Models §  Natural language text §  … §  Documents §  Data models §  Concept 
 models §  Ontologies §  Checklists §  …
  • 5.
    Example for Structure and Content Model 5 ! Travel Ordering System RequirementsSpecification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension ! Travel Ordering System Requirements Specification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension Content ModelStructure Model Referencemodel (M1) Projectinstance (M0) * Mendez, Kuhrmann: Artefact-based RE and its Integration into 
 a Process Framework, Technical Report, 2009
  • 6.
    Structure and content allow for flexibility and precision 6 §  Packets /Document hierarchy §  “Content Items” structure content §  Modeling 
 concepts §  Ontologies §  Checklists §  … Structure Model •  Outline •  Dependencies •  Basis for adapta>on Content Model §  Required type of informa>on §  Modeling concepts / contents à  Conscious handling of content and depedencies Structure Content
  • 7.
    Background: 10 years of research coopera>ons Dissemination Artefact-based Software ProcessModels Artefact-based Requirements Engineering V-Modell XT Organisation-specific adaptations 2004 RE Reference Model (REM) 2006 REMsES for embedded systems BISA for business inf. systems Generalisation & Synthesis 2009 Generic RE Content Model for teaching 2011 Process Integration Empirical Studies Siemens case study 2010 Capgemini TS pilot studies 2012 Capgemini TS company standard Meta model for artefact orientation ARAMiS RE model Cassidian & BMW case study AMDIRE Harmonisation Lufthansa case study Wacker Chemie RE reference model Daimler Powertrain reference model 2012 2013 RE field study Consolidation
  • 8.
    Use general process model Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 8 Process Task NextProcess A This has an associated...Note or suggestion Process model Ac>vi>es/ Methods Ar>facts Tools Roles Milestones
  • 9.
    Component Model Behaviour Model Usage Model BusinessProcesses Functional Hierarchy Component 1 Port 1 SM1. 2 SM1. 4 SM1. 3 Context Requirements System F1 ... ... ...... ... Modes Modes Modes ... ... ... User System States Component ... External SystemsStake holder Use abstrac>on layers •  Structuring of contents using System Model: views onto system – Context – Interface – Behavior – Components 9
  • 10.
    Use roles and milestones Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 10 Requirements Layer Role Model System Layer ProcessModel Project Scope defined System Specification accepted Business Analyst Context Layer Requirements Engineer System Architect Architecture Overview defined Requirements Specification accepted System Vision defined Context Specification accepted
  • 11.
    AMDiRE Overview 11 Artefact-based RE Approachfor Business Information Systems (Basic Components) Structure Model Content Model Role Model Process Model/Milestones Artefact Abstraction Model Tool SupportCustomisation Approach MetaModelREReferenceModel Structure Content Project-specific Exemplars instanceofinstanceof ! PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20 Content 1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6! 1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7! 1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8! 2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8! 2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8! 2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8! 2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8! 2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10! 2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10! 2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10! 3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11! 3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11! 3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11! 3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12! 3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12! 3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14! 3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16! 3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16! 3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17! 3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17! 4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18! 4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18! 4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18! 5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19! 5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19! 5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19! 5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19! 6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20! 7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20! Travel Ordering System Requirements Specification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension illustrative MetaModelREReferenceModel Structure Content Project-specific Exemplars instanceofinstanceof ! PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20 Content 1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6! 1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7! 1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8! 2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8! 2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8! 2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8! 2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8! 2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10! 2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10! 2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10! 3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11! 3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11! 3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11! 3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12! 3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12! 3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14! 3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16! 3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16! 3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17! 3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17! 4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18! 4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18! 4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18! 5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19! 5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19! 5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19! 5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19! 6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20! 7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20! Travel Ordering System Requirements Specification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension illustrative MetaModelREReferenceModel Structure Content Project-specific Exemplars instanceofinstanceof ! PRODUKT.PROJEKTBEZEICHNUNG - PRODUKT.NAME Zuletzt geändert: 27.10.2010 13:28 3/20 Content 1! Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.1! Overview....................................................................................................................... 6! 1.2! Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 6! 1.3! References..................................................................................................................... 7! 1.4! Scope............................................................................................................................. 8! 2! System Vision ...................................................................................................................... 8! 2.1! Summary of Business Specification.............................................................................. 8! 2.2! Scope of Information System under Consideration ...................................................... 8! 2.2.1! System Overview ................................................................................................... 8! 2.2.2! External Systems.................................................................................................. 10! 2.2.3! Use Case Overview.............................................................................................. 10! 2.2.4! Information System Service Overview ................................................................ 10! 3! Information System Requirements..................................................................................... 11! 3.1! Actors .......................................................................................................................... 11! 3.2! Generic Scenarios........................................................................................................ 11! 3.3! Domain-specific Application Capabilities .................................................................. 12! 3.3.1! <<Business Domain>> <Name>.......................................................................... 12! 3.4! Information System Objects........................................................................................ 14! 3.5! System Quality Requirements..................................................................................... 16! 3.6! Architectural Constraints............................................................................................. 16! 3.6.1! Logical Restrictions.............................................................................................. 17! 3.6.2! Technical Restrictions.......................................................................................... 17! 4! Integrational Requirements ................................................................................................ 18! 4.1! Deployment Requirements.......................................................................................... 18! 4.2! Migration Requirements.............................................................................................. 18! 5! Organisational Requirements............................................................................................. 19! 5.1! Project Requirements .................................................................................................. 19! 5.2! Obligations .................................................................................................................. 19! 5.3! Glossary....................................................................................................................... 19! 6! Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 20! 7! References.......................................................................................................................... 20! Travel Ordering System Requirements Specification Version: 0.1 Project Name <Name> Project Lead <Name> Responsible <Name> Created on <Date> Last changed X In process Submitted State Completed Document File V-Modell XT Version VMRELEASE 1.3with BISA Extension illustrative Organisational Level Process Integration Project Level Static Tailoring Dynamic Tailoring ... Project Scope defined System Specification accepted ... Business Analyst ... Requirements Engineer Project Scope Domain Model Context Layer System Vision Architecture Overview ... Usage Model ... Function Model ... Requirements Layer System Layer Artefact Model
  • 12.
    AMDiRE Ar>fact model •  3 Artefacts –  Context Specifica>on – Requirements Specifica>on –  System Specifica>on •  Content Model contains: –  Problem space and solu>on space as well as interdependencies •  Problem space: Context and Requirements Specifica>on •  Solu>on space: System Specifica>on –  Domain specific as well as domain independent content 12
  • 13.
    Frameworks: AMDiRE Ar>fact Model Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 13 •  Content model • With concepts •  Plus structure •  Abstrac>on layers •  Common system model behind Context Layer System Layer Requirements Layer Stakeholder Model Objectives & Goals Constraints & Rules ! ! ! ! ! Data Model E A A A E System Vision Functional Hierarchy Architecture Overview System Function Model Fun 1 Fun 2 Component Model C C Data Model E A A A E Behaviour Model Business Case Deployment Requirements System Constraints Domain Model Service ModelUsage Model Quality Requirements Risk List Project Scope Process Requirements Glossary Glossary Glossary
  • 14.
    Frameworks: AMDiRE Ar>fact Model – Context Layer Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 14 Context Layer RequirementsLayer Stakeholder Model Objectives & Goals Constraints & Rules ! ! ! ! ! System Vision Business Case Domain Model Project Scope Glossary
  • 15.
    Frameworks: AMDiRE Ar>fact Model – Requirements Layer Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 15 System Layer RequirementsLayer Stakeholder Model Objectives & Goals Data Model E A A A E System Vision Functional Hierarchy Architecture Overview Function Model Fun 1 Data Model EA A Deployment Requirements System Constraints Domain Model Service ModelUsage Model Quality Requirements Risk List Process Requirements Glossary Glossary
  • 16.
    Frameworks: AMDiRE Ar>fact Model – System Layer Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 16 System Layer DataModel E A A A E Functional Hierarchy Architecture Overview System Function Model Fun 1 Fun 2 Component Model C C Data Model E A A A E Behaviour Model System Constraints Quality Requirements Risk List Glossary Glossary
  • 17.
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  • 20.
    AMDiRE addi>onal resources Please check out the online resources: •  Cheat sheet •  Tool extension (UML Magic Draw plugin) • Example case study (ATM) •  Journal ar>cle hfp://www4.in.tum.de/~mendezfe/openspace.shtml Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler 20
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  • 22.