The main objective of this presentation was to focus and describe the Evolutionary Software Process Model in easy terminologies. ESPM is a model, used by Software companies for the completion of their products.
Learn how and what is Spiral Model. This was made during 3RD Year. From Eastern Visayas State University - Main Campus, Tacloban City, Leyte, Philippines
CREATED BY:
Aguilar, Fatima Joy
Arpon, Benedict Julius Steven
Software development process models
Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model
Evolutionary Process Models
Spiral Model
THE FORMAL METHODS MODEL
Specialized Process Models
The Concurrent Development Model
S.D.L.C (Software Development Life Cycle.)Jayesh Buwa
The document discusses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which provides an overall framework for managing the software development process. There are two main approaches to the SDLC - predictive and adaptive. All projects use some variation of the SDLC, which typically includes phases like requirements definition, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Common SDLC models discussed include waterfall, incremental, spiral, and agile methods. The strengths and weaknesses of different models are compared.
The iterative model breaks a project into small modules that can be delivered incrementally. A working version is produced in the first module, with each subsequent release adding additional functionality until the full system is complete. It allows for quick releases during development and makes it easier to develop and test in smaller iterations while incorporating customer feedback at each stage. However, it requires more resources than traditional models and skilled management to avoid increased costs over time.
The Spiral Model is a software development lifecycle model that combines elements of prototyping and the waterfall model. It involves iterating through phases for communication, planning, modeling, construction and deployment in spirals to obtain early feedback from customers. Each iteration allows for refinement of deliverables based on customer evaluations and helps manage risks for large, expensive and complex projects.
The Waterfall model is a popular sequential model of the software development life cycle where each phase must be completed before the next begins. It consists of requirements, design, implementation, verification, and maintenance phases. Though simple to understand and manage, the Waterfall model works best for smaller, well-defined projects as it is inflexible to changes and produces no working software until late in the cycle.
Spiral Model is one of the classical SDLCs practiced around the world. Heavily advantageous for projects in catering for needs in the long run bound to change through out the time, Spiral model has been one of those theoretically taught for different course modules in IT and Computer Science.
This document discusses software process models. It begins by outlining common activities like specification, design, validation and evolution. It then describes three generic process models: waterfall, evolutionary development, and component-based development. Waterfall involves separate sequential phases while evolutionary development interleaves activities. Component-based development focuses on reuse. The document also discusses process iteration techniques like incremental delivery and spiral development to accommodate changing requirements.
Learn how and what is Spiral Model. This was made during 3RD Year. From Eastern Visayas State University - Main Campus, Tacloban City, Leyte, Philippines
CREATED BY:
Aguilar, Fatima Joy
Arpon, Benedict Julius Steven
Software development process models
Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model
Evolutionary Process Models
Spiral Model
THE FORMAL METHODS MODEL
Specialized Process Models
The Concurrent Development Model
S.D.L.C (Software Development Life Cycle.)Jayesh Buwa
The document discusses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which provides an overall framework for managing the software development process. There are two main approaches to the SDLC - predictive and adaptive. All projects use some variation of the SDLC, which typically includes phases like requirements definition, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Common SDLC models discussed include waterfall, incremental, spiral, and agile methods. The strengths and weaknesses of different models are compared.
The iterative model breaks a project into small modules that can be delivered incrementally. A working version is produced in the first module, with each subsequent release adding additional functionality until the full system is complete. It allows for quick releases during development and makes it easier to develop and test in smaller iterations while incorporating customer feedback at each stage. However, it requires more resources than traditional models and skilled management to avoid increased costs over time.
The Spiral Model is a software development lifecycle model that combines elements of prototyping and the waterfall model. It involves iterating through phases for communication, planning, modeling, construction and deployment in spirals to obtain early feedback from customers. Each iteration allows for refinement of deliverables based on customer evaluations and helps manage risks for large, expensive and complex projects.
The Waterfall model is a popular sequential model of the software development life cycle where each phase must be completed before the next begins. It consists of requirements, design, implementation, verification, and maintenance phases. Though simple to understand and manage, the Waterfall model works best for smaller, well-defined projects as it is inflexible to changes and produces no working software until late in the cycle.
Spiral Model is one of the classical SDLCs practiced around the world. Heavily advantageous for projects in catering for needs in the long run bound to change through out the time, Spiral model has been one of those theoretically taught for different course modules in IT and Computer Science.
This document discusses software process models. It begins by outlining common activities like specification, design, validation and evolution. It then describes three generic process models: waterfall, evolutionary development, and component-based development. Waterfall involves separate sequential phases while evolutionary development interleaves activities. Component-based development focuses on reuse. The document also discusses process iteration techniques like incremental delivery and spiral development to accommodate changing requirements.
Software Requirements in Software Engineering SE5koolkampus
The document introduces software requirements and describes how they are used to define what a system should do. It explains that requirements can be functional or non-functional, and discusses how requirements are organized in documents. Requirements describe the services and constraints for the system from the perspectives of users and developers.
The document discusses various software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, prototyping, spiral, RAD and V-model. It provides advantages and disadvantages of each model. In conclusion, the RAD model is identified as the best model to implement for a software project since it emphasizes delivering projects in smaller pieces to encourage user involvement and provide greater flexibility.
The document describes the Waterfall Model of software development. It consists of sequential phases: requirements, design, implementation, testing, and deployment. While easy to understand, it has disadvantages like inability to change requirements later in the process and lack of early working software. The document also discusses improving the model by adding design phases, documentation, testing planning, and customer involvement.
Rapid Application Development (RAD) is an agile software development methodology that focuses on rapid prototyping through workshops and iterative testing with customers. It involves business modeling to identify information flows, data modeling to define necessary data objects, and process modeling to convert data objects into business processes. Automated tools are then used to generate code from the models. The RAD model aims to reduce development time through reusability, early customer feedback, and short iteration cycles enabled by powerful modeling and code generation tools. However, it relies on strong individual performances, is only suitable for modularized systems, and requires high modeling and development skills.
SDLC - Software Development Life Cycle
and Waterfall Model :
The SDLC aims to produce a high quality software that meets or exceeds customer expectations, reaches completion within times and cost estimates.
The document discusses the software development life cycle (SDLC). It describes the typical phases of SDLC including problem definition, program design, coding, debugging, testing, documentation, maintenance, and extension/redesign. It also covers different SDLC models like waterfall, prototyping, and agile development. The SDLC process is best for structured environments while iterative models work better for web and e-commerce projects where frequent stakeholder feedback is needed.
The document presents information on the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), including:
1) It describes the seven main phases of the SDLC - planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance.
2) It discusses several SDLC models like waterfall, iterative, prototyping, spiral and V-model and compares their strengths and weaknesses.
3) It emphasizes the important role of testing in the SDLC and describes different testing types done during the phases.
There you can find about definition of agile model.Working of agile model.You can also find where to use agile model.Examples of agile model is also given here.
The document describes the waterfall model of software development. It consists of 5 sequential phases: 1) Requirement gathering and analysis, 2) Design, 3) Coding, 4) Testing, and 5) Maintenance. Each phase must be completed before moving to the next. The waterfall model provides structure, clear milestones, and is good for management control, but it does not allow for flexibility or iteration between phases. It is best used for projects with stable requirements that can be clearly defined upfront.
The document provides an overview of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) including its various stages and models. The key points are:
1. SDLC is a process that consists of planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance phases to develop and maintain software.
2. The stages include planning, requirements analysis, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance.
3. Common models include waterfall, iterative, spiral, V-model, and agile. Waterfall is the earliest and most basic sequential model while iterative and agile are more flexible to changing requirements.
The document defines the software development life cycle (SDLC) and its phases. It discusses several SDLC models including waterfall, prototype, iterative enhancement, and spiral. The waterfall model follows sequential phases from requirements to maintenance with no overlap. The prototype model involves building prototypes for user feedback. The iterative enhancement model develops software incrementally. The spiral model is divided into risk analysis, engineering, construction, and evaluation cycles. The document also covers software requirements, elicitation through interviews and use cases, analysis through data, behavioral and functional modeling, and documentation in a software requirements specification.
The document describes the waterfall model of software development. It begins by listing the presenters and defining sequential and incremental software development models. It then discusses the waterfall model in more detail, describing it as a linear sequential process where each phase must be completed before the next begins. The document outlines the history, use cases, diagram, phases and advantages/disadvantages of the waterfall model.
This slide share will help users to understand the agile software development methodology and how does it work. It also defines the whole process to implement scrum methodology.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models including Waterfall, V-Shaped, Prototyping, Rapid Application Development (RAD), Incremental, and Spiral models. For each model, it describes the key steps, strengths, weaknesses, and when each model is best applied. The models range from traditional sequential models like Waterfall to more iterative models like Prototyping and RAD.
The Spiral Model is an iterative software development process that is used for large, complex projects where requirements are not fully known. It consists of loops called phases that each have four quadrants - identification, design, construction, and evaluation. This allows for risk analysis, prototyping, customer evaluation and feedback at each phase of development. The Spiral Model supports risk handling, changing requirements, and customer involvement throughout the life cycle, making it well-suited for complex projects, though it is more complex and expensive than other models.
The document discusses requirements analysis and specification in software engineering. It defines what requirements are and explains the typical activities involved - requirements gathering, analysis, and specification. The importance of documenting requirements in a Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document is explained. Key sections of an SRS like stakeholders, types of requirements (functional and non-functional), and examples are covered. Special attention is given to requirements for critical systems and importance of non-functional requirements.
The document outlines the software testing life cycle (STLC) which is a systematic and planned process for testing software. The STLC includes requirement analysis to define what will be tested, test planning to identify activities, resources and schedules, test case development to detail test cases and data, test execution to run test cases and log results, and test cycle closure to generate reports and complete testing.
The document describes the Extreme Programming (XP) model, an agile software development methodology created by Kent Beck. It discusses the key assumptions and practices of XP, including short iterative development cycles, frequent integration and testing, pair programming, and prioritizing customer feedback. The advantages are reducing costs and risks through simplicity, spreading work across the team. Disadvantages include potential lack of upfront design and measurement of quality assurance.
Agile development focuses on effective communication, customer collaboration, and incremental delivery of working software. The key principles of agile development according to the Agile Alliance include satisfying customers, welcoming changing requirements, frequent delivery, collaboration between business and development teams, and self-organizing teams. Extreme Programming (XP) is an agile process model that emphasizes planning with user stories, simple design, pair programming, unit testing, and frequent integration and testing.
A waterfall model is a sequential design process, used in software development processes, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards( like a waterfall) through the phrases of Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design, Construction, Testing, Production/Implementation, and Maintenance.
The waterfall development model originates in the manufacturing and construction industries which are highly structured physical environments in which after-the-fact changes are prohibitively costly, if not impossible. Since no formal software development methodologies existed at the time, this hardware-oriented model was simply adapted for software development.
This document discusses different software life cycle models, including the classical waterfall model, iterative waterfall model, evolutionary model, prototyping model, and spiral model. It describes the phases and advantages and disadvantages of each. The classical waterfall model is considered theoretical while the iterative model is more practical but rigid. The evolutionary and prototyping models are useful when requirements are unclear. The spiral model subsumes other models but is complex. The appropriate model depends on the project's risks and understanding. Adhering to a model helps produce quality software systematically.
This document provides an overview of software development life cycle (SDLC) models and their comparison. It discusses several SDLC models including waterfall, V-shaped, iterative, prototyping, RAD, spiral and agile. Each model is described in terms of its phases, advantages and disadvantages. The document also presents related work from other scholars and states that while agile was not fully extreme programming, using Scrum principles resulted in return on investment and lower costs. It proposes future work to identify knowledge sharing procedures and user-centered SDLC models that overcome limitations of existing approaches.
Software Requirements in Software Engineering SE5koolkampus
The document introduces software requirements and describes how they are used to define what a system should do. It explains that requirements can be functional or non-functional, and discusses how requirements are organized in documents. Requirements describe the services and constraints for the system from the perspectives of users and developers.
The document discusses various software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, prototyping, spiral, RAD and V-model. It provides advantages and disadvantages of each model. In conclusion, the RAD model is identified as the best model to implement for a software project since it emphasizes delivering projects in smaller pieces to encourage user involvement and provide greater flexibility.
The document describes the Waterfall Model of software development. It consists of sequential phases: requirements, design, implementation, testing, and deployment. While easy to understand, it has disadvantages like inability to change requirements later in the process and lack of early working software. The document also discusses improving the model by adding design phases, documentation, testing planning, and customer involvement.
Rapid Application Development (RAD) is an agile software development methodology that focuses on rapid prototyping through workshops and iterative testing with customers. It involves business modeling to identify information flows, data modeling to define necessary data objects, and process modeling to convert data objects into business processes. Automated tools are then used to generate code from the models. The RAD model aims to reduce development time through reusability, early customer feedback, and short iteration cycles enabled by powerful modeling and code generation tools. However, it relies on strong individual performances, is only suitable for modularized systems, and requires high modeling and development skills.
SDLC - Software Development Life Cycle
and Waterfall Model :
The SDLC aims to produce a high quality software that meets or exceeds customer expectations, reaches completion within times and cost estimates.
The document discusses the software development life cycle (SDLC). It describes the typical phases of SDLC including problem definition, program design, coding, debugging, testing, documentation, maintenance, and extension/redesign. It also covers different SDLC models like waterfall, prototyping, and agile development. The SDLC process is best for structured environments while iterative models work better for web and e-commerce projects where frequent stakeholder feedback is needed.
The document presents information on the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), including:
1) It describes the seven main phases of the SDLC - planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance.
2) It discusses several SDLC models like waterfall, iterative, prototyping, spiral and V-model and compares their strengths and weaknesses.
3) It emphasizes the important role of testing in the SDLC and describes different testing types done during the phases.
There you can find about definition of agile model.Working of agile model.You can also find where to use agile model.Examples of agile model is also given here.
The document describes the waterfall model of software development. It consists of 5 sequential phases: 1) Requirement gathering and analysis, 2) Design, 3) Coding, 4) Testing, and 5) Maintenance. Each phase must be completed before moving to the next. The waterfall model provides structure, clear milestones, and is good for management control, but it does not allow for flexibility or iteration between phases. It is best used for projects with stable requirements that can be clearly defined upfront.
The document provides an overview of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) including its various stages and models. The key points are:
1. SDLC is a process that consists of planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance phases to develop and maintain software.
2. The stages include planning, requirements analysis, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance.
3. Common models include waterfall, iterative, spiral, V-model, and agile. Waterfall is the earliest and most basic sequential model while iterative and agile are more flexible to changing requirements.
The document defines the software development life cycle (SDLC) and its phases. It discusses several SDLC models including waterfall, prototype, iterative enhancement, and spiral. The waterfall model follows sequential phases from requirements to maintenance with no overlap. The prototype model involves building prototypes for user feedback. The iterative enhancement model develops software incrementally. The spiral model is divided into risk analysis, engineering, construction, and evaluation cycles. The document also covers software requirements, elicitation through interviews and use cases, analysis through data, behavioral and functional modeling, and documentation in a software requirements specification.
The document describes the waterfall model of software development. It begins by listing the presenters and defining sequential and incremental software development models. It then discusses the waterfall model in more detail, describing it as a linear sequential process where each phase must be completed before the next begins. The document outlines the history, use cases, diagram, phases and advantages/disadvantages of the waterfall model.
This slide share will help users to understand the agile software development methodology and how does it work. It also defines the whole process to implement scrum methodology.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models including Waterfall, V-Shaped, Prototyping, Rapid Application Development (RAD), Incremental, and Spiral models. For each model, it describes the key steps, strengths, weaknesses, and when each model is best applied. The models range from traditional sequential models like Waterfall to more iterative models like Prototyping and RAD.
The Spiral Model is an iterative software development process that is used for large, complex projects where requirements are not fully known. It consists of loops called phases that each have four quadrants - identification, design, construction, and evaluation. This allows for risk analysis, prototyping, customer evaluation and feedback at each phase of development. The Spiral Model supports risk handling, changing requirements, and customer involvement throughout the life cycle, making it well-suited for complex projects, though it is more complex and expensive than other models.
The document discusses requirements analysis and specification in software engineering. It defines what requirements are and explains the typical activities involved - requirements gathering, analysis, and specification. The importance of documenting requirements in a Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document is explained. Key sections of an SRS like stakeholders, types of requirements (functional and non-functional), and examples are covered. Special attention is given to requirements for critical systems and importance of non-functional requirements.
The document outlines the software testing life cycle (STLC) which is a systematic and planned process for testing software. The STLC includes requirement analysis to define what will be tested, test planning to identify activities, resources and schedules, test case development to detail test cases and data, test execution to run test cases and log results, and test cycle closure to generate reports and complete testing.
The document describes the Extreme Programming (XP) model, an agile software development methodology created by Kent Beck. It discusses the key assumptions and practices of XP, including short iterative development cycles, frequent integration and testing, pair programming, and prioritizing customer feedback. The advantages are reducing costs and risks through simplicity, spreading work across the team. Disadvantages include potential lack of upfront design and measurement of quality assurance.
Agile development focuses on effective communication, customer collaboration, and incremental delivery of working software. The key principles of agile development according to the Agile Alliance include satisfying customers, welcoming changing requirements, frequent delivery, collaboration between business and development teams, and self-organizing teams. Extreme Programming (XP) is an agile process model that emphasizes planning with user stories, simple design, pair programming, unit testing, and frequent integration and testing.
A waterfall model is a sequential design process, used in software development processes, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards( like a waterfall) through the phrases of Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design, Construction, Testing, Production/Implementation, and Maintenance.
The waterfall development model originates in the manufacturing and construction industries which are highly structured physical environments in which after-the-fact changes are prohibitively costly, if not impossible. Since no formal software development methodologies existed at the time, this hardware-oriented model was simply adapted for software development.
This document discusses different software life cycle models, including the classical waterfall model, iterative waterfall model, evolutionary model, prototyping model, and spiral model. It describes the phases and advantages and disadvantages of each. The classical waterfall model is considered theoretical while the iterative model is more practical but rigid. The evolutionary and prototyping models are useful when requirements are unclear. The spiral model subsumes other models but is complex. The appropriate model depends on the project's risks and understanding. Adhering to a model helps produce quality software systematically.
This document provides an overview of software development life cycle (SDLC) models and their comparison. It discusses several SDLC models including waterfall, V-shaped, iterative, prototyping, RAD, spiral and agile. Each model is described in terms of its phases, advantages and disadvantages. The document also presents related work from other scholars and states that while agile was not fully extreme programming, using Scrum principles resulted in return on investment and lower costs. It proposes future work to identify knowledge sharing procedures and user-centered SDLC models that overcome limitations of existing approaches.
The document describes the Spiral Model software development methodology. It discusses the history, phases, graphical representation, pros and cons, comparisons to other models like Waterfall and Agile, applications, and provides an example of how Microsoft used it to develop Windows operating systems. The Spiral Model is an iterative approach that involves planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation phases within each loop or spiral. It is suited for large, expensive, complex projects and allows for risk identification and mitigation at each stage of development.
Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications" by Kenneth H. Rosen stands as a beacon among textbooks in the realm of mathematics education, particularly in the domain of discrete mathematics. With its eighth edition, Rosen continues to elucidate the intricate world of discrete mathematics with finesse and clarity, making it accessible to students across various academic backgrounds.
At the core of this textbook lies a pedagogical approach that prioritizes lucidity without compromising depth. Rosen begins by laying the groundwork with foundational concepts such as sets, logic, and proof techniques. Through meticulous exposition and illustrative examples, he ensures that readers grasp these fundamental building blocks of discrete mathematics before venturing into more advanced topics.
One of the hallmarks of Rosen's approach is his unwavering commitment to showcasing the practical applications of discrete mathematics. This emphasis on real-world relevance not only enriches the learning experience but also underscores the ubiquity of discrete mathematical principles in modern technology and science. Whether it's cryptography, network optimization, or algorithm design, Rosen deftly demonstrates how concepts like graph theory, combinatorics, and discrete probability play pivotal roles in solving tangible problems across diverse domains.
Moreover, the breadth of topics covered in the text is truly remarkable. From elementary concepts like counting techniques and relations to sophisticated topics such as automata theory and formal languages, Rosen leaves no stone unturned. Each chapter unfolds systematically, building upon the preceding material while introducing new concepts in a cohesive manner. This meticulous organization ensures a smooth progression of learning, allowing students to assimilate complex ideas gradually.
A defining feature of Rosen's exposition is his adeptness at balancing theoretical rigor with practical insights. While the text delves into abstract notions and rigorous proofs, Rosen consistently provides concrete examples and intuitive explanations to bolster understanding. This synthesis of theory and application fosters a holistic comprehension of discrete mathematics, equipping students with both theoretical prowess and problem-solving acumen.
Furthermore, the wealth of examples and exercises peppered throughout the text serves as a testament to Rosen's commitment to student engagement and active learning. Each concept is elucidated through a myriad of examples, elucidating its nuances and applications. Likewise, the exercises range from routine drills to thought-provoking challenges, catering to students of varying aptitudes and fostering critical thinking skills.
In addition to its pedagogical merits, the eighth edition of "Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications" reflects Rosen's dedication to staying abreast of developments in the field. By incorporating updates and revisions, Rosen ensures that the text remains current
The document discusses different software process models used in software development. It describes the waterfall model as a linear sequential process moving from requirements to design to development and so on. The iterative model develops software incrementally in iterations to add more features. The V model maps each development phase to a testing phase. Other models discussed include RAD, spiral and agile models.
This document discusses different software development life cycle models, focusing on the evolutionary and spiral models.
The evolutionary model develops a software system incrementally, releasing versions with additional features over time. Each version is developed using an iterative waterfall approach. The spiral model combines prototyping and waterfall approaches. It consists of four phases - planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation - completed in iterative cycles or "spirals" to progressively develop the software. The spiral model manages risk better than the waterfall model and can continue indefinitely, while the waterfall model has more risk and uncertainty.
The document discusses the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which is a standard model used worldwide to develop software. It describes the main stages of the SDLC as analysis, planning, implementation, and testing. Analysis is the first and most important phase where requirements are determined and the problem is broken down. Planning involves assigning tasks to team members. Implementation is the longest and most expensive phase. Testing is an ongoing phase where thorough testing takes place. The document also discusses various SDLC models including waterfall, iterative enhancement, prototyping, spiral, build and fix, and rapid application development models.
Evolutionary process models allow developers to iteratively create increasingly complete versions of software. Examples include the prototyping paradigm, spiral model, and concurrent development model. The prototyping paradigm uses prototypes to elicit requirements from customers. The spiral model couples iterative prototyping with controlled development, dividing the project into framework activities. The concurrent development model concurrently develops components with defined interfaces to enable integration. These evolutionary models allow flexibility and accommodate changes but require strong communication and updated requirements.
Prototyping model, Evolution and spiral models.pdfssusere796b3
The prototype model requires building a prototype before developing actual software to test requirements and functionality. A prototype is a crude initial version that can help identify needed changes before significant resources are spent. Key steps are gathering requirements, building the prototype, user evaluation, and refinement. Advantages include reduced risk of incorrect requirements and early error detection, while disadvantages include potential for the prototype to become the final product and requiring extensive customer involvement.
The document discusses various evolutionary software process models, including prototyping, the spiral model, and component-based development. Prototyping involves building initial versions of a software system to elicit requirements from customers. The spiral model is iterative like prototyping but more controlled, with software developed through a series of releases. Component-based development reuses existing software components with well-defined interfaces. All of these evolutionary models produce increasingly complete versions of software over time through iteration.
Evolutionary models are iterative and incremental software development approaches that combine iterative and incremental processes. There are two main types: prototyping and spiral models. The prototyping model develops prototypes that are tested and refined based on customer feedback until requirements are met, while the spiral model proceeds through multiple loops or phases of planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation. Both approaches allow requirements to evolve through development and support risk handling.
Software Engineering- Crisis and Process ModelsNishu Rastogi
The document discusses various software engineering process models including the waterfall model, iterative waterfall model, prototyping model, evolutionary model, rapid application development model, and spiral model. It provides details on the key activities and stages in each model's software development life cycle. The document also compares the different models and discusses when each may be best applied based on factors like the problem's understandability, decomposability into modules, and tolerance for incremental delivery.
The spiral model is a software development process that combines elements of both design and prototyping-centric models. It involves iterating through four phases - planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation - with each iteration intended to incrementally approach completion of the project. The spiral model aims to reduce risk at each phase by gathering user feedback and requirements and addressing risks before proceeding. It is suited for large, complex projects where requirements are not fully known. An example is a project creating a video mail system for illiterate users through iterative user testing and feedback.
Process models describe the life cycle of software development from requirements gathering to maintenance. The main process models discussed are waterfall, incremental, RAD, prototype, spiral and concurrent development. Each model represents the phases and flow of activities in the software development process in a different way. Process models help develop software in a systematic manner and ensure all team members understand responsibilities and timelines.
Software Lifecycle Models / Software Development Models
Types of Software development models
Waterfall Model
Features of Waterfall Model
Phase of Waterfall Model
Prototype Model
Advantages of Prototype Model
Disadvantages of Prototype model
V Model
Advantages of V-model
Disadvantages of V-model
When to use the V-model
Incremental Model
ITERATIVE AND INCREMENTAL DEVELOPMENT
INCREMENTAL MODEL LIFE CYCLE
When to use the Incremental model
Rapid Application Development RAD Model
phases in the rapid application development (RAD) model
Advantages of the RAD model
Disadvantages of RAD model
When to use RAD model
Agile Model
Advantages of Agile model
Disadvantages of Agile model
When to use Agile model
The document discusses several software development lifecycle models, including build and fix, waterfall, incremental, rapid prototyping, spiral, and object oriented models. It provides brief descriptions of each model's phases and process. The waterfall model is described as the first published model, involving sequential phases of requirements, design, implementation, integration, and maintenance. However, it notes waterfall has limitations in responding to changing requirements. Rapid prototyping is used to help capture user requirements through a mock application. The incremental model delivers functionality in increments to get early feedback. Spiral model adds risk analysis before each phase. Object oriented models incorporate iteration, parallelism and incremental development.
The document discusses various software development life cycle models. It describes the iterative and incremental model in detail, noting that it involves developing the software in increments with each increment applying the classical waterfall phases of requirements, analysis, design, implementation and testing on a portion of the software. Each iteration can be viewed as a small waterfall model. The model allows for risks to be addressed early and working versions to be delivered frequently for feedback. Other models discussed include waterfall, rapid prototyping, agile processes, synchronize-and-stabilize and spiral. The document concludes no single model is best and a hybrid approach may be most effective.
The document discusses different software development life cycle (SDLC) models. It defines SDLC as a process used by the software industry to design, implement, and test high-quality software. The main stages of SDLC are planning, analysis, design, coding/development, testing, and deployment. It then describes six common SDLC methodologies - waterfall, V-shaped, iterative, spiral, big bang, and agile - and explains when each is generally most appropriate to use.
The document discusses prototypes and the spiral model of software development. It defines a prototype as a working model built to test design aspects. The spiral model combines prototyping and the waterfall model, with software development occurring in iterative loops or spirals of planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation. Each spiral builds upon the previous one with increasing requirements, reduced risks, and additional features developed. The spiral model is useful for large, risky projects where requirements are unclear.
The Spiral Model is a software development process that divides projects into iterations. Each iteration involves planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation. This allows high-risk elements to be resolved early through prototypes and simulations. The model works well for large, risky projects where requirements may change and is focused on risk management over documentation. It incorporates elements of waterfall and prototyping models.
Similar to Evolutionary Software Process Module in Easy Terminology by Taha Shahid (20)
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6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
2. Objectives of this Presentation:
• To give a small introduction of Software Process
Model.
• To describe Evolutionary SPM.
• To describe following types of ESPM:
– Incremental mode
– Spiral model
– Component assembling model
3. What is Software Process Model?
A software process model is a standardized
format for
– Planning
– Organizing, and
– Running
a development project.
4. How many models of SPM are there?
Hundreds of different models exist and are
used but following are the most important models:
• Linear Process Models
– Waterfall Model
– Prototyping Model
• Evolutionary Software Process Models
– Incremental Model
– Spiral Model
– Component Assembly Model
5. What Evolutionary means?
This word is derived from the word “Evolution”.
Evolution (noun): A regular process in which something
changes into a different and usually much better form.
Modern example:
An evolutionary process of
Apple, from heavy Macs to
smart iPhones.
7. Evolutionary Software Process Model
Evolutionary software models are iterative. They are
characterized in manner that enables the software
engineers to develop increasingly more complete version
of a software.
In programming "iteration" means sequential access
to objects. It is typically a cycle.
Software engineers can follow this process model
that has been clearly designed to put up a product that
regularly complete over time.
8. How many categories are there of ESPM?
The ESPM has been categorized into 3 types of
models.
1. Incremental Model
2. Spiral Model
3. Component Assembly Model
10. 1 - Incremental Model
A model where the software specification,
design, implementation and testing is broken down
into a series of increments which are developed and
delivered.
Pros: Higher quality
Cons: Needs good planning and design.
12. 2 - Spiral Model
Another evolutionary life cycle model that
combines the linear nature of the Waterfall model
and the iterative (repetitive) nature of the Prototyping
model. The project life cycle is divided into phases,
and each phase is executed in all of the iteration of
the Spiral Model.
Pros: More detailed processes for each phase.
Cons: Costly
Sometimes difficult to implement.
13. Inner cycles represent the early phases of
requirement analysis along with prototyping. While
outer spirals are progressively representative of the
classic software life cycle.
15. 3 - Component Assembly Model
Component Assembly Model is just like the
Prototype model, in which first a prototype is created
according to the requirements of the customer. Thus,
this is one of the most beneficial advantages of
component assembly model as it saves lots of time
during the software development program.
Instead of searching for different codes and
languages, the developers using this model opt for the
available components and use them to make an
efficient program.