This document discusses reproduction in plants. It describes asexual reproduction methods like budding, fragmentation, and spore formation which involve a single parent. Vegetative propagation through cuttings, layering and grafting of plant parts like stems and leaves is also discussed. Sexual reproduction requires both male and female reproductive parts and occurs through pollination which can be self or cross pollination aided by agents like wind, water, birds and insects. Fertilization completes the process of sexual reproduction.
CLASS 12||Chapter 1|| Reproduction in Organisms.PrathamBiology
I have covered each topic of NCERT in explaining first chapter. In this chapter very basic information on reproduction is discussed.This is helpful for Board as well as NEET students.
Feel free for any query or suggestion.
Mail us on: biologypratham@gmail.com
Website : www.prathambiology.in
CLASS 12||Chapter 1|| Reproduction in Organisms.PrathamBiology
I have covered each topic of NCERT in explaining first chapter. In this chapter very basic information on reproduction is discussed.This is helpful for Board as well as NEET students.
Feel free for any query or suggestion.
Mail us on: biologypratham@gmail.com
Website : www.prathambiology.in
Seed is an important part of a flowering plant. They give rise to a new plant. They may be of different shapes, colours and sizes. They may be round, wrinkled, winged or hairy. They are in a dormant condition until they receive adequate sunlight, water, and soil. The growth of the plant from a seed is known as germination.
SCIENCE - Reproduction in plants (CLASS VII - CBSE BOARD)Pooja M
SCIENCE
Reproduction in plants
(CLASS VII)
CBSE BOARD
Types of reroduction in plants
tpes of asexual reproduction in plant
Vegetative propagation
Budding
Fragmentation
Spore formation
Sexual reproduction in plants
Parts of flower
Learn why reproduction is important for life on earth. Also recognize that animals viz., mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, frogs, fish, etc., reproduce in different ways.
Parts of a Flower
Sepals
Petals
Receptacle
Pistil
Stamen
Stamen
The stamen (plural stamina or stamens) is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.
Filament- Supports the Anther
Anther- Produces Pollen Grains
Pistil
The ovule producing part of a flower.
The ovary often supports a long style, topped by a stigma. The mature ovary is a fruit, and the mature ovule is a seed. Stigma: The part of the pistil where pollen germinates.
Peduncle
The stalk of a flower.
Types of Flowers
Complete Flowers- have both male and female parts
Incomplete Flowers- have either male or female parts but not both.
Pollination
is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma. The goal of every living organism, including plants, is to create offspring for the next generation. One of the ways that plants can produce offspring is by making seeds.
How Are Plants Pollinated?
Bees
Birds
Wind
Humans
Animals
How Are Flowers Useful to Us?
Flowers are not just beautiful to look at,
but they also serve a vital role in our ecosystem.
Flowers help our ecosystem flourish and attract a plethora of life to the area and facilitate the expansion of our environment. If flowers are cut down or destroyed before pollination can occur, that particular species has a high chance of dying off in that area. In addition, local wildlife will also vanish in that area since they would have no food. Flowers help keep the ecosystem growing and provide new plant life, as well as help sustain local insects and birds.
References
https://www.google.com/search?q=the+warmth+of+the+sun&biw=1366&bih=624&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijzIvum-vNAhVGE5QKHVPECrQQ_AUICCgD#tbm=isch&q=flower&imgdii=FzbkxijP3tcE6M%3A%3BFzbkxijP3tcE6M%3A%3B9HeLL-NVdsjrxM%3A&imgrc=FzbkxijP3tcE6M%3A
https://www.google.com/search?q=plants+need+to+grow&biw=1366&bih=624&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwiJtPjrnOvNAhXCj5QKHcPEAP0Q_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=parts+of+flower+for+kindergarten&imgrc=e6V8oQskJakoiM%3A
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biotik.org%2Flaos%2Fdefs%2FStamen_en.gif&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biotik.org%2Flaos%2Fdefs%2F354_en.html&docid=Ds4mwro4x7NUhM&tbnid=QKkshukLyPxM2M%3A&w=455&h=283&noj=1&ved=0ahUKEwiDpou4pOvNAhWGKJQKHR2ZD3kQMwg6KAcwBw&iact=mrc&uact=8&biw=1366&bih=624#h=283&imgdii=QKkshukLyPxM2M%3A%3BQKkshukLyPxM2M%3A%3Bsk-2e39y3k6kCM%3A&w=455
https://www.google.com/search?q=stamen&biw=1366&bih=624&noj=1&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDpou4pOvNAhWGKJQKHR2ZD3kQ_AUIBygA&dpr=1
Asexual reproduction is a process in which new organism is produced from a single parent without the involvement of gametes or cells. Many unicellular and multi cellular organisms reproduce asexually.
Seed is an important part of a flowering plant. They give rise to a new plant. They may be of different shapes, colours and sizes. They may be round, wrinkled, winged or hairy. They are in a dormant condition until they receive adequate sunlight, water, and soil. The growth of the plant from a seed is known as germination.
SCIENCE - Reproduction in plants (CLASS VII - CBSE BOARD)Pooja M
SCIENCE
Reproduction in plants
(CLASS VII)
CBSE BOARD
Types of reroduction in plants
tpes of asexual reproduction in plant
Vegetative propagation
Budding
Fragmentation
Spore formation
Sexual reproduction in plants
Parts of flower
Learn why reproduction is important for life on earth. Also recognize that animals viz., mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, frogs, fish, etc., reproduce in different ways.
Parts of a Flower
Sepals
Petals
Receptacle
Pistil
Stamen
Stamen
The stamen (plural stamina or stamens) is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.
Filament- Supports the Anther
Anther- Produces Pollen Grains
Pistil
The ovule producing part of a flower.
The ovary often supports a long style, topped by a stigma. The mature ovary is a fruit, and the mature ovule is a seed. Stigma: The part of the pistil where pollen germinates.
Peduncle
The stalk of a flower.
Types of Flowers
Complete Flowers- have both male and female parts
Incomplete Flowers- have either male or female parts but not both.
Pollination
is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma. The goal of every living organism, including plants, is to create offspring for the next generation. One of the ways that plants can produce offspring is by making seeds.
How Are Plants Pollinated?
Bees
Birds
Wind
Humans
Animals
How Are Flowers Useful to Us?
Flowers are not just beautiful to look at,
but they also serve a vital role in our ecosystem.
Flowers help our ecosystem flourish and attract a plethora of life to the area and facilitate the expansion of our environment. If flowers are cut down or destroyed before pollination can occur, that particular species has a high chance of dying off in that area. In addition, local wildlife will also vanish in that area since they would have no food. Flowers help keep the ecosystem growing and provide new plant life, as well as help sustain local insects and birds.
References
https://www.google.com/search?q=the+warmth+of+the+sun&biw=1366&bih=624&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijzIvum-vNAhVGE5QKHVPECrQQ_AUICCgD#tbm=isch&q=flower&imgdii=FzbkxijP3tcE6M%3A%3BFzbkxijP3tcE6M%3A%3B9HeLL-NVdsjrxM%3A&imgrc=FzbkxijP3tcE6M%3A
https://www.google.com/search?q=plants+need+to+grow&biw=1366&bih=624&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwiJtPjrnOvNAhXCj5QKHcPEAP0Q_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=parts+of+flower+for+kindergarten&imgrc=e6V8oQskJakoiM%3A
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biotik.org%2Flaos%2Fdefs%2FStamen_en.gif&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biotik.org%2Flaos%2Fdefs%2F354_en.html&docid=Ds4mwro4x7NUhM&tbnid=QKkshukLyPxM2M%3A&w=455&h=283&noj=1&ved=0ahUKEwiDpou4pOvNAhWGKJQKHR2ZD3kQMwg6KAcwBw&iact=mrc&uact=8&biw=1366&bih=624#h=283&imgdii=QKkshukLyPxM2M%3A%3BQKkshukLyPxM2M%3A%3Bsk-2e39y3k6kCM%3A&w=455
https://www.google.com/search?q=stamen&biw=1366&bih=624&noj=1&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDpou4pOvNAhWGKJQKHR2ZD3kQ_AUIBygA&dpr=1
Asexual reproduction is a process in which new organism is produced from a single parent without the involvement of gametes or cells. Many unicellular and multi cellular organisms reproduce asexually.
Reproduction in plants : Structure of seed, crop, stages of crop production , vegetative propagation, life cycle of Plant , mind map and flow chart of whole chapter
SCIENCE - THE PLANT LIFE CYCLE
(CLASS V)
IGCSE BOARD
SEED
FLOWER
POLLINATION
SELF POLLINATION
CROSS POLLINATION
QUESTION ANSWER
MIND MATCH
DRAG AND DROP
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The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
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2. What is Reproduction?
• The biological process in which living organisms give
birth to new ones of their similar kind is called
reproduction.
•Why is Reproduction important?
•ANS:-All living organisms have to die one
day or other. Creation of new individuals on
Earth makes this process endless.
3. • MODES OF REPRODUCTION
• 1. Asexual reproduction- The type of reproduction in
which new organisms are produced by a single parent
either male or female. This type of reproduction
occurs in the
•Sexual reproduction-The type of reproduction in
which new organisms are produced by both the
parents . This type of reproduction occurs in
5. BUDDING
• In some unicellular organisms small bulb like projections
known as Buds which are attached to the parent’s body.
• When it is matured and nourished it gets detached from the
parent’s body and is a individual living organism.
• Example- Yeast
6. FRAGMENTATION
• In this process, organisms break down into small fragments
which gives rise to new living organisms.
• EG- Spirogyra and green alga
7. SPORE FORMATION
• Spores are special asexual reproductive structures covered
by a hard protective coat.
• Spores can withstand unfavorable conditions such as high
temperature with the help of protective coat.
• Spores can germinate under favorable conditions and can
develop into a new individual.
• Spores can float in the air and cover long distance.
EXAMPLES- Moss
and ferns
8. VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
• When vegetative parts give rise to new plants, this type of
reproduction is called as vegetative propagation. Vegetative
parts are roots, stems and leaves.
• VEGETATIVE PROPOGATION-STEM
• Scars which are present in potato called eyes give rise to new
organism.
EXAMPLES- GINGER,
POTATO AND
TURMERIC
9. VEGETATIVE PROPOGATION BY ROOTS
•Underground roots develops into new organisms .
These underground roots have abundant stores of
food which is used in the active growth of plants.
•Examples:- Dahlia, Sweet potato and Asparagus
10. VEGETATIVE PROPOGATION BY LEAVES
•Bryophyllum can give rise to new plant from the buds
present in the margin of leaves.
•These buds present on the leaf margins give rise to
new organisms after falling into the soil.
EXAMPLE- Bryophyllum
and Begonia
11. ARTIFICAL METHODS
1. Cutting- When one leaf of a plant is cut and buried
into the soil new roots start developing and forms a
new plant.
Example- Sugarcane, rose and Bougainvillea
2. Layering- The branch of the plant is bent and is
covered with moist soil. After some days, new roots
start developing into a new plant.
Example- Bougainvillea and jasmine
3. Grafting- Small branch of a plant (scion) is inserted
into a cut made in a rooted stem (stock). Now both
scion and stock are tied together to form a new plant.
12. EXAMPLES
Some plants like apple, Mango and citrus fruits are examples of
grafting.
Question Q1. Identify which method of vegetative propagation is
used in the following plants:-
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
13. ADVANTAGES OF VEGETATIVE
PROPOGATION
Some plants that do not produce flowers, grow within a few
weeks or days into plants with vegetative propagation
methods.
Seedless variety of plants can be grown by the artificial
vegetative propagation.
Plants which are not capable of producing seeds, can be
produced vegetatively. For example- banana, grapes, jasmine
etc..
Plants raised by this method bear flowers and fruits earlier
than the plants raised by seeds.
20. ALL FLOWERS DO NOT CONTAINS BOTH
REPRODUCTIVE PARTS:
A flower that contains both male and female reproductive
parts is called bisexual flowers.
Examples- Lily, mustard, rose and petunia.
Some flowers have either male or female reproductive
parts. These flowers are called uni-sexual flowers.
Examples- Corn, papaya, cucumber and begonia
21. SCIENCE BITS!!
Yeast is used in bread and baking industry. It is also used in
making wine and bear.
It’s a unicellular organism which preforms BUDDING.
Rafflesia is the largest flower of the plant kingdom and has
very less vegetative parts.
IT WEIGHTS 10KG
23. POLLINATION
The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma is
called pollination.
This process plays a important role as the male gametes
(ovules) have to reach the female gametes to fuse each
other.
There are two types of pollination:-
1. Self pollination – This type of pollination includes the
transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the
same flower or to the stigma of another flower of the same
plant. Self pollination- Pollination
in same flower
24. CROSS POLLINATION
• This type of pollination includes the transfer of pollen grains
from the anther to the stigma of another flower is called cross
pollination.
•HOW DO POLLINATION HAPPENS?
•Pollination occurs with the help of pollinating agents
namely wind, water , insects and birds. They help in
carrying the process of pollination in flowers.
CROSS POLLINATION –
POLLINATION DONE IN
ANOTHER FLOWER