Reported speech
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This document provides an overview of how to report speech, questions, commands, and requests using reported or indirect speech. It explains how to change verb tenses and other elements like pronouns, adverbs, and modal verbs when changing direct speech to reported speech. Examples are given for changing statements, questions, commands, and requests from the present or past to the past tense in reported speech.
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When reporting speech, verb tenses are usually changed to be in the past. This is because reported speech refers to something that was said in the past. Common changes include changing present tenses to past tenses, changing pronouns like "I" and "me" to reflect the person who originally spoke, and adjusting time and place references. Reporting speech involves systematically changing verb tenses, pronouns, and other elements of the original statement while retaining the overall meaning.
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This document discusses how to report speech or things that other people have said. There are two types of reported speech: direct speech uses the person's exact words, while reported speech restates their message without using their exact words. When changing direct to reported speech, tenses, time/place expressions, and pronouns may need to be changed. Commands and questions also have specific rules for changing to reported speech involving changes in tense and word order.
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5e.Reported Speech Theory And Changes
Reported speech is used to report what someone said without using their exact words. Pronouns and verbs change to reflect that the statement is no longer being quoted directly. For example, changing "He said, 'I can't fix it myself'" to "He said he couldn't fix it himself." Questions, commands, and other speech are also adjusted when reported, such as changing a question's word order and removing the question mark. Verb tenses may change depending on the reporting verb used.
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The document discusses how to report what someone else has said in indirect or reported speech. It provides rules for changing verbs and pronouns when reporting statements, questions, requests and commands. Verbs change from present to past tense, modal verbs change form, and pronouns may need to change depending on who is reporting. Common reporting verbs include say, tell, ask but the use depends on whether a statement, question or request is being reported.
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This document provides instructions on how to change direct speech into reported speech in English. It explains that reported speech is used to say what another person has said and that the tense and pronouns need to be changed. It provides examples of changing different tenses, modal verbs, pronouns, time and place expressions, imperatives, and questions into the corresponding reported speech structures. The document serves as a guide for learners on the grammatical rules for transforming direct speech into the reported form.
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The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. It covers changing verb tenses and time/place expressions appropriately. It also addresses how to report questions, requests, orders, statements, and suggestions indirectly using various reporting verbs like said, asked, ordered etc. while maintaining the meaning.
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This document discusses different types of imperatives and their usage. Imperatives are used to tell people what to do, give instructions, make suggestions, and offer things. They can be affirmative like "come in" or negative with "don't." Emphatic imperatives add "do" for emphasis. Subjects can be added for clarity on who the imperative is directed to. Word order rules that "always" and "never" come before the imperative.
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Reported speech is used to report what someone said without using their exact words. Pronouns and verbs change to reflect that the statement is no longer being quoted directly. For example, changing "He said, 'I can't fix it myself'" to "He said he couldn't fix it himself." Questions, commands, and other speech are also adjusted when reported, such as changing a question's word order and removing the question mark. Verb tenses may change depending on the reporting verb used.
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This document provides information about reported speech, including why and how it is used, the changes that are required when moving from direct to reported speech, and examples of how to use reported speech to report statements, questions, requests and other speech. Specifically, it discusses changing verb tenses, pronouns, time expressions and other elements when using reported speech. It also provides exercises for the reader to practice converting examples of direct speech into the corresponding reported speech statements or questions.
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The document discusses different verbs used to report commands, offers, suggestions, advice, warnings, apologies and complaints that were previously spoken directly. It provides examples of changing direct speech to reported speech using these various verbs like "tell", "offer", "suggest", "advise", "warn", "apologize", and "complain". It also gives exercises to change examples from direct speech to reported speech and vice versa.
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This document discusses direct and reported speech. Direct speech repeats the exact words spoken using quotation marks, while reported speech reports the general idea without quotations by making necessary tense and pronoun changes. It provides examples of direct and reported speech and discusses how to report statements, questions, orders, requests, suggestions, intentions and promises. Time, place and pronoun references need to be changed in reported speech.
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The document discusses the differences between direct and reported speech. When reporting what someone said, you retell it in your own words rather than verbatim. This involves changing verb tenses and pronouns to reflect when the statement was made rather than when it is being reported. Common changes include changing the present tense to past tense, changing pronouns like "I" and "you" to "she" and "her", and adjusting time and place adverbials. Reporting questions and commands also involves changing them to indirect statements and clauses.
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The document discusses reported speech and the differences between direct and reported speech. It notes that in reported speech, verb tenses, pronouns, place and time references are typically changed. For example, present tenses may become past tenses, pronouns like "I" become "she/he", "here" becomes "there", and "now" becomes "then". However, verbs are not changed in some cases like when reporting a fact, future event, or when reporting something immediately after it was said. The document also discusses how to report statements, questions, and commands in indirect speech.
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The document defines and provides examples of reported speech, also known as indirect speech. Reported speech is used to talk about something someone else said in the past. When using reported speech, the tenses of the original statement are typically changed to be in the past. For example, changing "I'm going to the cinema" to "He said he was going to the cinema." The document provides a tense chart showing how the tenses shift backward in reported speech and examples of common verb changes like changing "will" to "would." It also discusses special cases like imperatives and references to time and place.
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The document discusses the differences between direct and reported speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report what someone said verbatim. Reported speech does not use quotation marks and does not have to be word for word. When changing from direct to reported speech, verb tenses, pronouns, time/place expressions and other elements are changed according to reporting conventions. The document provides examples of how direct speech is changed when reported.
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The document defines and provides examples of indirect or reported speech. It explains that indirect speech expresses the content of statements, questions, or utterances without directly quoting them. It discusses how to transform different types of direct speech into indirect speech, including statements, questions, commands, requests, and advice. Key changes that may be required include changing verb tenses, pronouns, and adverbs of time and place. Exceptions to typical tense changes are also outlined.
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The document discusses direct and indirect speech. It explains that direct speech uses quotation marks and reports someone's exact words, while indirect speech uses a reporting verb and changes verbs and pronouns. It provides examples of how to change verb tenses, pronouns, and other elements like time expressions when changing direct to indirect speech. The document also covers how to report questions, orders, advice and suggestions in indirect speech.
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This document discusses reporting speech and verbs used to report speech. It provides examples of direct and indirect speech using reporting verbs like "say", "ask", and "tell". It also lists other reporting verbs that can be used like "order", "promise", "apologize", and "insist" along with examples of how to use them to report direct speech indirectly. Key things to check when changing direct to indirect speech are pronouns, verb tenses, place/time expressions, and word order for indirect questions.
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This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech repeats the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports the meaning but changes pronouns, tense, and other elements. The document provides examples of changing direct speech to indirect speech based on tense, including changing "said" to "had said" and changing expressions of time like "today" to "yesterday." It also includes an exercise for the reader to practice changing direct speech to indirect speech.
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The document discusses how to report commands, offers, suggestions, advice, warnings, apologies, complaints and reminders from direct to reported speech. It provides examples of changing direct speech like "stop speaking in class" to the reported form "She told me to stop speaking in class." Verbs commonly used in reported speech include advise, ask, command, remind, warn, apologize and complain. The document also provides exercises to change examples between direct and reported speech.
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The document discusses how to report what someone else has said in indirect or reported speech. It provides rules for changing verbs and pronouns when reporting statements, questions, requests and commands. Verbs change from present to past tense, modal verbs change form, and pronouns may need to change depending on who is reporting. Common reporting verbs include say, tell, ask but the use depends on whether a statement, question or request is being reported.
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The document provides a quick guide to reported speech, which refers to sentences that report what someone has said. It explains that in reported speech, verb tenses, pronouns, time expressions, and place expressions are changed. Specifically, it notes that verbs are shifted back one tense, pronouns and possessives change to reflect the new subject, and temporal and locative expressions are adjusted. Examples are given to illustrate these changes. Reporting verbs like "say", "tell", and others expressing intention or admission are also discussed.
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When reporting speech, verb tenses are usually changed to be in the past. This is because reported speech refers to something that was said in the past. Verb tenses are moved back, or "backshifted", following specific rules. For example, the present simple becomes the past simple in reported speech. Pronouns, time and place expressions are also typically changed to be consistent with the fact that the original speech occurred in the past.
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This document discusses direct and indirect (reported) speech in English grammar. It provides examples of how to change direct speech into indirect speech, including changing pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and verb tenses. It also covers reporting statements, questions, commands, requests, exclamations and other speech types in indirect speech. The document is intended as a guide for properly transforming direct quotations into reported speech.
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This document provides information on direct and indirect (or reported) speech in English grammar. It discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech and outlines the typical changes that are necessary when converting direct speech into indirect speech, such as changing pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and verb tenses. It also covers reporting statements, questions, commands, requests, exclamations and other speech types in indirect form.
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This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect (or reported) speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report someone's exact words, while indirect speech conveys the general meaning without necessarily using the exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, some grammatical changes are usually required, such as changing pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and verb tenses. The document provides detailed guidelines on how to change different types of constructions like statements, questions, commands, and exclamations into the corresponding indirect speech constructions.
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This document provides an overview of direct and indirect speech. It outlines the key rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech, including tense changes, pronoun changes, and changes to time and place references. It also discusses reporting verbs, indirect questions, commands/requests, and exclamations in indirect speech. The document aims to serve as a reference for understanding the grammatical changes between direct and indirect speech.
REPORTED SPEECH
When reporting speech, verb tenses are usually changed to be in the past. This is because reported speech refers to something that was said in the past. Verb tenses are moved back, or "backshifted", following specific rules. For example, the present simple becomes the past simple. Pronouns and expressions of time and place are also typically changed in reported speech.
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The document discusses different verbs used in reported speech to report commands, offers, suggestions, advice, warnings, apologies, and complaints that were stated directly. It provides examples of changing direct speech to reported speech using these various verbs like "tell", "offer", "suggest", "advise", "warn", "apologize", and "complain". It also discusses changing reported speech back to direct speech.
Reported speech
Here are the reported versions:
The Jones family said that they had had a wonderful time on their holiday. They said the weather had been beautiful and they had visited many interesting places. The children said they were sad to be back home.
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Reported speech
This document discusses reported speech and the grammatical changes that are typically made when reporting what someone else said. It provides examples of changing pronouns, places, times, and verb tenses in reported statements. It also discusses keeping some original tenses, changing modal verbs, and flexible changes depending on the reporting situation.
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The document discusses different ways to use wishes in English based on the tense and subject. It explains that "wish + past simple" is used to talk about present or future situations for yourself, such as "I wish I had more money." "Wish + would/could + infinitive" is used to talk about another person's present actions you want to change, like "I wish you wouldn't borrow money from me." "Wish + past perfect" expresses regret about the past, as in "I wish I hadn't been late."
Quantifiers
This document discusses various quantifiers in English including all, every, most, both, neither and either. It explains that all requires a noun and can be used with plural or uncountable nouns. Most is a determiner that can be used with a noun or noun and adjective. Every indicates frequency and is used with singular countable nouns. Neither and either are used to talk about two options, while both refers to two or more things. The document also covers using none, no and any to talk about zero quantities.
Countable and uncountable nouns
This document discusses countable and uncountable nouns, providing examples of each type and how they are used. It explains that uncountable nouns are used with articles like "the" and "some" but can also stand alone. It also notes that some nouns can be either countable or uncountable depending on their meaning in a given context. Additionally, it covers plural nouns, singular nouns that take plural verbs, and exceptions to regular plural rules for some nouns. Exercises are provided to have the reader identify whether a noun should be singular or plural in different sentences.
Articles
The document discusses the use of articles (a/an, the, no article) in English. It provides rules for when to use a/an, the, or no article with singular and plural nouns, locations, institutions, days/months, occupations, geographical areas, buildings and more. It also includes examples and a short quiz to check understanding of the rules.
Formal letter
The writer is sending a formal letter to complain about a skirt ordered from a catalogue. The skirt arrived dirty and the wrong color. Additionally, customer service representatives were rude when contacted by phone. The writer expresses disappointment and hopes the company will take steps to rectify the situation. Further action is threatened if no response is received.
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Reported speech
- 1. REPORTED SPEECH Statements / Questions / Commands