Replication
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This document discusses DNA replication in eukaryotes. It outlines five DNA polymerases involved and their specific functions, such as DNA polymerase α being responsible for RNA primers on both leading and lagging strands. The steps of leading and lagging strand replication are also described, with DNA polymerase δ and sliding clamp PCNA playing key roles on the leading strand. Finally, the document defines telomeres and telomerase, and notes that telomerase functions to maintain telomere length.
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The document summarizes the structure and function of DNA. It describes DNA as being made up of nucleotides that form two strands twisted into a double helix ladder shape. The nucleotides consist of a sugar, phosphate, and one of four nitrogen bases that bond together the strands in specific base pairings of A-T and C-G. DNA stores genetic information through the sequence of these base pairs and can make copies of itself through a process called replication where the strands separate and new complementary strands are assembled.
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The document describes the structure and function of DNA and RNA. It discusses how DNA is made up of nucleotides containing deoxyribose, phosphate groups and nitrogenous bases. DNA forms a double helix structure with base pairing between adenine and thymine and cytosine and guanine. RNA is similar in structure but contains ribose and uracil instead of thymine. The document outlines how DNA is replicated semi-conservatively and how genes are transcribed into mRNA and then translated into proteins with the help of tRNA and ribosomes.
Dna
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polymerase
A DNA polymerase is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, the molecular precursors of DNA. These enzymes are essential for DNA replication and usually work in groups to create two identical DNA duplexes from a single original DNA duplex. During this process, DNA polymerase "reads" the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones.[1][2][3][4][5][6] These enzymes catalyze the chemical reaction
deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn ⇌ pyrophosphate + DNAn+1.
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2. Key points covered include the central dogma of molecular biology, the Watson-Crick structure of DNA, types of RNA like mRNA, tRNA and rRNA, and their roles in gene expression and protein synthesis.
3. The document also discusses properties of nucleic acids like denaturation and reannealing of DNA as well as unique features of eukaryotic mRNA.
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This document summarizes several important components of DNA replication machinery, including DNA helicases, single-stranded DNA binding proteins, DNA topoisomerase, DNA primase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase, DNA glycolyses, and telomeres. It describes what each component is, its role in DNA replication, and key properties. For example, it notes that DNA helicases use ATP to break hydrogen bonds between nucleotide base pairs, single-stranded DNA binding proteins prevent reformation of the DNA double helix, and DNA ligase reseals nicked DNA strands using ATP.
Enzyme involved in DNA replication
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
ENZYMES AND PROTEINS INVOLVED
IN PROKARYOTIC DNA REPLICATION
DNA polymerases
Types and function
Additional enzymes
Helicase ,
SSBP,
Topoisomerase,
Primase ,
Ligase ,
Events and function of enzymes
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Dna replication
Meselson and Stahl's experiment provided evidence for the semi-conservative model of DNA replication proposed by Watson and Crick. DNA replication involves enzymes that unwind, separate, and stabilize the parental strands. DNA polymerase synthesizes new leading and lagging daughter strands while DNA ligase seals fragments. Replication follows the central dogma where DNA is transcribed to RNA and translated to protein.
Dna replication JNVU
This document summarizes DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It discusses the structure of DNA, the process of replication including initiation, continuous and discontinuous synthesis, and removal of RNA primers. Key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication are that eukaryotes have multiple origins of replication and multiple DNA polymerases. DNA replication ensures accurate copying of genetic information through semiconservative and bidirectional replication that is catalyzed by DNA polymerase with proofreading ability.
Replication In Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Replication Introduction , DNA replicating Models , Meselson and Stahl Experiments , Circuler Model of DNA replication , Replication in Prokaryotes , Replication In Eukaryotes , Comparison Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Replicaton and PCR (Polymerease Chain Reaction)
Replication of DNA
DNA replication is the process where DNA copies itself to produce identical daughter molecules. It occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle and involves unwinding of the DNA double helix, synthesis of new strands complementarity to each existing strand, and production of two identical copies of the original DNA molecule. DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands in the 5' to 3' direction by adding nucleotides that are complementary to the template strand, requiring primers, nucleotides, and several enzymes. Errors can occur which are corrected by DNA repair mechanisms like base excision repair.
7 nucleic acids syllabus statements
The document discusses topics related to nucleic acids, including DNA structure and replication, transcription and gene expression, and translation. It provides essential ideas, understandings, and applications for each topic. For DNA structure and replication, it describes the double helix structure of DNA and the enzyme-driven process of replication. For transcription and gene expression, it explains how DNA is transcribed into mRNA and how gene expression is regulated. For translation, it outlines how mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain through the process of protein synthesis.
Biotechnology Chapter Four Lecture- DNA
This document provides an introduction to studying DNA. It describes the structure and function of DNA, including the double helix structure formed by base pairing between nucleotides. It also differentiates between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA structure and regulation. Key aspects covered include DNA replication, bacterial culture techniques, plasmid vectors, operon regulation in prokaryotes, and gene expression in eukaryotes. The learning outcomes focus on understanding DNA structure and function, differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, viral applications in genetic engineering, and gel electrophoresis techniques.
DNA Replication- General Concepts of DNA Replication.ppt
A reaction in which daughter DNAs are synthesized using the parental DNAs as the template.
Transferring the genetic information to the descendant generation with a high fidelity
Semi-conservative replication
Bidirectional replication
Semi-continuous replication
High fidelity
Replication starts from unwinding the dsDNA at a particular point (called origin), followed by the synthesis on each strand.
The parental dsDNA and two newly formed dsDNA form a Y-shape structure called replication fork.
UNIT IV Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information.pptx
Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides
Catabolism of purine nucleotides, Hyperuricemia and Gout disease
Organization of mammalian genome
Structure of DNA and RNA and their functions
DNA replication (semi-conservative model)
Transcription or RNA synthesis
7.1 dna & replication
The document discusses the structure and replication of DNA. It explains that DNA has a double helix structure that allows it to efficiently store and replicate genetic information. DNA replication is carried out by a complex system of enzymes and involves unwinding the DNA double helix, synthesizing new strands to complement the existing strands, and joining fragments on the lagging strand. While most of the DNA codes for proteins, some regions have important regulatory functions or code for other molecules like tRNAs.
281 lec9 elements_ofreplication
This document introduces the key elements needed for DNA replication in prokaryotes. It discusses the DNA template, building blocks (dNTPs), and proteins/enzymes involved. The main proteins/enzymes that are introduced are: DNA polymerase, which adds new nucleotides; helicase, which unwinds the DNA; single-stranded DNA binding proteins, which prevent rewinding; primase, which adds RNA primers for initiation; and ligase, which seals nicks in the newly synthesized strand. The goal is to explain the chemistry and functions of each component to introduce how prokaryotic DNA replication occurs.
DNA replication in eukaryotes
DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA. It occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Initiation begins at origins of replication and involves unwinding of the DNA double helix by helicases. During elongation, DNA polymerases add nucleotides to build new strands based on the existing DNA templates. Termination occurs when the replication forks meet at the end of the DNA molecule. DNA replication is semi-conservative, meaning each new DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand of DNA.
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Replication
- 1. Lecture 4 – Molecular Biology Replication In Eukaryotes LO’s: • Enlist DNA Polymerases and their function in Eukaryotes • Give details of steps in DNA leading and Lagging Strand replication in Eukaryotes • Define Telomeres and telomerases • Give functions of telomerases
- 2. Five Distinct Polymerases DNA Polymerase α: Responsible for RNA primer for both leading & Lagging strand. DNA Polymerase β: Involved in DNA repair and like of DNA polymerase I in Prokaryotes. DNA Polymerase ϒ: Involved in mitochondrial DNA replication. DNA Polymerase δ: Involved in replication of leading & lagging strands and proofreading activity. DNA Polymerase ε: Involved in proofreading activity of DNA replication.
- 3. Replication in Eukaryotes: Replication of DNA Leading strand: 1. DNA Polymerase δ 2. Sliding Clamp – Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) – 1st detected as an antigen in the nuclei of replication cell. 1. PCNA forms a ring around DNA to which DNA polymerase δ binds 2. Binding of Replication factor C (RFC)