This document discusses renewable energy and waste management. It provides an overview of renewable energy sources like solar, wind and hydro power. Solar energy is discussed in detail, including its use in transportation like solar cars, boats and aerospace projects. The document also discusses types of waste like solid and liquid waste. Plastic waste is a major issue and the document outlines plastic waste composition and hazards. It emphasizes the importance of plastic recycling to deal with plastic waste.

1. RENEWABLE ENERGY
&
WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
PREPARED BY- ARUN KUMAR RAI
G.L.BAJAJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
5TH SEMESTER, SECTION-B (B2)
ROLL NO: 1319240906

2. RENEWABLE ENERGY
 Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that
comes from resources which are naturally replenished
on a human timescale such
as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal
heat

3. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas:
 electricity generation
 hot water/space heating,
 motor fuels,
 rural (off-grid) energy services.

4. TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

5. POWER SECTOR AT A GLANCE- IN
Total Installed Capacity:
Sector
INDIA
MW %age
State Sector
90,062.14 39.37
Central Sector
65,732.94 28.73
Private Sector
72,926.66 31.88
Total
2,28,721.73

6. Fuel
MW %age
Total Thermal
155968.99 68.19
Coal 134,388.39 58.75
Gas 20,380.85 8.91
Oil 1,199.75 0.52
Hydro Power
39,788.40 17.39
Nuclear
4,780.00 2.08
REST
28,184.35 12.32
Total
2,28,721.73 100.00

7. MAINSTREAM RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES
 Wind power
 Hydropower
 Solar energy
 Biomass
 Biofuel
 Tidal power

8. Solar Energy
 Radiant energy emitted by sun
 Originates with the thermonuclear fusion reactions
occurring in the sun.
The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) of incoming
solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere.
 The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere,
oceans and land masses is approximately
3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year.

9. India Has A Lot of Sun Light
 Sunlight on the surface of earth is the radiation received
from sun.
 India has adequate sunshine available for most parts of
the year, including rural areas.
The amount of solar energy impacting the surface of
earth is 1000 watts per square meter, which is about 32.8
million MW every second on the Indian land mass.
A large part of the incident heat is reflected to the outer
space or radiated back to space.

10. APPLICATION OF SOLAR ENERGY
 In Agriculture & Horticulture
 In Transport sector
 In Electric Power Production
 In Water Heating & Water Treatment Process
 In Cooking & Space Heating

11. Solar Energy- In Transportation
Sector
 Solar cars
 Solar boats
 Solar Planes
 Also Highly Used In Aerospace Industry

12. SOLAR VEHICLE’S
 A solar vehicle is an electric vehicle powered
completely or significantly by direct solar energy.
 It uses photovoltaic (PV) cells contained in solar
panels convert the sun's energy directly into electric
energy.

13. For Example
(Solar Car)

15. Solar Boat
 In 2010, the PlanetSolar, a 30 metre long, 15.2 metre
wide catamaran yacht powered by 470 square metres
of solar panels, was unveiled.
 It is set to circumnavigate the Earth and is so far the
largest solar-powered boat ever built.

16. (Planet Solar)

17. In AEROSPACE- Solar Impulse Project

18. About Solar Impulse Project
 It is a swiss project
 Designed by aeronaut Bertrand Piccard & his friends
 It is first piloted fixed-wing aircraft
 using only solar power
Developed its concept between 2004-2005
 The inaugural flight took place on 2 June 2014

19. Data from SOLAR IMPULSE PROJECT
 General characteristics
• Crew: 1
• Length: 21.85 m (71.7 ft)
• Wingspan: 63.4 m (208 ft)
• Height: 6.40 m (21.0 ft)
• Wing area: 11,628 photovoltaic cells rated at 45 kW peak: 200
m2 (2,200 sq ft)
• Aspect ratio: 19.7
• Loaded weight: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb)
• Max. takeoff weight: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb)
• Power plant : 4 × electric motors, powered by 4 x 21 kWh lithium-ion
batteries (450 kg), providing 7.5 kW (10 HP) each
• Propeller diameter: 3.5 m at 200 to 400 rpm (11 ft)
• Take-off speed: 35 kilometres per hour (22 mph)

20. Performance Specification
 Performance
• Cruise speed: 70 kilometres per hour (43 mph)
• Endurance: 36 hours (projected)
• Service ceiling: 8,500 m (27,900 ft) with a
maximum altitude of 12,000 metres (39,000 ft)

21. Other Projects
From 1970 many experimental projects were launched-
 Sunrise- 1973
 Solar Riser- 1979
 Solar Challenger- 1981
 and NASA Projects (NASA Environmental Research
Aircraft and Sensor Technology) like HELIOS &
CENTURION.

22. Other Projects
(NASA Project HELIOS During Test Flight)

23. Other Projects
(PATHFINDER DURING TEST FLIGHT)

24. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
 All chemical and radioactive polluting byproducts of the
thermonuclear reactions remain behind on the sun, while
only pure radiant energy reaches the Earth.
Energy reaching the earth is incredible. By one
calculation, 30 days of sunshine striking the Earth have
the energy equivalent of the total of all the planet’s fossil
fuels, both used and unused!
Disadvantages
Sun does not shine consistently.
Solar energy is a diffuse source. To harness it, we must
concentrate it into an amount and form that we can use,
such as heat and electricity.
Addressed by approaching the problem through:
1) collection, 2) conversion, 3) storage

25. FINAL THOUGHT
Argument that sun provides power only during the
day is countered by the fact that 70% of energy
demand is during daytime hours. At night,
traditional methods can be used to generate the
electricity.
Goal is to decrease our dependence on fossil fuels.
Currently, 75% of our electrical power is generated
by coal-burning and nuclear power plants.
Reduce the effects of acid rain, carbon dioxide, and
other impacts of burning coal and counters risks
associated with nuclear energy.
 pollution free, indefinitely sustainable

26. WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE:
 Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse,
garbage, junk, litter, and ort) is unwanted or useless
materials.
 In biology, waste is any of the many unwanted
substances or toxins that are expelled from living
organisms, metabolic waste; such as urea and sweat.

27. KIND OF WASTE
Solid wastes: Wastes in solid forms, domestic, commercial
and industrial wastes
Examples: Plastics, Plastic containers, Bottles, Cans, Papers,
Scrap Iron, and other trash
Liquid Wastes: Wastes in liquid form
Examples: Domestic washings, Chemicals, Oils, Waste water
from ponds, Manufacturing industries and other sources

28. Classification of Wastes according to
their Properties
Bio-degradable:
can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)
Non-biodegradable:
cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines,
cans, containers and others)

29. Classification of Wastes according to
their Effects on Human Health and the
Environment
Hazardous wastes
Substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially,
agriculturally, or economically and have any of the
following properties- ignitability, reactivity &
toxicity.
Non-hazardous
Substances safe to use commercially, industrially,
agriculturally, or economically and do not have any
of those properties mentioned above.
These substances usually create disposal problems.

30. Plastic Waste

31. Plastic Waste Composition
Plastic Waste Composition
PE, PP, PS, PVC, PET - 80%
PC, ABS, Thermacol, Melamine - 20%
 90% of the plastic types are recyclable.

32. Plastic Waste Hazards
 Emitting of polluting gases while burning in open
 Interference in MSW processing and land filling
operation
 Occupational health hazard
 Littering of plastics leads to environmental concerns
 Contamination of soil and ground waster

33. Plastic Recycling
 Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or
waste plastic and reprocessing the material into useful
products, sometimes completely different in form from
their original state.
 Plastics are also recycled during the manufacturing
process of plastic goods such as polyethylene film and
bags.

34. Plastic Identification Code

35. Final View

36. THANK YOU