Remote sensing and GIS techniques can be used to map minerals, oil, and groundwater. For minerals, accommodation zones between faults can localize magmatic material and mineralized fluids, and be identified in satellite images showing brecciation and fault patterns. Oil and gas exploration uses airborne magnetic and gravity surveys integrated with high resolution satellite imagery and DEMs for 3D visualization. Groundwater mapping involves literature review, image interpretation to create spatial databases, field reconnaissance, spatial analysis of data, and identifying recommended recharge structures by analyzing IRS satellite images, groundwater table maps, DEM elevation data, and resistivity curve modeling from electrical soundings.

1. Remote Sensing And
GIS Application In
Mineral , Oil , Ground
Water Mapping
By
Swetha A

2. Introduction
• Mineral
• Oil
• Ground Water

3. Minerals
 ACCOMMODATION ZONES
 Deep-crustal breaks that often become syntectonic volcanic
centers because they localize the magmatic material, thus
becoming an elongated volcanic and plutonic center that intrudes
existing fault zones and provides the thermodynamic energy to
drive mineralized fluids
 Increase in brecciation and the number of faults with a net
decrease in the average fault slip within the accommodation zone
 Localized compressional stress regime forms anticlinal
culminations located structurally up-dip from the normal faults it
separates or "accommodates" on either side

4. Diagrammatic representation of opposite polarity tilt patterns in extensional
terrenes as separated by a strike-slip or transfer fault (A) or an accommodation zone
(B).

5. Landsat TM 741 color composite image of the southern Colorado River
illustrating extensional faults and the newly interpreted accommodation zone.

6. Saline Valley,
California —
ASTER
visible and near infrared
bands 3, 2, and 1 in red,
green, and blue (RGB)
short wavelength
infrared bands 4, 6,
and 8 as RGB
thermal infrared
bands 13, 12 and
10 as RGB

7. Valuable data for the planning and
exploration program
• The advantage of creating large scale area maps which allows them to
examine in single scenes or in mosaics the geological portrayal of Earth
on a regional basis.
• The ability to analyze multispectral bands quantitatively in terms of
numbers permits them to apply special image processing techniques to
discern and enhance certain compositional properties of Earth materials.
• The capability of merging different types of remote sensing products
(e.g., reflectance images with radar or with thermal imagery) or
combining these with topographic elevation data (DEMs) and with other
kinds of information bases (e.g., thematic maps; geophysical
measurements and chemical sampling surveys) enables views of existing
or planning of proposed mines.
• Mapping subregional surface geology.
• Creating field exploration maps with detailed views of access roads.

8. Pleiades-1A (0.5m) Satellite Image
Bingham Canyon Copper Mine - Utah, USA

9. Geological Interpretation using ASTER, DEM and 8-Band MS WorldView-2 Ima

10. 1 Meter DEM Pleiades-1A Triple Stereo Satellite Imagery Bingham Canyon Coppe

11. Bingham Canyon Copper Mine, Utah, USA — ArcScene 3D View —
Pleiades-1A

13. ASTER (15m) Satellite Images of Escondida open-pit mine in Atacama
Desert, Chile

14. The Morenci open-pit copper mine in southeast Arizona is North America's
leading producer of copper.

16. Oil

17. subsurface oil
well

18. Exploration
• Oil and gas exploration activities for large areas
require airborne magnetic or ground gravity surveys
to facilitate detailed geological interpretations for
subsurface features.
• By utilizing orthorectified high resolution satellite
image data and Digital Terrain Models (DTMs)
generated from Stereo Satellite or Airborne sensors,
SIC delivers detailed computer visualization
environments for desktop programs such as ArcGIS
9.x with Spatial Analyst and 3D Analyst with
DSM/DEM posting intervals from 3m to 90m.

20. utch Harbor - ArcScene 3D Terrain Computer Environment - IKONOS and
5m DEM

21. ArcGIS Exploration and Production - Albania

24. Deepwater Horizon Gulf Oil Spill

26. Ground Water

27. METHODOLOGY
• Pre-field
• Literature Survey and data Collection
• Image interpretation and creation of spatial database
• Field Reconnaissance
• Ground truthing for spatial database
• Finalization of the spatial database
• Field Work
• Spatial Analysis of Data
• Recommended recharge structures

28. Flowchart for groundwater exploration

30. IRS LISS II standard FCC (Geo corrected) image of Dhanbad District.

31. Ground Water Table depth map (after CGWB Report, 2000).

32. SRTM -Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Dhanbad District

33. Vertical Electrical Sounding Resistivity curve and modeled section

35. Conclusion

36. THANK YOU
Any queries