This document proposes algorithms to optimize communication quality in robot networks by computing optimal formations of relay vehicles. For a single remote unit, it computes a relay chain using a modified breadth-first search on a layered graph. For multiple units, it computes a minimum-cost relay tree using Steiner tree algorithms. The algorithms run in polynomial time and were tested in simulations and hardware experiments.
Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate designIeee Xpert
Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design
I am Martin J. I am a Digital Signal Processing Assignment Expert at matlabassignmentexperts.com. I hold a Ph.D. in Matlab, Arizona University, USA. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 6 years. I solve assignments related to Digital Signal Processing.
Visit matlabassignmentexperts.com or email info@matlabassignmentexperts.com.
You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Digital Signal Processing Assignments.
High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplicati...Ieee Xpert
High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m) High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m) High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m) High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange Ieee Xpert
High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange
Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate designIeee Xpert
Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design
I am Martin J. I am a Digital Signal Processing Assignment Expert at matlabassignmentexperts.com. I hold a Ph.D. in Matlab, Arizona University, USA. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 6 years. I solve assignments related to Digital Signal Processing.
Visit matlabassignmentexperts.com or email info@matlabassignmentexperts.com.
You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Digital Signal Processing Assignments.
High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplicati...Ieee Xpert
High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m) High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m) High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m) High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange Ieee Xpert
High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange
Flexible dsp accelerator architecture exploiting carry save arithmeticNexgen Technology
2016 ieee project ,2016-2017 ieee projects, application projects, best ieee projects, bulk final year projects, bulk ieee projects ,diploma projects electrical engineering electrical engineering projects ,final year application projects, final year csc projects, final year cse project, final year it projects ,final year project, final year projects, final year projects in chennai ,final year projects in coimabtore, final year projects in hyderabad, final year projects in pondicherry final year projects in rajasthan ,ieee based projects for ece, ieee final year projects, ieee master, ieee project, ieee project 2015 ,ieee project 2016, ieee project centers in pondicherry ,ieee project for eee, ieee projects, ieee projects ,2015-2016 ieee projects, 2016-2017 ieee projects, cse ieee projects, cse 2015 ieee projects, cse 2016 ieee projects for cse ,ieee projects for it, ieee projects in bangalore, ieee projects in chennai, ieee projects in coimbatore, ieee projects in hyderabad ,ieee projects in madurai ,ieee projects in maharashtra ,ieee projects in mumbai, ieee projects in odisha, ieee projects in orissa, ieee projects in pondicherry, ieee projects in pondy ,ieee projects in pune, ieee projects in uttarakhand, ieee projects titles, 2015-2016 latest projects for eee, NEXGEN TECHNOLOGY mtech ieee projects mtech projects 2016-2017 mtech projects in chennai mtech, projects in cuddalore ,mtech projects in neyveli, mtech projects in panruti, mtech projects in pondicherry, mtech projects in tindivanam, mtech projects in villupuram, online ieee projects ,phd guidance, project for engineering ,project titles for ece
Area, Delay and Power Comparison of Adder TopologiesVLSICS Design
Adders form an almost obligatory component of every contemporary integrated circuit. The prerequisite of the adder is that it is primarily fast and secondarily efficient in terms of power consumption and chip area. This paper presents the pertinent choice for selecting the adder topology with the tradeoff between delay, power consumption and area. The adder topology used in this work are ripple carry adder, carry lookahead adder, carry skip adder, carry select adder, carry increment adder, carry save adder and carry bypass adder. The module functionality and performance issues like area, power dissipation and propagation delay are analyzed at 0.12µm 6metal layer CMOS technology using microwind tool.
MODIFIED LLL ALGORITHM WITH SHIFTED START COLUMN FOR COMPLEXITY REDUCTIONijwmn
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are playing an important role in the recent wireless
communication. The complexity of the different systems models challenge different researches to get a good
complexity to performance balance. Lattices Reduction Techniques and Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovàsz (LLL)
algorithm bring more resources to investigate and can contribute to the complexity reduction purposes.
In this paper, we are looking to modify the LLL algorithm to reduce the computation operations by
exploiting the structure of the upper triangular matrix without “big” performance degradation. Basically,
the first columns of the upper triangular matrix contain many zeroes, so the algorithm will perform several
operations with very limited income. We are presenting a performance and complexity study and our
proposal show that we can gain in term of complexity while the performance results remains almost the
same.
Modification on Energy Efficient Design of DVB-T2 Constellation De-mapperIJERA Editor
The second generation of terrestrial digital video broadcasting standard (DVB-T2) offers several advantages for greater efficiency. Signal Space Diversity (SSD) contains rotated constellation and Q-Delay (RQD), which is one of advantage that offered to improve the performance over fading channels compared to the non-rotated modulation. In this journal, the proposed low-power de-mapper design of this work attempts to employ the introduced SSD to reduce power through replacing LLR calculations by a significantly less complex projection-based de-mapping whenever possible. It benefits from an algorithm that applies projection-based de-mapping to significantly reduce LLR computations without deteriorating performance. Two versions are introduced for hard de-mapping and soft de-mapping. The design uses several techniques simultaneously to be even more energy efficient without affecting the performance. Prototype results indicate significant reduction of LLR calculations as Eb/N0 increases with no performance degradation. The idea and energy saving techniques can be easily applied to any rotated constellation de-mapper.
A SEMI BLIND CHANNEL ESTIMATION METHOD BASED ON HYBRID NEURAL NETWORKS FOR UP...ijwmn
The paper describes how to improve channel estimation in Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple
Access (SC-FDMA) system, using a Hybrid Artificial Neural Networks (HANN). The 3rd Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) standards for uplink Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) uses pilot based
channel estimation technique. This kind of channel estimation method suffers from a considerable loss
ofbitrate due to pilot insertion; all data frame sent contains reference signal. The HANN converts data
aided channel estimator to semi blind channel estimator. To increase convergence speed, HANN uses some
channel propagation Fuzzy Rules to initialize Neural Network parameters before learning instead of a
random initialization, so its learning phase ismore rapidly compared to classic ANN.HANN allows more
bandwidth efficient and less complexity. Simulation results show that HANN has better computational
efficiency than the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) estimator and has faster convergence than
classic Neural Networks estimators.
Deformable Part Models are Convolutional Neural NetworksWei Yang
Girshick, Ross, et al. "Deformable part models are convolutional neural networks." Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2015.
The floating random walk (FRW) algorithm has several advantages for extracting interconnect capacitance. However, for multi-layer dielectrics in VLSI technology, the efficiency of FRW algorithm would be degraded due to the frequent stop of walk at dielectric interface. In this paper, an approach is proposed to calculate multi-dielectric Green's function, which is utilized to enable hops across dielectric interface in the FRW. Numerical results show that the proposed approach is about 4X faster than an existing method, and brings several times speedup to the FRW-based capacitance extraction for actual multi-dielectric interconnect structures.
Cycle’s topological optimizations and the iterative decoding problem on gener...Usatyuk Vasiliy
We consider several problem related to graph model related to error-correcting codes. From base problem of cycle broken, trapping set elliminating and bypass to fundamental problem of graph model. Thanks to the hard work of Michail Chertkov, Michail Stepanov and Andrea Montanari which inspirit me...
Slides presented at Applied Mathematics Day, Steklov Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences September 22, 2017 http://www.mathnet.ru/conf1249
FPGA Implementation of High Speed Architecture of CSLA using D-LatchesEditor IJMTER
Carry Select Adder (CSLA) is one of the fastest adders used in many data-processing
processors to perform fast arithmetic functions. The CSLA is used in many systems to overcome the
problem of carry propagation delay by independently generating multiple carries and then select a
carry to generate the sum. But the CSLA is not area efficient because it uses multiple pairs of Ripple
Carry Adders (RCA). Due to the rapidly growing mobile industry not only the faster arithmetic unit
but also less area and low power arithmetic units are needed. The modified CSLA architecture has
developed using Binary to Excess-1 converter (BEC). This paper proposes an efficient method which
replaces the BEC using D latch. Designs were developed using structural VHDL and synthesized in
Xilinx 13.2 with reference to FPGA device XC3S500E.
Hybrid protocol for wireless EH network over weibull fading channel: performa...IJECEIAES
In this paper, the hybrid TSR-PSR protocol for wireless energy harvesting (EH) relaying network over the Weibull fading channel is investigated. The system network is working in half-duplex (HD) mode. For evaluating the system performance, the closed-form and integral-form expressions of the outage probability (OP) are investigated and derived. After that, numerical results convinced that our derived analytical results are the same with the simulation results by using Monte Carlo simulation. This paper provides a novel recommendation for the wireless EH relaying network.
Flexible dsp accelerator architecture exploiting carry save arithmeticNexgen Technology
2016 ieee project ,2016-2017 ieee projects, application projects, best ieee projects, bulk final year projects, bulk ieee projects ,diploma projects electrical engineering electrical engineering projects ,final year application projects, final year csc projects, final year cse project, final year it projects ,final year project, final year projects, final year projects in chennai ,final year projects in coimabtore, final year projects in hyderabad, final year projects in pondicherry final year projects in rajasthan ,ieee based projects for ece, ieee final year projects, ieee master, ieee project, ieee project 2015 ,ieee project 2016, ieee project centers in pondicherry ,ieee project for eee, ieee projects, ieee projects ,2015-2016 ieee projects, 2016-2017 ieee projects, cse ieee projects, cse 2015 ieee projects, cse 2016 ieee projects for cse ,ieee projects for it, ieee projects in bangalore, ieee projects in chennai, ieee projects in coimbatore, ieee projects in hyderabad ,ieee projects in madurai ,ieee projects in maharashtra ,ieee projects in mumbai, ieee projects in odisha, ieee projects in orissa, ieee projects in pondicherry, ieee projects in pondy ,ieee projects in pune, ieee projects in uttarakhand, ieee projects titles, 2015-2016 latest projects for eee, NEXGEN TECHNOLOGY mtech ieee projects mtech projects 2016-2017 mtech projects in chennai mtech, projects in cuddalore ,mtech projects in neyveli, mtech projects in panruti, mtech projects in pondicherry, mtech projects in tindivanam, mtech projects in villupuram, online ieee projects ,phd guidance, project for engineering ,project titles for ece
Area, Delay and Power Comparison of Adder TopologiesVLSICS Design
Adders form an almost obligatory component of every contemporary integrated circuit. The prerequisite of the adder is that it is primarily fast and secondarily efficient in terms of power consumption and chip area. This paper presents the pertinent choice for selecting the adder topology with the tradeoff between delay, power consumption and area. The adder topology used in this work are ripple carry adder, carry lookahead adder, carry skip adder, carry select adder, carry increment adder, carry save adder and carry bypass adder. The module functionality and performance issues like area, power dissipation and propagation delay are analyzed at 0.12µm 6metal layer CMOS technology using microwind tool.
MODIFIED LLL ALGORITHM WITH SHIFTED START COLUMN FOR COMPLEXITY REDUCTIONijwmn
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are playing an important role in the recent wireless
communication. The complexity of the different systems models challenge different researches to get a good
complexity to performance balance. Lattices Reduction Techniques and Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovàsz (LLL)
algorithm bring more resources to investigate and can contribute to the complexity reduction purposes.
In this paper, we are looking to modify the LLL algorithm to reduce the computation operations by
exploiting the structure of the upper triangular matrix without “big” performance degradation. Basically,
the first columns of the upper triangular matrix contain many zeroes, so the algorithm will perform several
operations with very limited income. We are presenting a performance and complexity study and our
proposal show that we can gain in term of complexity while the performance results remains almost the
same.
Modification on Energy Efficient Design of DVB-T2 Constellation De-mapperIJERA Editor
The second generation of terrestrial digital video broadcasting standard (DVB-T2) offers several advantages for greater efficiency. Signal Space Diversity (SSD) contains rotated constellation and Q-Delay (RQD), which is one of advantage that offered to improve the performance over fading channels compared to the non-rotated modulation. In this journal, the proposed low-power de-mapper design of this work attempts to employ the introduced SSD to reduce power through replacing LLR calculations by a significantly less complex projection-based de-mapping whenever possible. It benefits from an algorithm that applies projection-based de-mapping to significantly reduce LLR computations without deteriorating performance. Two versions are introduced for hard de-mapping and soft de-mapping. The design uses several techniques simultaneously to be even more energy efficient without affecting the performance. Prototype results indicate significant reduction of LLR calculations as Eb/N0 increases with no performance degradation. The idea and energy saving techniques can be easily applied to any rotated constellation de-mapper.
A SEMI BLIND CHANNEL ESTIMATION METHOD BASED ON HYBRID NEURAL NETWORKS FOR UP...ijwmn
The paper describes how to improve channel estimation in Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple
Access (SC-FDMA) system, using a Hybrid Artificial Neural Networks (HANN). The 3rd Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) standards for uplink Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) uses pilot based
channel estimation technique. This kind of channel estimation method suffers from a considerable loss
ofbitrate due to pilot insertion; all data frame sent contains reference signal. The HANN converts data
aided channel estimator to semi blind channel estimator. To increase convergence speed, HANN uses some
channel propagation Fuzzy Rules to initialize Neural Network parameters before learning instead of a
random initialization, so its learning phase ismore rapidly compared to classic ANN.HANN allows more
bandwidth efficient and less complexity. Simulation results show that HANN has better computational
efficiency than the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) estimator and has faster convergence than
classic Neural Networks estimators.
Deformable Part Models are Convolutional Neural NetworksWei Yang
Girshick, Ross, et al. "Deformable part models are convolutional neural networks." Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2015.
The floating random walk (FRW) algorithm has several advantages for extracting interconnect capacitance. However, for multi-layer dielectrics in VLSI technology, the efficiency of FRW algorithm would be degraded due to the frequent stop of walk at dielectric interface. In this paper, an approach is proposed to calculate multi-dielectric Green's function, which is utilized to enable hops across dielectric interface in the FRW. Numerical results show that the proposed approach is about 4X faster than an existing method, and brings several times speedup to the FRW-based capacitance extraction for actual multi-dielectric interconnect structures.
Cycle’s topological optimizations and the iterative decoding problem on gener...Usatyuk Vasiliy
We consider several problem related to graph model related to error-correcting codes. From base problem of cycle broken, trapping set elliminating and bypass to fundamental problem of graph model. Thanks to the hard work of Michail Chertkov, Michail Stepanov and Andrea Montanari which inspirit me...
Slides presented at Applied Mathematics Day, Steklov Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences September 22, 2017 http://www.mathnet.ru/conf1249
FPGA Implementation of High Speed Architecture of CSLA using D-LatchesEditor IJMTER
Carry Select Adder (CSLA) is one of the fastest adders used in many data-processing
processors to perform fast arithmetic functions. The CSLA is used in many systems to overcome the
problem of carry propagation delay by independently generating multiple carries and then select a
carry to generate the sum. But the CSLA is not area efficient because it uses multiple pairs of Ripple
Carry Adders (RCA). Due to the rapidly growing mobile industry not only the faster arithmetic unit
but also less area and low power arithmetic units are needed. The modified CSLA architecture has
developed using Binary to Excess-1 converter (BEC). This paper proposes an efficient method which
replaces the BEC using D latch. Designs were developed using structural VHDL and synthesized in
Xilinx 13.2 with reference to FPGA device XC3S500E.
Hybrid protocol for wireless EH network over weibull fading channel: performa...IJECEIAES
In this paper, the hybrid TSR-PSR protocol for wireless energy harvesting (EH) relaying network over the Weibull fading channel is investigated. The system network is working in half-duplex (HD) mode. For evaluating the system performance, the closed-form and integral-form expressions of the outage probability (OP) are investigated and derived. After that, numerical results convinced that our derived analytical results are the same with the simulation results by using Monte Carlo simulation. This paper provides a novel recommendation for the wireless EH relaying network.
ECE 478578 Fundamentals of Computer NetworksProject # 1..docxtidwellveronique
ECE 478/578: Fundamentals of Computer Networks
Project # 1. The Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) of 802.11
1 Preliminaries
• Read the project description. When you are finished reading it, read it again.
• You must form a group of two people. If you do not have a partner please post on Piazza (Use
the "Search for teammate" post)
• You are free to use a programming language of your choice.
2 Project Description
You are to study the performance of multiple access protocols in a wireless setting. Consider the network
shown in Figure 1. The circles denote the communication range R of each station. We are interested in
the following two scenarios:
A. Concurrent Communications: Stations A,B,C, and D of Figure 1(a) are within the same
collision domain (any transmission is received by all). Communication takes place between pairs A→ B
and C → D. Traffic is generated at A and C according to a Poisson arrival process with parameters λA
and λC , respectively.
B. Hidden Terminals: Stations A,B, and C of Figure 1(b), belong to two collision domains.
Communication takes place between pairs A→ B and C → B. Traffic is generated at A and C according
to a Poisson arrival process with parameters λA and λC , respectively.
For each scenario, compute relevant performance metrics for the following multiple access protocols.
A time-slotted system is assumed.
1. CSMA with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) according to the 802.11 DCF function.
(a) A station Tx ready to transmit (when a frame has arrived for transmission from the upper
layers of the network stack) selects a random backoff value in [0, CW0 − 1]. It first senses the
channel for an initial period of DIFS time.
(b) If the channel is busy, Tx (and every other station with a frame for transmission) monitors
the channel until it becomes idle. When the channel becomes idle, Tx decrements his counter
by one with every idle slot. If the channel becomes busy, Tx freezes its backoff counter. When
the counter reaches zero, Tx transmits its frame.
(c) If the frame is successfully received (no collision) by Rx, the station Rx replies with an ACK
frame after SIFS time. This completes the transmission round and the protocol repeats for
the next transmission. For successive transmissions, the station has to sense for DIFS time
before starting the countdown.
(d) If a collision occurs, the stations that collided double their contention window CW and repeat
the backoff process. After k collisions, the backoff value is selected from [0, 2kCW0 − 1]. The
CW value cannot exceed threshold CWmax.
1
A B
C D
A B C
R
(a) (b)
Figure 1: (a) Topology for parallel transmissions within the same collision domain, (b) topology for
parallel transmissions when A and C are hidden terminals.
2. CSMA/CA with virtual carrier sensing enabled: RTS and CTS frames are exchanged before the
transmission of a frame. If RTS transmissions collide, stations invoke the exponential backoff
mechanism outlined in 1(c). Otherwise,.
Employing non-orthogonal multiple access scheme in UAV-based wireless networksjournalBEEI
This paper studies the two-hop transmission relying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relays which is suitable to implement in the internet of things (IoT) systems. To enhance system performance in order to overcome the large scale fading between the base station (BS) and destination as well as achieve the higher spectrum efficiency, where non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) strategies were typically applied for UAV relays to implement massive connections transmission. In particular, outage probability is evaluated via signal to noise ratio (SNR) criterion so that the terminal node can obtain reasonable performance. The derivations and analysis results showed that the considered fixed power allocation scheme provides performance gap among two signals at destination.The numerical simulation confirmed the exactness of derived expressions in the UAV assisted system.
CONCURRENT TERNARY GALOIS-BASED COMPUTATION USING NANO-APEX MULTIPLEXING NIBS...VLSICS Design
Novel realizations of concurrent computations utilizing three-dimensional lattice networks and their
corresponding carbon-based field emission controlled switching is introduced in this article. The
formalistic ternary nano-based implementation utilizes recent findings in field emission and nano
applications which include carbon-based nanotubes and nanotips for three-valued lattice computing via
field-emission methods. The presented work implements multi-valued Galois functions by utilizing
concurrent nano-based lattice systems, which use two-to-one controlled switching via carbon-based field
emission devices by using nano-apex carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes that were presented in the first
part of the article. The introduced computational extension utilizing many-to-one carbon field-emission
devices will be further utilized in implementing congestion-free architectures within the third part of the
article. The emerging nano-based technologies form important directions in low-power compact-size
regular lattice realizations, in which carbon-based devices switch less-costly and more-reliably using
much less power than silicon-based devices. Applications include low-power design of VLSI circuits for
signal processing and control of autonomous robots.
CONCURRENT TERNARY GALOIS-BASED COMPUTATION USING NANO-APEX MULTIPLEXING NIBS...VLSICS Design
Novel realizations of concurrent computations utilizing three-dimensional lattice networks and their
corresponding carbon-based field emission controlled switching is introduced in this article. The
formalistic ternary nano-based implementation utilizes recent findings in field emission and nano
applications which include carbon-based nanotubes and nanotips for three-valued lattice computing via
field-emission methods. The presented work implements multi-valued Galois functions by utilizing
concurrent nano-based lattice systems, which use two-to-one controlled switching via carbon-based field
emission devices by using nano-apex carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes that were presented in the first
part of the article. The introduced computational extension utilizing many-to-one carbon field-emission
devices will be further utilized in implementing congestion-free architectures within the third part of the
article. The emerging nano-based technologies form important directions in low-power compact-size
regular lattice realizations, in which carbon-based devices switch less-costly and more-reliably using
much less power than silicon-based devices. Applications include low-power design of VLSI circuits for
signal processing and control of autonomous robots.
Adaptive Ant Colony Optimization for Service Function Chaining in a Dynamic 5...Antonio Mora
Paper published at the last International Work Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (IWANN 2021).
ABSTRACT:
5G Networks are strongly dependent on software-based management and processing. Services offered inside this environment are composed of several Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) that must be executed in a (normally) strict order. This is known as Service Function Chaining (SFC) and, given that those VNFs could be placed in different nodes along the network together with the expected low latency in the processing of 5G services, makes SFC a tough optimization problem.
In a previous work, the authors presented an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm for the minimization of the routing cost of service chain composition, but it was a preliminary approach able to solve simple and 'static' instances (i.e. network topology is invariable). Thus, in this work we describe an evolution of our previous proposal, which consider a dynamic model of the problem, closer to the real scenario. So, in the instances nodes and links can be removed suddenly or, on the
contrary, they could arise. The ACO algorithm will be able to adapt to these changes and still yield optimal solutions. The Adaptive Ant-SFC method has been tested in three dynamic instances with different sizes, obtaining very promising results.
This paper presents a design and implementation of FPGA based Bose, Chaudhuri and Hocquenghem (BCH) codes for wireless communication applications. The codes are written in VHDL (Very High Speed Hardware Description Language). Here BCH decoder (15, 5, and 3) is implemented and discussed. And decoder uses serial input and serial output architecture. BCH code forms a large class of powerful random error correcting cyclic codes. BCH operates over algebraic structure called finite fields and they are binary multiple error correcting codes. BCH decoder is implemented by syndrome calculation circuit, the BMA (Berlekamp-Massey algorithm) and Chien search circuit. The codecs are implemented over cyclone FPGA device.
Multi carrier equalization by restoration of redundanc y (merry) for adaptive...IJNSA Journal
This paper proposes a new blind adaptive channel shortening approach for multi-carrier systems. The
performance of the discrete Fourier transform-DMT (DFT-DMT) system is investigated with the proposed
DST-DMT system over the standard carrier serving area (CSA) loop1. Enhanced bit rates demonstrated
and less complexity also involved by the simulation of the DST-DMT system.
Performance Analysis of Differential Beamforming in Decentralized NetworksIJECEIAES
This paper proposes and analyzes a novel differential distributed beamforming strategy for decentralized two-way relay networks. In our strategy, the phases of the received signals at all relays are synchronized without requiring channel feedback or training symbols. Bit error rate (BER) expressions of the proposed strategy are provided for coherent and differential M-PSK modulation. Upper bounds, lower bounds, and simple approximations of the BER are also derived. Based on the theoretical and simulated BER performance, the proposed strategy offers a high system performance and low decoding complexity and delay without requiring channel state information at any transmitting or receiving antenna. Furthermore, the simple approximation of the BER upper bound shows that the proposed strategy enjoys the full diversity gain which is equal to the number of transmitting antennas.
Singular Value Decomposition: Principles and Applications in Multiple Input M...IJCNCJournal
The authors discuss the importance of using the singular value decomposition (SVD) in computing the capacity of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and in estimation the channel gain from the transmitter to the receiver. Examples that show how the SVD simplifies computing the MIMO channel capacity are discussed. Numerical results that show what factors determine the performance of using SVD in channel
estimation are also discussed.
Exact network reconstruction from consensus signals and one eigen valueIJCNCJournal
The basic inverse problem in spectral graph theory consists in determining the graph given its eigenvalue
spectrum. In this paper, we are interested in a network of technological agents whose graph is unknown,
communicating by means of a consensus protocol. Recently, the use of artificial noise added to consensus
signals has been proposed to reconstruct the unknown graph, although errors are possible. On the other
hand, some methodologies have been devised to estimate the eigenvalue spectrum, but noise could interfere
with the elaborations. We combine these two techniques in order to simplify calculations and avoid
topological reconstruction errors, using only one eigenvalue. Moreover, we use an high frequency noise to
reconstruct the network, thus it is easy to filter the control signals after the graph identification. Numerical
simulations of several topologies show an exact and robust reconstruction of the graphs.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
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Relay Vehicle Formations for Optimizing Communication Quality in Robot Networks
1. 1 / 26
Relay Vehicle Formations for Optimizing
Communication Quality in Robot Networks
Md Mahbubur Rahman
Leonardo Bobadilla
Franklin Abodo
Brian Rapp
SCIS, Florida International University
September 27, 2017
3. Motivation
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
3 / 26
Communication relay has vital importance in military, mining,
surveillance and rescue missions, where robots are remotely
controlled by an operator (e.g, drone) who stays in a safe location.
Problem: Wireless signal over distance degrades. Obstacles, terrain,
weather condition further attenuates the signal.
Solution: Relay robots are placed in between the operator and
remotely placed robotic units.
Unmanned Ground Vehicle Intermediate relays
4. Two Research Problems
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
4 / 26
1. Single Remote Unit: Chain of intermediate relays.
2. Multiple Remote Units: A spanning tree of relays and units.
** Where to place the given number of relays to achieve maximum signal
quality?
Relay Chain Relay Tree
5. Literature Review
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
5 / 26
Burdakov’10: Discretizes the environment into a grid and uses k-Hop
Bellman Ford algorithm to find the shortest sequence of grid points.
No reusable data structure is developed like us.
Tekdas and Volkan ’10: A dynamic programming solution is proposed
and the running time of the algorithm which is O(nm), compared to
our polynomial time algorithm with a running time of O(mn2)
(n=number of points on a grid and m=number of available relays).
Dixon and Frew’12: Do not consider obstacles and use aircraft as
relays that are not static and orbit around a control point. Therefore,
the solution cannot guarantee uninterrupted service for large
geographical area.
Common Drawbacks:
***Additionally, no reusability of solution is possible for the above works.
***Existing literature do not consider multiple remote units.
6. Problem Formulation
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
6 / 26
m relay vehicles, A1, A2, . . . , Am and p mobile units
B1, B2, . . . , Bp and one static operator K.
K, Ai and Bj all are represented with configurations (x, y) ∈ E.
Free space communication cost, fF between ρ1 and ρ2,
fF (ρ1, ρ2) =
γd2(ρ1, ρ2) if d(ρ1, ρ2) < dth
∞ otherwise
(1)
The signal loss in the presence of obstacles, fO(ρ1, ρ2, O), includes the
costs resulting from diffraction (fDF ), fading (fFA):
fO(ρ1, ρ2, O) =
0 if ρ1ρ2 has LoS
fDF (O) + fFA(O) otherwise
(2)
Finally, the total communication cost fC is defined as:
fC(ρ1, ρ2) = fF (ρ1, ρ2) + fO(ρ1, ρ2, O) (3)
7. Complexity and Solution to Relay Chain Problem
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
7 / 26
A bi-criteria shortest path decision problem was proven to be
NP-Complete (arkin’91) when we need to decide if a path with m + 1
links (for m relays) is the shortest.
The optimization version of calculating the shortest m + 1 link path is
NP-Hard.
A geometric Discretization process is applied to decompose the
plane.
A common method is to decompose the environment into a grid of n
points.
Uniform Grid Adaptive Grid Triangular Mesh
9. Steps of Computing the Relay Chain: Communication Graph
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
9 / 26
A graph G is computed where all the decomposed cells are
considered as the vertices.
An edge between two vertices represents the communication and the
weight is measured by the communication cost fC:
fC(ρ1, ρ2) = fF (ρ1, ρ2) + fO(ρ1, ρ2, O)
0
2
6
1
3
4
9
7
5
8
Figure 1: (a) A uniform grid; (b) Connected communication graph G with the
weights in fC;
10. Relay Chain: Layered Graph
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
10 / 26
Create a (m + 2)-layered graph if m relays are available.
Layer l0 contains a single node corresponding to the operator’s
position.
Each other layer li has n nodes corresponding to n grid points.
Edges between subsequent layers li and li+1 will follow G.E.
0
2
6
1
3
4
9
7
5
8
Figure 2: (b) Connected communication graph G with the weights in fC; (c)
Directed layered graph G generated from G.
11. Relay Chain: Modified BFS
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
11 / 26
Apply a modified BFS Algorithm with a hashmap that assigns the parents.
The running time is O(V + E) as every node and edge is visited once.
There are total (m + 1)(n − 1) + 1 nodes for m + 2 layers and the total number of edges is
at most |E| = (number of edges in m + 1 layers) + (number of edges in layer
l0) = m(n − 1)(n − 2) + n − 1 = O(mn2).
Algorithm 1 multiRelaySingleUnit(G(V, E))
1: G(V, E) = calculateGraph(G)
2: vs.cost = 0, and v.parent = NULL; ∀v ∈ V
3: Enqueue(Q, vs)
4: h[v.id] = ∞; ∀v ∈ G.V
5: while Q = ∅ do
6: u = Dequeue(Q)
7: for v ∈ u.Neighbors do
8: if u.cost + fC (u, v) < h[v.id] then
9: v.parent = u
10: v.cost = u.cost + fC (u, v)
11: h[v.id] = v.cost
12: Enqueue(Q, v)
13: end if
14: end for
15: end while
Directed layered graph G
Communication map M0
c
12. Extraction of a Relay Chain
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
12 / 26
Check unit position in layer lm+1: If found, backtrack all the way to
layer l0, otherwise check in a lower layer.
Resolution Completeness: Returns success if we find the unit node
in between layers l1 and lm+1. Otherwise return failure (no solution in
the current grid resolution).
At location 5 At location 8 At location 9
13. Relay Chain: Using Communication Map
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
13 / 26
Relay Increase: Two, three and four. Unit at cell 5 and operator at cell 0.
m=2 m=3 m=4
15. Second Problem: Connecting Multiple Units
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
15 / 26
Connect the p units through m available intermediate relays to a
static base operator.
Formation will be a tree instead of a chain. Has similarity to the
(p, m)-Steiner tree problems discussed in [Watel ’13].
This tree spans over p fixed terminal nodes and m variable nodes.
However, We must limit the unit nodes from branching.
Here is an instance of 2-units, 2-relays and 1-operator problem. The units
are at positions 4 and 9.
16. Relay Tree: Steps of Computing a Tree
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
16 / 26
Compute a min-cost tree, with exactly m relays, p units, and one operator.
p + 1 fixed nodes be VT = {vs} ∪ VB, where vs is the operator node
and VB ⊂ V is the set of nodes corresponding to the remote units.
Select m relay locations from the remaining n − p − 1 nodes. This
means
n−p−1
m sets of nodes are selected.
Create
n−p−1
m possible directed graphs. Unit nodes in a graph are
not allowed to have outgoing edges.
Compute min-Arborescence tree for all the
n−p−1
m graphs.
Select the best one in terms of communication cost.
0
2
1
4
9
0 2 3
9
4
Communication Graph Two Candidate Graphs
VT = {0, 9, 4}
17. Relay Tree: Complete Algorithm and Example
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
17 / 26
Algorithm 2 multiRelayMultiUnit(G(V, E))
1: VT = {vs} ∪ VB
2: ϑm = {ν ∈ P(V VT ) : |ϑ| = m}
3: for νi ∈ ϑm do
4: Vi = νi ∪ VT
5: Gi = computeDiGraph(Vi)
6: if Gi.connected() then
7: Ti = minArborescence(Gi)
8: T .add(Ti)
9: end if
10: end for
11: return failure if T = Null
12: return argmin
Ti∈T
[f
T
C (Ti)]
The loop of line 3 runs
n−p−1
m
times, which can
be simplified as O(nm
).
Tarjan’s algorithms runs in O(E + V log V ) =
O(m2
+ mp + p).
The worst case running time is O(nm
(m2
+
mp + p)).
0
2
1
4
9
0 1 2
4
9
(a) (b)
0 2 3
9
4
0 2
3
9
4
(c) (d)
Figure 3: (a) A sub-graph G1 con-
structed with ν1 = {v1, v2}; (b) Re-
sulting min-arborescence tree T1 of G1;
(c) Another candidate sub-graph G2 with
ν1 = {v2, v3}; and (d) Candidate tree
T2
18. Chain Formation on Line of Sight Based Systems
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
18 / 26
(a) (b) (c)
(d) (e) (f)
Figure 4: Multi relay chain simulation: (a) Four relays forming a chain; (b) and (c) Number of relays
are reduced to three and two, respectively; (d) Shadow region Φ1 for one relay; (e) and (f) Adaptive
grid decomposition for three relays and one relay.
19. Relay Chain Formation (Radio Network)
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
19 / 26
(a) (b) (c)
(d) (e) (f)
Figure 5: Communication can now be established through the obstacles: (a) Four relays, (b)
three relays and (c) one relay connecting the unit to the operator. (d), (e) and (f) are the adaptive grid
decomposition with four, three and two available relays, respectively.
20. Multi-Unit Multi-Relay Tree Formation
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
20 / 26
(a) (b) (c)
(d) (e) (f)
Figure 6: Multi-Relay Multi-Unit simulations. (a) and (b) show min-arborescence tree for two relays
serving four and six units, respectively; (c) shows three relays serving three units and (d) is a case of
three relays connecting five units; (e) and (f) are min-arborescence tree for four relays connecting the
units to the operator.
21. Hardware Experiment on Miniature World
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
21 / 26
(a) A* path planning (b) A chain formation
(c) Multi-Unit system (d) A tree formation
Video Link:https://youtu.be/r44K-HVONc4.
22. Experiment in ECS Corridor
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
22 / 26
(a) (b)
(c) (d) (e)
Figure 7: Large area deployment: (a) A corridor map; (b) Placements of relays as a chain formation;
(c) Maximum signal loss has been measured at 23 dB (decibel); (d) The maximum communication cost
was measured at 37 dB; (e) Three relays are deployed and the maximum link cost has been reduced
to 25 dB from 37 dB.
23. Comparison of Running Time with Best Known Solution
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
23 / 26
Our layered graph, G, computation takes slightly more time as it has redundant nodes.
Computation of reusable map Ms
c is faster for smaller environments as we use a modified BFS
algorithm on G, compared to a modified Bellman-Ford algorithm used by Brdakov’10.
We achieve significant improvements in the subsequent computations than Burdakov’10, as we
only need to extract a chain of relays from Ms
c instead of recomputing the entire data structure.
Table 1: Analysis of Running Time (in seconds)
Nodes Our Method Burdakov et el.
Building G+
Ms
c computation
Subsequent
Runs
Building G +
k-hop BF
Subsequent
Runs
361 6.70+0.438 0.0052 2.39+1.23 1.05
400 8.15+0.58 0.0067 2.66+1.62 1.50
625 23.82+2.41 0.0081 6.54+4.12 4.06
729 35.57+3.70 0.0079 11.39+7.78 7.23
900 49.86+8.01 0.0095 13.52+8.93 8.85
1089 85.01+14.07 0.012 23.03+14.51 14.87
24. Summary
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
24 / 26
Solution for a relay chain system using a m + 2-layered graph.
Developed a polynomial time algorithm through modifying a breadth
first search algorithm.
Estimate the optimal placements using min-Steiner tree algorithms
to serve multiple units.
Develop a hardware test-bed to perform real world experiments.
25. Future Research Direction
Introduction
Relay Chain
Computation
Relay Tree Computation
25 / 26
3D Relay placement can be computed with minimal modification.
Use other vehicles in an outdoor setup to test the impact of different
motion dynamics on signal strength.