This document contains information about an examination for an Embedded Systems course, including: - The exam is 3 hours long and worth 100 marks. Students must answer 5 full questions, selecting at least 2 from each part. - Part A covers topics like TCP/IP protocol layers, ARQ protocols, CSMA/CA, Ethernet, fast ethernet, and CDMA. - Part B covers topics like spanning trees, backbone network architectures, IP addressing, distance vector routing, multicast routing, UDP, TCP, and domain name resolution. - The exam tests students' understanding of key concepts in computer networks and distributed systems through questions requiring explanations, derivations, diagrams, and problem solving. Students must demonstrate comprehensive

1. USN 10EC71
2015
Time: 3 hrs. Marks:100
Note: Answer FIVE full questions, selecting
at least TWO questions from each part.
PART - A
1 a. Mention the layers of TCP/IP protocol suite and give brief explanation of protocols used in
the suite. (10 Marks)
b. Explain usage of existing loops, adaptive technology and discrete multitone technique in
2 a. Give design of selective repeat ARQ, and explain its working at sender site and receiver site.
b. Give frame format of HDLC protocol and explain all the fields in the iru*.. [13ffi:[]
3 a. Explain working of CSMA ICA with a flow diagram. ' (10 Marks)
b. A pure aloha network transmits 200 bit frames on a shared channel of 200 kbps. What is the
through put if system produces 1000 frames per second? (04 Marks)
c. Explain the idea of CDMA technique. (06 Marks)
a. Explain frame format of Ethernet MAC frame.
b. Describe topology, implementation and encoding in fast ethernet.
c. Give summary of standard ethernet implementations.
PART - B
a. Describe the three steps involved in finding spanning tree for the
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(10 Marks)
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b. Discuss the two most common architectures in backbone networks.
a. Explain classful addressing classes in IPV4.
b. Explain the different fields of IPVa datagram.
a. Explain initialization, sharing and updating in distance vector routing protocol. (10 Marks)
b. Discuss multicast distance vector routing and its implementation in DVMRP. (10 Marks)
a. Explain UDP datagram format. (04 Marks)
b. Describe three way hand shaking connection establishment and termination in TCP.
(08 Marks)
c. Mention atleast five generic and country domains and explain recursive and iterative
resolution. (08 Marks)
(10 Marks)
(10 Marks)
(10 Marks)
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*****

2. USN
Seventh Semester B.E. Degree Exa
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks:100
Note: 7. Answer any FIVE full questions, selecting
atleast TWO questions from each part.
2. Missing data may be suitably assumed.
PART-A .$u *-:
L a. With neat block schematic explain the working of an optical Iiber transmi6iori'link? nriefly
explain the characteristics and operating ranges of a key optical fiber link dotnponents.
(10 Marks)
b. Design a single mode guide for operating at 1, = 1.3pm with fuse$ s){oa core n1 = 1.458 with
NA = 0.3. SpeciS n2 and "a" for the mode. Will the gufte still be single mode if
10EC/T872
ly 2015
(04 Marks)
(06 Marks)
iii) Scattering loss;
(10 Marks)
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c. With neat sketches, explain with reference to ray optics ,i
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i) NA ii) Skew rays iii) Acceptance angle. :
2 a. Explain the following parameters: i) Absorption-; ii) Group delay;
iv) Chromatic dispersion; v) Bending loss. ,,,'
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b. The mean optical power launched into ffiflo]tical fiber link is 1.8mw and ttre fiber
attenuation is 1.8d8. Determine the m-a,ripl.iftr possible link length without repeaters when
the minimum optical power level regqirfl at detector is 4pw. Calculate the power received
in dBm after 10km. , i )
* (04 Marks)
c. Describe and explain signal distfuilin optical fibers. (06 Marks)
-
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3 a. With neat sketches, explaio the characteristics and function of the double hetero structure
device. .,r'13 (06 Marks)
b. A double heterojuncqiir.ir
-krGaAsP.
LED emitting a peak wave lengh of 1310nm has
radiative and non xlHliiive recombination times of 30 and 100ns respectively. The drive-{
cunent is 40m,ttpdlculate the bulk recombination life time, intemal quantum efficiency,
internal powel level. (04 Marks)
c. CompareJ&$.arberating characteristics of the Si, Ge and InGaAs with PIN and APD diodes.
(06 Marks)
6. a sryqOii afO has a quantum efficiency of 75Va at a wavelength of 900nm. Suppose 0.8ptw
oSMiA power produce a multiplied photocurrent of 10pA. Find the multiplication factor.
;; (04 Marks)
4,1dr Explain the function of a good connector? With neat sketches, explain the biconical femrle
}q connector. (06 Marks)
l* b. A four port multipart fiber FBT coupler has 60pw optical power launched into port 1. The
" measured output power at ports 2, 3 and 4 are 0.004, 26.0 arrd 27.5pw respectively.
Determine the excess loss, the insertion loss between the input and the output ports, the
cross talk and the split ratio of the device. (04 Marks)
c. With neat sketches, explain the role and types of splicing techniques used in OFC.
(06 Marks)
d. A GIF has a parabolic RI (cr = 2) and a core diameter of 50pm. Estimate the insertion loss
due to a 3pm lateral misalignment at a fiber joint when there is index matching and assign
i) Uniform illumination of all guided modes only
ii) Uniform illumination of all guided modes and leaky modes. (04 Marks)

3. 8a.
b.
lOEC/T872
PART - B
a. With neat sketches, explain the power full measurement tools for accessing the data
handling ability of a digital transmission system. (08 Marks)
b. Explain the various noise and disturbance associated with the signal detection system.
c. Write a note on analog receiver.
(06 Mar,trs)
(06 MahItS)
a. With neat sketches explain the optical power loss model for a point to point link- ',,( 'Marks)
b. Explain the basic elements of an analog link and the major noise contributionn ' '='i 108 Marks)
c. Explain the basic concept of sub carrier multiplexing. (04 Marks)
a. Explain the concept and basic tuning option of a tunable lasers and' depicit the relation
between tuning range, channel spacing and source spectral width. (06 Marks)
b. Explain the operation of 4 x 4 OADM ,
-', (04 Marks)
c. Explain the operation of Etalon. Design 4 channel multiplexing using TTF. (10 Marks)
Explain the possible applications of optical amplifier. (04 Marks)
With neat sketches, explain the simplifier energy level and various transition process of Er3'
in silica.
c. Explain the basic formats of STS N sonnet frame and STM-N-SDH frame.
d. Write a note on high speed light wave links.r.
-'i
(06 Marks)
(05 Marks)
(05 Marks)
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4. USN
Time: 3 hrs.
Seventh Semester 20L5
Max. Marks:100
10EC73
(06 Marks)
(08 Marks)
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(06 Marks)
(08 Marks)
MOSFET.
(08 Marks)
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Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, selecting
atleast TWO questions from each part.
P.{RT _ {
a. What is power electronics? State the applications of power electronics.
b. Give symbol, characteristics features of the following devices:
i) IGBT ii) TRIAC iii) GTO iv) MCT.
c. What are the peripheral effects of power electronic equipments and mention
a. Compare IGBT, MOSFET and BJT's. (04 Marks)
b. What is the need of a base drive control in a power transistor? Explpin proportional and anti-
saturation control.
c. With the necessary waveforms, explain the switching characteristics of a power
a. Explain the two transistor model of SCR and derive the formula
Io=
0rlo+I.ro, *I.ro,
(06 Marks)
1- (cr, + or)
b' With a neat sketch, explain turn-off characteristics of SCR. (06 Marks)
c' Design the snubber circuit elements Rs and Cs connected across the SCR, given that
{1rnu*)-180V/ps and *(rnu*)=45Alps. An inductor L = 0.1H and a resisrance
dt. / -- 'r--
dt.----'-,
R < < R5 are in series with the SCR with a 300V, DC applied to the circuit. (08 Marks)
a. With a neat diagram and waveforms, explain the principle of single phase full converter
purely resistive load. Derive the expression for voltage output and rms output voltage.
(10 Marks)
b. For the converter shown in Fig.Q.4(b) has a purely resistive load of R and the delay angle is
a = nl2 determine: i) the rectification efficiency; ii) the form factor; iii) ripple factor (RF);
iv) the TUF; v) PIV of thyristor. (10 Marks)
Fig.Q.aG)
1of )

5. 108C73
PART - B
a. Explain the self commutation with the help of neat sketch and obtain the expression for the
capacitor voltage and current. (0g Marks)
b. Compare natural and forced commutation. (04 Marks)
c. With the necessary circuit diagram and waveforms, explain the operation of a
complimentary commutation. (0E Marks)
6a.
b.
What are the application of AC voltage controller?
With the help of circuit diagram explain the operation of single phase AC
ON-OFF control. Derive the expression for rms value of load voltage.
A single phase AC voltage controller with R-L load has the followin,o
voltage =230Y,50H2, R = 4f) and WL = 3C), calculate:
i) The control range of firing angle.
ii) The maximum value of RMS load current.
iii) The maximum power and power factor.
iv) The maximum values of average and RMS thyristor current.
(04 Marks)
regulator using
(08 Marks)
details. Supply
(08 Marks)
inverter.
(08 Marks)
(06 Marks)
(06 Marks)
C.
a.
b.
c.
Give the classification of choppers. Explain class E-chopper with circuit and quadrant
diagram. (06 Marks)
With the help of neat circuit diagram and waveforms. Explain the working principle of a
step-up chopper. (06 Marks)
A step down chopper is operating at a frequency at 2kHz from a25OY dc source to supply a
load resistance of nA. The time constant of the load circuit is 10ms. If the average load
voltage is 150V, calculate: i) The ON-time tsi of the chopper; ii) The average and rms
values of load current and iii) the peak to peak ripple current. (08 Marks)
a- What do you mean by inverters? Explain the principle operation of 1-Q half bridge
b. write and explain the performance parameter of an inverter.
c. With a neat, circuit diagram explain the variable DC link inverter.
*8***
2of2

6. USN 10E,C74
Seventh Semester B.E. Degree Examifldffi, Sfihe/Julv 2015
Embedded System Design
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks:100
Note'An ';t;ryolitr#iffif;";lf* .&
o; I a. Explain the major elements
"r*.IfJJ*-$tem design and development *#*, "E suitable schematic. &. J (08 Mirkst
E b. Discuss the basic computing engines of an embedded system with qriqplletdiagrams for
E each. l
i
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_f, [31il::B
O fi 2 a. Discuss how an error can be propagated in the numbers reffitations. Explain with an
tr
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example. ().r- (0,6 Marks)
f 5 b. What are the various addressing modes in an instruction@ain each with an example.
lgl c. Briefly.explain the concept of an execution u"&rl' instruction * ""
lI#ill?
l $ application.
E* -lFt
(oTMerks)
g
E 3 a. List and explain the various types of memor$r (06 Mrrks)
I
'E b. With a neat diagam, explain the desigrolt 4K x 16 SRAM system. (08 Marks)
.E g c. Explain the following: i) Swappingr{ifOverlays. (06 Mrks)
trE ''H f 4 a. Briefly explain the comnon 1ffif. models of an embedded systems with a suitable
E S diagrams for each. ^(! (oE Marks)
gE b. Discuss the system desl6@ifications in an embedded systems with * "*r,"io, **ur,
€ € c. Enumerate the diffelph)letween functional model and architectural model. (M Marksi
Eg . bo" PARr-B
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E [ 5 a. What ls a t44]f exphin the different types of threads used in an operating system.
E 1' A$ (o6Msrks)
[.9 U. li.t gg{f}6r"nt tjpes of operating system services and explain them briefly. Also, discuss
; C thgp@fficance of the architecture of an operating systems. (08 Marks)
E E c. $[&a suitable schematic and program, explain the task control block. (06 Merks)
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$ $ 9- a.&Tyhh the different tpes-oJstacks used in the memory management. (06 Marks)
E $ -,.+. nil; th; significance of dupticate trardwarl-co;"";tr#Triili; diagram. l;; ffi;
F E, A' c. With a suitable code, explain how a simple Kemel will be developed. (08 Marks)
Si a. Explain the purpose of the complexity analysis by suggesting a suitable algorithm for that.
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(07 Marks)
b. With suitable examples, explain how the comparison of algorithms can be done. (06 Marks)
c. Discuss the design of a memory map used in memory loading, with an example. (07 Marks)
8 a. With suitable algorithms, explain the analysis of search and sort to determine their
complexity. (08 Marks)
b. What is time loading? Explain the primary methods used to compute the times. (06 Marks)
c. Explain the following: i) Polled loops ii) Co-routine. (06 Marks)

7. USN
3a.
b.
c.
10EC751
Max. Marks:1S0
(04 Marks)
(08 Marks)
(08 Marks)
(06 Marks)
Seventh Semester B.E. Degree Ex a min atlo;*ffi ne/July 2 0 1 s
DSP Algorithm and Architecture
Note: Answer uny FIW full questions, selecting
atleast TWO questions from each part.
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1a.
b.
c.
2a.
b.
PART _ A
With neat block diagram, explain digital signal processing system.
-{:
Explain common features of programmable digital signal processori i
Exp lain decimation and interpo lation pro cess.
Write the structure of 4 x 4 Braun multiplier and explainh*concept.
With the help of block diagram, explain progiam sequencer.
Write the block diagram of parallel iirrpilementation of 8 -
units. "r
It is required to find sum of 256 numbers each is represented by 16 bits. How many bits
should the accumulator have so that the sum is computed without overflow? It is decided to
have a accumulator with 16 bits, by how many bits each number is shifted to avoid
(04 Marks)
(06 Marks)
tap FIR filter using two MAC
(04 Marks)
With neat diagram,, explairy'bfuel shifter of TMS3 2OC54XX processor. (05 Marks)
With the help of bloqk:,"diagram, explain direct addressing mode of TMS320C54XX
processor. (05 Marks)
The register AR4 with contents 1010H is selected as pointer for circular buffer. If circular
buffer size is 48,|*hat would be loaded into circular buffer size (BK) register? Determine
start addres+,#d-.rA-uaOress of buffer. What would be the contents of AR4 after execution
of the ins-tni'etibn tAR4 + oh, A, if contents of ARO register is 0025H? (05 Marks)
d. Exp$,gffcessor mode status (PMST) register of TMS3z}Cltxxprocessor. (05 Marks)
4 &, ,""Describe the operation of following instructions :
* u
,;'' i) MAC *AR3 -, *AR4 +, B, A
"".. 1, iD MPY *AR5 -, *AR4 + 0, B
,,,.'.
" iii) RPT #g.
b. Show the pipeline operation of following sequence of instructions, if initial value of ARl,
AR3, and A are84,81, 1 and value stored in memory locations 81,82,83, 84 are2,3,4,6.
Also provide values of registers AR3, ARl, A after completion of each cycle.
ADD *AR3 *, A
LD *ARl+, T
MPY X411]*, B
ADD B, A.
c. With the help of logical block diagram, explain hardware timer circuit.
(06 Marks)
(08 Marks)
(06 Marks)
t of 2

8. 5a.
b.
6a.
b.
c.
d.
108C751
PART _ B
Represent both Nr : 0.5 and Nz : 0.25 in Ql5 number notation and write assembly language
program for TMS3z}Cs4xxprocessor to nmltiply obtained Q15 numbers. (06 Msrk)
Determine the value of each of the following 16-bits numbers represented using Q-notati6n.
i) 4400h as a Q7 number
ii) 4400h as a Q0 number ., ,"" '.
li: 1l i:"1:. '
i
iil) 2ccch as a Q 15 number u'
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iv) E6EFh as a Q 15 number. ,;,,. " (04 Marks)
Show the memory organization for digital interpolation using 15 ;taP'' FIR filter with
interpolation factor 5. ',, (04 Marks)
What is the drawback of linear interpolation filter? Explain the,scheme to overcome this
drawback. ,;;,,0, (06 Marks)
5
Why scaling is required before or during butte@ bdmputation? Draw the butterfly
computation that uses 0.25 as scale factor. i.,,i# (04 Marks)
Determine the following for a 128 point FFT coffit utation :
i) Number of stages
il) Number of butterflies in each stage. ",n
'
With an example, explain bit reversed index generation in TMS320C54XX DSP. (08 Marks)
Write the subroutine program to find,&r#].. spectrum transformed data using TMS320C54XX
DSP. (06 Marks)
singles of TMS320C54XX
(10 Marks)
(10 Marks)
c.
d.
(02 Marks)
(04 Marks)
(08 Marks)
(08 Marks)
'u..,.'
*
7 a. With neat timing diagranU+"ql$Cplain external memory interface
pro cessor for read-read-Writ'e operations.
b. Discuss the intemrpt"handling in TMS320C54XX processor.
8 a. With the he$. block diagram, explain synchronous serial interface between TMSC54XX
and CODEC
b' Expfuffi. U,ritOirg blocks of PCM3002 CODEC.
c. Wu1t[1,,,. b help of block diagram, explain JPEG algorithm.
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2 of 2

9. USN 10EC665
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks:100
Note: Answer uny FIVE full questions, selecting
atleast TWO questions from each part.
I a. What is preprocessor directive? What are the different types of preprocessor directive used
in C++? Explain each with an examples. (I0 Marks)
b. Mention the differences between procedure oriented programming (POB and object
oriented programming (OOP). (04 Marks)
c. What is dynamic memory allocation? How the dynamic memory allocation and deallocation
is made in C++? Explain with an examples. " i ,, (06 Marks)
a. Explain the following data types of C+'with general syntax and examples :
i) Reference tlpe ii) Enumeration data tlpe iii) Bool type. (10 Marks)
b. Write a program in C++ to print the numbers of Fibonacci series upto 100. (Use array to
store data). (06 Marks)
c. Define pointer. What are the steps to be followed
l: lt. pointers? (04 Marks)
a. What are bitwise operators? Where do you find the role of bitwise operators? (04 Marks)
b. How do you classify C++ control statements? Explain different looping statements
supported by C++. (10 Marks)
c. Write a C++ program to find the roots of a quadratic equation using switch statement.
(06 Marks)
a. What are the advantages of using function? (04 Marks)
b. Define argument passing. Explain function argument passing mechanisms (with example
program) using swap two integer numbers. (10 Marks)
c. What is inline function? Write the syntax of defining inline function and also give example
program which illustiate inline function. (06 Marks)
PART - B
a. What is an exceptions? What are different types of exceptions? (04 Marks)
b. What is.the purpose of using exception handling mechanism? Explain the C++ exception
handling mechanism with programming example. (10 Marks)
c. Explain rethrowing an exception with programming example. (06 Marks)
a. Define a class and class object and also list the salient features of an object. (06 Marks)
b. Write a C+* program to define a class called student with roll number,name and percentage
as its data members getData( ) and PrintData( ) as member functions. (06 Marks)
c. Define constructor, default constructor, parameterrzed constructors and also list the
characteristics of constructor with programming example. (08 Marks)
a. What is an operator overloading? With the help of general syntax, explain the process of
operator overloading. (10 Marks)
b. Mention the types of operator that cannot be overloaded. (02 Marks)
c. Write a C++ program to overload the. t* and - - operator. (08 Marks)
a. What is inheritance? How do you define and declare a derived class? Explain with syntaxes
and programming examples. (08 Marks)
b. Explain the following with reference to oops :
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Programming in G++ c'r,i;,;1
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USN
Seventh Semester B.E. Degree
Real Time
Time: 3 hrs.
column.
b. Explain the following :
i) Batch process and continuous process. ii) PID control algorithm
c. Write a note on distributed systems.
which wishes to access a printer.
c. Write a note on minimum operating system Kernel.
b. Draw state transition matrix for drying over in case of ward and
c. Explain architecture model with neat diagram in case of Hately
Note: Answer FIVE full questions, selecting
at least TWO questions from each part.
PART - A
a. How are RTS classified based on time constraint? Explain them with an example and
appropriate equations. (08 Marks)
b. Explain periodic and aperiodic tasks with examples. ' (06 Marks)
c. Discuss the different types of programs in system design. : (06 Marks)
a. What do you mean by inferential control? Draw general structure of inferential control
configuration. Explain inferential control by taking the example of ,birmry distillation
2015
Max. Marks:100
(08 Marks)
(08 Marks)
(04 Marks)
(08 Marks)
(05 Marks)
mellor method. (05 Marks)
and Pirbhai Mehtod.
(05 Marks)
Explain Analog input and Analog output system,.with neat block diagrams. (10 Marks)
With help of neat diagrams. Explain working.piinciple of Daisy-Chain interrupt structure.
(06 Marks)
Explain Asynchronous and synchronous transmission techniques. (04 Marks)
Explain the following with respect to real time programming language.
i) Portability ii) Global and local variables iii) Derived types iv) Coroutines (08 Marks)
Discuss control structures used in Real Time programming languages. Write neat diagrams
of standard structured program constructs. (06 Marks)
How Interrupts and DeviCe Handling operations perfomed in Real time programming
languages. (06 Marks)
a. Explain Multi-user and Multi-tasking operating system with suitable diagrams. (0s Marks)
b. What are{he two scheduling strategies? Explain briefly (05 Marks)
c. What are the functions of a task management module? Explain various tasks states with the
help of..a state diagram. (07 Marks)
a,,-. What is code sharing? Explain the serially reusable and recetrant code. (07 Marks)
b. What is binary semaphore? Explain function of binary semaphore by considering a task
a. Explain planning phase and development phase involved in the design of a RTS. (10 Marks)
b. Write the flow chart for a single program approach. (05 Marks)
c. Write a note on the basic software module, with respect to RTS. (05 Marks)
a. Show the outline of abstract modeling approach of ward and mellor method and explain.
(10 Marks)
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