This document discusses relative clauses, which provide extra information about a person or thing. There are several relative pronouns that can be used to introduce a relative clause, including who, which, that, where, when, and whose. Relative clauses can be either defining, where the information is essential, or non-defining, where the information is supplementary and set off by commas. Examples are provided to illustrate how relative clauses join two related clauses using a relative pronoun.

1. RELATIVE CLAUSES
1) RELATIVE CLAUSES are sentences we use to
give extra information which can be relevant
or not.
2) To introduce relative clauses we use the
RELATIVE PRONOUNS:
1) who (for people)
2) which (for things: objects and animals)
3) that (also for people and things, but in defining
relative clauses)
4) where (for places)
5) when (for time)
6) whose (possession)

2. EXAMPLES
See these sentences:
1.John is the musician who plays the lead guitar
for "The Rockets". (*John is the musician. He plays
the lead guitar for "The Rockets")
2.Candem Market, where tourists buy souvenirs, is
in a popular area of London. (*Candem
Market is in a popular area of London. Tourists
buy souvenirs there)
In these 2 sentences the relative clauses are just
after the elements they are connected
to (Musician and Candem Market).

3. EXAMPLES
Now we will join these couples of sentences by
using a relative pronoun:
Susan missed the train. It left 10 minutes earlier
(the train & it are connected)
Susan missed the train which left 10 minutes
earlier (relative clause)
Susan missed the train. She had to postpone a
meeting (susan & she are connected)
Susan, who had to postpone a meeting, missed
the train (relative clause)
Be careful: it & she are replaced by the relative
pronouns.

4. DEFINING & NON-DEFINING
Defining relative clauses: when the
information they give is important, relevant,
necessary:
Susan missed the train which left 10 minutes
earlier.
Non-defining relative clauses: when the
information they give is not important; you can
do without it. They always go
between commas ( , ... , ):
Candem Market, where tourists buy souvenirs, is
in a popular area of London.