Relationships in ecology foodchains
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This document discusses relationships in ecology, specifically food chains and webs. It defines producers, herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Food chains usually have 3-4 links moving energy from producers to herbivores to carnivores and sometimes top carnivores. Multiple overlapping food chains make up a complex food web that shows how energy moves through an entire ecosystem from producers to various consumers and decomposers.
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This document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines a food chain as a linear sequence showing how nutrients and energy are transferred between organisms, beginning with producers and ending with decomposers. Food chains can be grazing chains that start with plants or detritus chains that start with dead organic material. Multiple interconnected food chains form a more complex food web. The food web shows a more accurate representation of the flow of energy between trophic levels in an ecosystem.
FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB.ppt
This document discusses energy flow through ecosystems. It defines three main roles: producers, which make their own food through photosynthesis; consumers, which obtain energy by eating other organisms; and decomposers, which break down waste and dead organisms, returning nutrients to the environment. Food chains show a single path of energy transfer between organisms, starting with a producer and moving up through consumer levels. Food webs depict the many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem. Energy pyramids illustrate that only about 10% of energy is transferred between trophic levels, with most energy being lost as heat.
Food Chains and Food WEB
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines a food chain as the transfer of matter and energy from one organism to another through eating relationships. A food chain has producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers make their own food, consumers eat other organisms, and decomposers break down dead organisms. A food web shows the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem and how different species interact with and depend on one another. Understanding food chains and food webs is important for appreciating ecosystem dynamics and biodiversity.
Animal growth and adaptations
An ecosystem is a system made up of the living and non-living parts of an environment that interact as a unit. It contains individuals of a species, populations of multiple individuals of the same species, and communities of multiple interacting populations. Energy flows through ecosystems via food chains, with producers like plants obtaining energy from the sun, consumers eating producers or other consumers, and decomposers breaking down waste. Food webs illustrate how different food chains interconnect within an ecosystem.
food______ chain_____and____ food wave.ppt
Autotrophs such as plants and algae use sunlight to produce food through photosynthesis. Heterotrophs like animals consume other organisms for food and energy. Energy is transferred between trophic levels in a food chain or complex food web with only 10% efficiency between each level. Producers have the most biomass and numbers while tertiary consumers have the least due to the loss of energy at each transfer.
FOOD CHAIN & FOOD WEB LIMBING, ALEMAR.pptx
This document discusses food chains, food webs, and energy transfer between trophic levels in an ecosystem. It defines autotrophs and heterotrophs, including different types of consumers. It explains that only 10% of energy is transferred between trophic levels and how this results in decreasing biomass at higher levels. Food chains represent simple, direct energy flow while food webs are more complex with multiple organism interactions. Ecological pyramids illustrate the relationship between trophic levels and show which levels contain the most and least energy and organisms. Other topics covered include symbiosis, ecological succession, and climax communities.
Introduction of Ecology
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer. It describes the biotic and abiotic components of environments. It explains ecological levels of organization from organisms to populations to communities to ecosystems. It outlines different feeding relationships including producers, consumers, predators, and parasites. It describes symbiotic relationships such as commensalism, parasitism, and mutualism. It explains trophic levels in food chains and food webs, and how energy and biomass decrease with each trophic level. It maps out nutrient cycles including the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles that maintain balance in ecosystems.
Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
Subject Environmental Sciences in the syllabus of 1st year b pharmacy semester 2nd contain point The FOOD CHAIN & FOOD WEB.
Food chains and webs powerpoint
The document discusses food chains and food webs within an ecosystem. It defines key terms like producers, consumers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and decomposers. It explains that producers like plants make their own food, while consumers eat other organisms. Decomposers break down dead plants and animals, recycling nutrients. A food chain diagrams a single path of energy transfer, while a food web shows interconnected chains. Energy is lost at each trophic level, as shown in an energy pyramid.
Interdependence in living beings.pptx
A food chain refers to the transfer of energy from one organism to another as each organism eats and is eaten. It typically involves producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and decomposers. Producers, like plants, get their energy from the sun. Primary consumers eat producers, secondary consumers eat primary consumers, and tertiary consumers are apex predators that eat secondary consumers. Decomposers break down dead organisms and waste to recycle nutrients back into the system.
Food chain group 3-9 f
A food chain shows how organisms obtain energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms. Food chains begin with autotrophs, like plants, that produce their own food. Herbivores then eat the plants, and carnivores eat the herbivores or other carnivores. This continues with increasing trophic levels until reaching top predators with no natural predators. At each level some energy is lost, with decreasing amounts of energy being passed to higher levels.
Ecology
Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. The biosphere is the global ecosystem, encompassing all living things found in air, land, and water on Earth. Ecologists study how both biotic factors (living things) and abiotic factors (non-living things) influence organisms and populations within various levels of organization, from individuals to ecosystems. Energy and matter flow through ecosystems via food chains and food webs, with only about 10% of available energy being transferred between trophic levels. Key biogeochemical cycles such as the water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles recycle critical elements and compounds.
Food Web ppt.ppt
This document discusses key concepts around food chains, food webs, and energy transfer between trophic levels in an ecosystem. It explains that autotrophs like plants and algae produce energy through photosynthesis, while heterotrophs consume other organisms for energy and nutrients. Energy is lost at each trophic level, with only about 10% being transferred between levels according to the 10% law. Food chains represent simple, linear energy transfers, while food webs are more complex with many organisms at each trophic level. Ecological pyramids illustrate the decrease in biomass and numbers of organisms at higher trophic levels due to inefficient energy transfer.
Ecology.pptx. Concept aspect and propects
Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environments. It focuses on energy transfer within ecosystems and between populations. There are several key concepts in ecology including niches, habitats, trophic levels, and nutrient cycles. A niche represents an organism's role, while a habitat is its address. Food webs depict the feeding relationships between organisms at different trophic levels as energy and matter are transferred. Nutrient cycles like carbon and nitrogen are essential to maintaining balance in ecosystems.
Trophic levels
Primary producers use energy from the sun or chemicals to produce organic molecules. Consumers rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients. There are different types of consumers including herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, scavengers, decomposers, and detritivores. Food chains show the transfer of energy between organisms through eating, while food webs show complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Trophic levels refer to the steps in a food chain, with primary producers at the base and increasing consumer levels above. Only about 10% of available energy is transferred between trophic levels.
ecology good.ppt
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer. It examines the relationships between organisms and their biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) environmental factors. Ecosystems consist of interconnected food webs and nutrient cycles that transfer energy between producers, consumers, and decomposers across multiple trophic levels. Disruptions to these relationships, such as the biological magnification of toxins up food chains, can significantly impact populations and ecosystems.
Lecture 2 energy & relationships
This document discusses key ecological concepts including trophic levels, energy flow through ecosystems, and nutrient cycling. It defines producers as autotrophs that obtain energy from sunlight or chemicals, and consumers as heterotrophs that obtain energy by eating other organisms. The five main trophic levels are described as primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and detritivores/saprotrophs. Photosynthesis, food chains, and energy and matter cycling are also summarized.
Food chains and webs
This document discusses food chains and webs. It explains that producers, like plants, are the beginning of the food chain and get their energy from photosynthesis. There are different levels of consumers that eat producers or each other, including primary consumers like squirrels, secondary consumers like cats, and tertiary consumers like wolves. Omnivores can be primary or secondary consumers. Scavengers and decomposers, like bacteria and fungi, break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil to complete the cycle. A food web is a more accurate representation than a food chain because organisms have multiple relationships in an ecosystem.
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Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
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Newton’s third law of motion
Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The document provides examples of this law, such as bumper cars pushing against each other with equal forces in opposite directions. It also explains that it can be difficult to identify the action-reaction pair when one object is much more massive than the other and does not noticeably move, such as the Earth when a person walks on it. The document asks the reader to think of additional examples of Newton's third law of motion.
Introduction to electricity
Electricity is caused by the movement of electrons between atoms. Atoms are made up of protons which have a positive charge and electrons which have a negative charge. When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become positively or negatively charged which allows electric forces to act between them. Charged objects can either attract or repel depending on whether they have the same or opposite charges. Materials that allow electrons to move through them easily are conductors, while insulators do not, which is why electrical wires have plastic coatings to prevent electric currents from flowing through the human body.
Refraction and lenses
Refraction occurs when light bends as it passes from one substance to another. Lenses cause light to bend based on their shape - convex lenses are thicker in the center and bend light inward to focus it, while concave lenses are thicker on the sides and bend light outward. Convex lenses form inverted and magnified images when the object is beyond the focal point, and upright images when the object is closer. Concave lenses always form upright and smaller images that do not focus due to the light rays spreading out.
Newton’s second law
Newton's second law states that an object will accelerate in the direction of the net force acting upon it. The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the object's mass. Some examples given are that a kicked ball will accelerate forward in the direction of the kick, and an empty box will accelerate faster across the floor than a box packed with books if both are pushed with the same force due to differences in their masses.
Reflection mirrors
Light rays follow the law of reflection when striking a surface, where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. When light reflects off a smooth, even surface like a mirror (normal reflection), an image can be seen due to the light rays reflecting directly into the eye. In contrast, rough or uneven surfaces cause diffuse reflection, scattering the light rays in many directions so no clear image is formed.
Friction
Friction is an unbalanced force that slows objects down and is present in almost all real-life situations. There are different types of friction including static friction, sliding friction, rolling friction, and air resistance. Static friction prevents an object from moving when a force is applied, sliding friction slows down objects that are sliding against each other, and rolling friction allows wheels to turn forward while pushing back.
Light!
1) The document discusses the properties and behavior of light, including that light carries energy as an electromagnetic wave. It travels in straight lines called rays.
2) When light hits an object, it can be absorbed, reflected, or pass through. Reflection is when light bounces off an object and into our eyes, allowing us to see things.
3) Visible light is a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Different colors are wavelengths of light, with blue having a higher frequency than red. The color we see is determined by the wavelengths reflected by an object.
Energy in motion
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion that an object possesses due to its mass and velocity. It can be transferred between objects through momentum or forces. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or changed from one form to another, such as potential energy transforming to kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is calculated as one-half the mass times the velocity squared (KE=1/2mv^2), while potential energy depends on the mass and height of an object above the ground or another reference point and is calculated as mass times the force of gravity times height (PE=mgh).
Momentum and inertia
This document discusses momentum and inertia. It explains that momentum is calculated as mass times velocity, and was defined by Isaac Newton as the key factor for describing motion. The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a system will remain constant if no outside forces act on it. When objects collide and one slows down, the other gains momentum and speeds up, keeping the total momentum the same. Examples of momentum transfers are described, such as billiard balls colliding in a rack.
How do waves behave
Waves can behave in several ways as they interact with objects and each other. They can reflect off surfaces, refract as they pass between different materials by changing speed and direction, diffract by bending around barriers, and interfere by combining with other waves to form a new wave. Reflection causes echoes, refraction makes underwater objects look closer, diffraction allows sound to travel around corners, and interference is used in things like CDs and ear plugs.
How do waves behave
Waves can behave in several ways as they interact with objects and each other. They can reflect off surfaces, refract as they pass between different materials by changing speed and direction, diffract by bending around barriers, and interfere by combining with other waves to form a new wave. Reflection causes echoes, refraction makes underwater objects appear closer, diffraction allows sound to travel around corners, and interference is used in technologies like CDs and ear plugs.
Wave properties
Waves have characteristics that can be observed and measured. The amplitude of a wave measures how far above or below the normal level it rises, and represents how much energy the wave carries. Amplitude is half the distance between the crest and trough of a transverse wave. Wavelength is the distance between two crests or troughs, and determines properties like a light wave's color. Frequency is the number of waves that pass a point in one second, measured in hertz, with higher frequencies associated with shorter wavelengths because more waves can fit in the same space.
Waves!
Waves transfer energy through matter or space without transferring matter. There are two main types of waves: mechanical waves, which require matter to transfer energy, and electromagnetic waves, which do not require matter. Mechanical waves can be transverse, where the matter moves perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer, or compressional, where the matter moves parallel to the direction of energy transfer. Sound waves are an example of compressional mechanical waves that transfer energy through the compression and rarefaction of matter like air molecules.
Velocity and acceleration
This document discusses velocity, acceleration, and how to calculate them. It defines velocity as the rate of change of displacement and acceleration as the rate of change of velocity. It provides examples of positive and negative acceleration, such as speeding up or slowing down. The key formula for calculating acceleration is given as the change in velocity divided by the time taken, usually measured in meters per second squared. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating average acceleration from changes in velocity over time.
Motion and force
This document discusses motion, speed, and velocity. It defines motion as a change in an object's position over time. Speed is defined as the rate of change in an object's position, usually measured in meters per second. Velocity differs from speed in that it includes both speed and direction of the object's motion. The document provides examples of calculating average speed by dividing total distance traveled by total time, and defines velocity as displacement divided by time.
Introduction to solutions (chapter 5)
This document introduces key concepts about solutions and mixtures. It defines a solution as a homogeneous mixture formed when a solute dissolves evenly throughout a solvent. Water is discussed as a common solvent that can dissolve many substances to form solutions. The reading also distinguishes between heterogeneous mixtures, where substances are not evenly mixed, and homogeneous mixtures or solutions, where the mixing appears uniform. An upcoming student activity is described where groups will create mixtures using water and different substances to observe solubility.
Volcanoes and eruptions
Volcanoes form at plate boundaries or in hotspots in the mantle not associated with plate boundaries. There are three main types of volcanoes: shield volcanoes which have gentle slopes built up from fluid lava flows; cinder cone volcanoes which are steep sided due to explosive eruptions throwing tephra into the air; and composite volcanoes which have layers of both lava and tephra from eruptions that alternate between explosive and nonexplosive. The amount of gas and silica in magma determines the explosiveness of an eruption, with more gas and less silica leading to more violent eruptions as the gas escapes quickly closer to the surface.
Introduction to volcanoes!
Volcanoes form when magma from beneath the Earth's surface is forced up through openings in the crust called vents. They occur at plate boundaries where tectonic plates are moving together or apart, as well as at hot spots where areas of the mantle are unusually hot and melt rock that rises toward the surface. Common examples of active volcanoes include Kilauea volcano in Hawaii and volcanoes in Iceland, Mexico, Ecuador, Indonesia, and Costa Rica.
Behaviour of liquids and gases
The document discusses the behavior of liquids and gases through diffusion and pressure. It defines diffusion as the mixing of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Pressure is defined as force applied over an area, with Pascal's principle stating that applying pressure at any point in a confined substance will cause the pressure to travel unchanged throughout the substance. The document provides examples of how increasing the pressure of a gas by adding more particles to a confined space, such as inflating a balloon.
States of matter
The document discusses the kinetic theory of matter and the states of matter. It explains that the kinetic theory states that particles in matter are in constant, random motion and that the arrangement and movement of atoms determines the state of matter. It then describes the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - and how temperature affects the motion of particles and ability to change states.
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Relationships in ecology foodchains
- 1. Relationships in Ecology: Food Chains and Webs 8SCIENCE Mon. Nov. 8
- 2. Different types of consumers • REVIEW: What is a consumer? • Consumer is any organism that eats other organisms for energy – Herbivore • Eats plants only – Carnivore • Eats other animals only – Omnivore • Eats plants and animals
- 3. Food Chains • How energy (food) passes from one organism to another • Usually have 3 – 4 links • Many food chains in any ecosystems
- 4. Food Chains • First link is a producer – Gets energy from the sun • Second link of a food chain is usually a herbivore – Eats producers • Third link of a food chain is usually a carnivore – Animal that eats other animals
- 5. Food Chains continued… • Fourth link is a top carnivore – Eats other carnivores • When an organism dies in an ecosystem, decomposers feed on the dead organism – Returns nutrients to the soil – Ex: bacteria and fungi
- 6. Food Webs • Includes many groups of food chains that overlap • Shows how energy moves through an ecosystem
Editor's Notes
- Today we are going to be learning about food chains and how different organisms are organized depending on what they eat. This is a picture that I took in Alaska two summers ago, when I went on a camping/fishing trip. As you can see, this grizzly bear is searching for food in the river. What do you think he is looking for?