These slides are developed for a part of the undergraduate course in Petroleum Refinery Engineering. The slides are also helpful for Masters level introductory course.
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Refining
This refining overview includes segments on: Why we refine crude oil, a basic summary of the refining distillation process, and some historical perspective on the evolution of refining.
The complete Refining Module includes lessons on crude oil and products, refinery processes, key business drivers that impact refining profitability, and more.
Why Do We Refine Crude Oil?
Crude oil cannot be used as it occurs in nature, other than burning for fuel, which is wasteful, It must be refined to manufacture finished products such as gasoline and heating oil.
In the refinery, crude oil components can first be split by carefully applying heat to capture various parts, called fractions, within certain boiling ranges. This is called distillation. The quality of these initial fractions produced is not sufficient to be sold directly as petroleum products without further treatment.
Moreover, the yield of products from straight distillation of crude oil is not the same as the “demand barrel” needed for the marketplace. Crude oil must therefore be further processed using both heat and pressure to improve qualities and meet market demand.
A large part of refinery processing is concerned with converting unwanted heavy fuel oil into marketable gasoline and diesel, using various processing methods.
R.M. Baker, & D. L. Passmore. (2012, August 16). Cracking the ethane cracker. Invited presentation at the 2012 WIB Symposium, “Innovation through Integration: Re-Inventing the Workforce System,” sponsored by the Pennsylvania Association of Workforce Investment Boards, State College, Pennsylvania. (see http://pawib2012.tumblr.com)
Shell Chemical LP, a petrochemical unit of Royal Dutch Shell, signed a land purchase option agreement with Horsehead Corporation, a producer of specialty zinc and zinc-based products and a recycler of electric arc furnace dust, to evaluate a site in western Pennsylvania for a potential petrochemical complex. The site is located in Potter and Center Townships in Beaver County near Monaca, Pennsylvania, which is 40 miles northwest of Pittsburgh.
The site currently houses a Horsehead’s plant for zinc products and contains the only electrothermic zinc refining facility in the Western Hemisphere. If the land purchase option is exercised, Horsehead Corporation will vacate the Monaca facility by April 2014.
Shell’s plans for the complex include an ethane cracker that would process ethane feedstock from “wet” Marcellus Shale gas to supply ethylene for a wide variety of intermediate sales to industries and for final end use in manufactured products. “Cracking” involves heating and separating the large hydrocarbon chains found in fossil fuels such as natural gas and petroleum into lighter hydrocarbons such as ethane.
In this workshop, a report by the American Chemical Council (ACC) [Shale Gas and New Petrochemicals Investment: Benefits for the Economy, Jobs, and US Manufacturing] of the potential static U.S. job and tax impacts of ethane production is examined. Then, the results are presented from an analysis prepared by researchers from Penn State’s Institute for Research in Training & Development (IRTD) of the potential dynamic economic and demographic impacts of the Royal Dutch Shell petrochemical complex planned for western Pennsylvania. Special attention is paid to the implications that these impacts estimated by ACC and the IRTD hold for regional workforce development in Pennsylvania.
Acetylene Hydrogenation - Consultancy
Ethylene Plant Flowsheets
Placement of Acetylene Hydrogenation Reactor
Cracker Feedstock / Product Variability
Acetylene Reactor Feeds
Reasons for Acetylene Removal
Reacting Components and Conditions
Reactor Operation and Reacting Components
Reactor Design
Selectivity vs. Temperature and Ethane Formation
Effect of CO
Poisons
Green Oil
Turndown
H/D Ratio and Pressure Drop
Thermocouple Placement
Start-up
Problems During Start-up
Shut Down
Regeneration
Catalyst Experience, Problems and Other Information
Front End / Tail End Comparison
These slides are developed for a part of the undergraduate course in Petroleum Refinery Engineering. The slides are also helpful for Masters level introductory course.
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Refining
This refining overview includes segments on: Why we refine crude oil, a basic summary of the refining distillation process, and some historical perspective on the evolution of refining.
The complete Refining Module includes lessons on crude oil and products, refinery processes, key business drivers that impact refining profitability, and more.
Why Do We Refine Crude Oil?
Crude oil cannot be used as it occurs in nature, other than burning for fuel, which is wasteful, It must be refined to manufacture finished products such as gasoline and heating oil.
In the refinery, crude oil components can first be split by carefully applying heat to capture various parts, called fractions, within certain boiling ranges. This is called distillation. The quality of these initial fractions produced is not sufficient to be sold directly as petroleum products without further treatment.
Moreover, the yield of products from straight distillation of crude oil is not the same as the “demand barrel” needed for the marketplace. Crude oil must therefore be further processed using both heat and pressure to improve qualities and meet market demand.
A large part of refinery processing is concerned with converting unwanted heavy fuel oil into marketable gasoline and diesel, using various processing methods.
R.M. Baker, & D. L. Passmore. (2012, August 16). Cracking the ethane cracker. Invited presentation at the 2012 WIB Symposium, “Innovation through Integration: Re-Inventing the Workforce System,” sponsored by the Pennsylvania Association of Workforce Investment Boards, State College, Pennsylvania. (see http://pawib2012.tumblr.com)
Shell Chemical LP, a petrochemical unit of Royal Dutch Shell, signed a land purchase option agreement with Horsehead Corporation, a producer of specialty zinc and zinc-based products and a recycler of electric arc furnace dust, to evaluate a site in western Pennsylvania for a potential petrochemical complex. The site is located in Potter and Center Townships in Beaver County near Monaca, Pennsylvania, which is 40 miles northwest of Pittsburgh.
The site currently houses a Horsehead’s plant for zinc products and contains the only electrothermic zinc refining facility in the Western Hemisphere. If the land purchase option is exercised, Horsehead Corporation will vacate the Monaca facility by April 2014.
Shell’s plans for the complex include an ethane cracker that would process ethane feedstock from “wet” Marcellus Shale gas to supply ethylene for a wide variety of intermediate sales to industries and for final end use in manufactured products. “Cracking” involves heating and separating the large hydrocarbon chains found in fossil fuels such as natural gas and petroleum into lighter hydrocarbons such as ethane.
In this workshop, a report by the American Chemical Council (ACC) [Shale Gas and New Petrochemicals Investment: Benefits for the Economy, Jobs, and US Manufacturing] of the potential static U.S. job and tax impacts of ethane production is examined. Then, the results are presented from an analysis prepared by researchers from Penn State’s Institute for Research in Training & Development (IRTD) of the potential dynamic economic and demographic impacts of the Royal Dutch Shell petrochemical complex planned for western Pennsylvania. Special attention is paid to the implications that these impacts estimated by ACC and the IRTD hold for regional workforce development in Pennsylvania.
Acetylene Hydrogenation - Consultancy
Ethylene Plant Flowsheets
Placement of Acetylene Hydrogenation Reactor
Cracker Feedstock / Product Variability
Acetylene Reactor Feeds
Reasons for Acetylene Removal
Reacting Components and Conditions
Reactor Operation and Reacting Components
Reactor Design
Selectivity vs. Temperature and Ethane Formation
Effect of CO
Poisons
Green Oil
Turndown
H/D Ratio and Pressure Drop
Thermocouple Placement
Start-up
Problems During Start-up
Shut Down
Regeneration
Catalyst Experience, Problems and Other Information
Front End / Tail End Comparison
This presentation details out all the process in an Oil Refinery. If you are looking to have a hawk eye view of all the oil refinery process, this presentation will set you on.
Simple explained.
Introduction to Oil and Gas Industry from Upstream (Exploration & Production), Midstream (Transportation & Storage), to Downstream (Refining, Petrochemical, & Marketing)
A project on the Mother plant of Petrochemical Industry.
110 MT per year production capacity of NCP plant at RIL- VMD. Detailed studies on Short residence time Furnaces, Distillation columns, Catalytic converters, heat exchangers etc. calculations made on process parameters and mechanical design aspects.
Naphtha Steam Reforming Catalyst Reduction by NH3 CrackingGerard B. Hawkins
Procedure for Naphtha Steam Reforming Catalyst Reduction by NH3 Cracking
Scope
This procedure applies to the in situ reduction of VULCAN Series steam reforming catalysts using ammonia cracking to form hydrogen over the catalyst in the steam reformer. This procedure covers plants with a dry gas circulation loop for reduction. The procedure is likely to be applied to plants using only heavier feeds (e.g.: LPG and/or naphtha) and some combination of VULCAN Series catalysts.
Introduction
A small number of steam reforming plants do not have an available source of the commonly used reducing media (e.g.: hydrogen, hydrogen-rich off-gas, natural gas). These plants will usually operate on LPG and/or naphtha feed only where cracking of this hydrocarbon is not usually advised for reduction of the steam reforming catalyst. In such circumstances, the plant may be designed to use the installed steam reforming catalyst to crack ammonia to provide hydrogen for the reformer catalyst reduction....
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - DownstreamEKT Interactive
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas
What is Downstream?
This Downstream module includes the following sections:
-Downstream Business Characteristics
-Refining – Products and Participants
-Consumption – The Final Step in Adding Value
-Marketing and Retail
Downstream
Processing, transporting and selling refined products made from crude oil is the business of the downstream segment of the oil and gas industry.
Key downstream business sectors include:
-Oil Refining
-Supply and Trading
-Product Marketing and Retail
The downstream industry provides thousands of products to end-user customers around the globe.
Many products are familiar such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil and asphalt for roads. Others are not as familiar such as lubricants, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers and pesticides.
The downstream segment is a margin business. Margin is defined as the difference between the price realized for the products produced from the crude oil and the cost of the crude delivered to the refinery.
Although the price of crude sets the absolute level of product prices, it may or may not affect refining or marketing margins. Downstream margins tend to be reduced, or squeezed, when crude price increases often cannot be recovered in the marketplace. On the other hand, margins tend to hold, or even increase, when crude prices drop and the marketplace more slowly adjusts to these lower crude prices.
The downstream segment includes complex and diverse activities including manufacturing, petrochemical refining, distribution, and retail.
A global perspective is important because of the global nature of the energy supply chain as well as the impact of supply and demand on both feedstock and product prices.
COURSE LINK:
https://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/petroleum-refining/
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The main scope of the course is to create strong basis and fundamentals regarding the processes in the Petroleum Refining. We take a look to the Oil&Gas Industry briefly and continue directly with the Refining Process. We then make a focus in each individual unit operation in the refinery.
Learn about:
* Oil& Gas Industry
* Difference between Petroleum Refining vs. Petrochemical Industry
* Overview of the most important operations and products
* Market insight (supply/demand) as well as (production/consumption)
* Several Petroleum Refineries around the World
Unit Operations & Processes
* Refining and Fractionation
* Atmospheric Distillation Column
* Vacuum Distillation
* Hydrotreating (Hydrogenation)
* Blending
* Reforming
* Isomerization
* Alkylation
* Steam Cracking
* Fluid Catalytic Cracking
* Gas Sweetening (Hydrodesulfurization)
* Coking
Components:
* Fuel Gas / Natural Gas
* Liquified Petroleum Gases (LPG)
* Propane, Butane
* Sulfur / Hydrogen Sulfide
* Gasoline / Automotive Gas Oil
* Naphtha Cuts (Light/Heavy)
* Kerosene
* Diesel
* Gasoil
* Lubricants
* Vacuum Residues
* Asphalt
* Coke
NOTE: This course is focused for Process Simulation
At the end of the course you will feel confident in the Petroleum Refining Industry. You will know the most common Process & Unit Operations as well as their distribution, production and importance in daily life.
----
Please show the love! LIKE, SHARE and SUBSCRIBE!
More likes, sharings, suscribers: MORE VIDEOS!
-----
CONTACT ME
Chemical.Engineering.Guy@Gmail.com
www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com
http://facebook.com/Chemical.Engineering.Guy
You speak spanish? Visit my spanish channel -www.youtube.com/ChemEngIQA
How co-product credits will preserve naphtha’s viability as an olefin feedsto...emeamarketing
Read the How co-product credits will preserve naphtha’s viability as an olefin feedstock presentation given at EPCA 2012 by Platts editor Jim Foster. This presentation talks about ethane’s growing popularity; propylene feeling the pinch; naphtha’s positive co-product scenario and ethane rejection and the impact on naphtha.
This presentation details out all the process in an Oil Refinery. If you are looking to have a hawk eye view of all the oil refinery process, this presentation will set you on.
Simple explained.
Introduction to Oil and Gas Industry from Upstream (Exploration & Production), Midstream (Transportation & Storage), to Downstream (Refining, Petrochemical, & Marketing)
A project on the Mother plant of Petrochemical Industry.
110 MT per year production capacity of NCP plant at RIL- VMD. Detailed studies on Short residence time Furnaces, Distillation columns, Catalytic converters, heat exchangers etc. calculations made on process parameters and mechanical design aspects.
Naphtha Steam Reforming Catalyst Reduction by NH3 CrackingGerard B. Hawkins
Procedure for Naphtha Steam Reforming Catalyst Reduction by NH3 Cracking
Scope
This procedure applies to the in situ reduction of VULCAN Series steam reforming catalysts using ammonia cracking to form hydrogen over the catalyst in the steam reformer. This procedure covers plants with a dry gas circulation loop for reduction. The procedure is likely to be applied to plants using only heavier feeds (e.g.: LPG and/or naphtha) and some combination of VULCAN Series catalysts.
Introduction
A small number of steam reforming plants do not have an available source of the commonly used reducing media (e.g.: hydrogen, hydrogen-rich off-gas, natural gas). These plants will usually operate on LPG and/or naphtha feed only where cracking of this hydrocarbon is not usually advised for reduction of the steam reforming catalyst. In such circumstances, the plant may be designed to use the installed steam reforming catalyst to crack ammonia to provide hydrogen for the reformer catalyst reduction....
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - DownstreamEKT Interactive
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas
What is Downstream?
This Downstream module includes the following sections:
-Downstream Business Characteristics
-Refining – Products and Participants
-Consumption – The Final Step in Adding Value
-Marketing and Retail
Downstream
Processing, transporting and selling refined products made from crude oil is the business of the downstream segment of the oil and gas industry.
Key downstream business sectors include:
-Oil Refining
-Supply and Trading
-Product Marketing and Retail
The downstream industry provides thousands of products to end-user customers around the globe.
Many products are familiar such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil and asphalt for roads. Others are not as familiar such as lubricants, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers and pesticides.
The downstream segment is a margin business. Margin is defined as the difference between the price realized for the products produced from the crude oil and the cost of the crude delivered to the refinery.
Although the price of crude sets the absolute level of product prices, it may or may not affect refining or marketing margins. Downstream margins tend to be reduced, or squeezed, when crude price increases often cannot be recovered in the marketplace. On the other hand, margins tend to hold, or even increase, when crude prices drop and the marketplace more slowly adjusts to these lower crude prices.
The downstream segment includes complex and diverse activities including manufacturing, petrochemical refining, distribution, and retail.
A global perspective is important because of the global nature of the energy supply chain as well as the impact of supply and demand on both feedstock and product prices.
COURSE LINK:
https://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/petroleum-refining/
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The main scope of the course is to create strong basis and fundamentals regarding the processes in the Petroleum Refining. We take a look to the Oil&Gas Industry briefly and continue directly with the Refining Process. We then make a focus in each individual unit operation in the refinery.
Learn about:
* Oil& Gas Industry
* Difference between Petroleum Refining vs. Petrochemical Industry
* Overview of the most important operations and products
* Market insight (supply/demand) as well as (production/consumption)
* Several Petroleum Refineries around the World
Unit Operations & Processes
* Refining and Fractionation
* Atmospheric Distillation Column
* Vacuum Distillation
* Hydrotreating (Hydrogenation)
* Blending
* Reforming
* Isomerization
* Alkylation
* Steam Cracking
* Fluid Catalytic Cracking
* Gas Sweetening (Hydrodesulfurization)
* Coking
Components:
* Fuel Gas / Natural Gas
* Liquified Petroleum Gases (LPG)
* Propane, Butane
* Sulfur / Hydrogen Sulfide
* Gasoline / Automotive Gas Oil
* Naphtha Cuts (Light/Heavy)
* Kerosene
* Diesel
* Gasoil
* Lubricants
* Vacuum Residues
* Asphalt
* Coke
NOTE: This course is focused for Process Simulation
At the end of the course you will feel confident in the Petroleum Refining Industry. You will know the most common Process & Unit Operations as well as their distribution, production and importance in daily life.
----
Please show the love! LIKE, SHARE and SUBSCRIBE!
More likes, sharings, suscribers: MORE VIDEOS!
-----
CONTACT ME
Chemical.Engineering.Guy@Gmail.com
www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com
http://facebook.com/Chemical.Engineering.Guy
You speak spanish? Visit my spanish channel -www.youtube.com/ChemEngIQA
How co-product credits will preserve naphtha’s viability as an olefin feedsto...emeamarketing
Read the How co-product credits will preserve naphtha’s viability as an olefin feedstock presentation given at EPCA 2012 by Platts editor Jim Foster. This presentation talks about ethane’s growing popularity; propylene feeling the pinch; naphtha’s positive co-product scenario and ethane rejection and the impact on naphtha.
Could coal be the answer to global plastics shortagesPlatts
The CTO/MTO process
CTO/MTO Economics
Current Status – Projects
Impact on the global ethylene feedstock slate
Impact on PE and PP fundamentals
China’s shortage of ethylene and propylene
Difficulty of importing olefins
Demand growth for PE and PP
Naphtha crackers too dependent on imports
Coal price advantage
CTO process proven successful in 2011
The changing dynamics and new challenges facing the North American petrochemi...Platts
A comprehensive review of the developments in shale gas affecting the North American petrochemical markets
• The benefits and detriments of the shale gas revolution
• Feedstock advantage spurs investment in new cracker builds and expansions
• New polyethylene capacities and exports to Latin America
• Lighter feed slates and the negative impact on heavier products, disconnect in ethylene/propylene production.
• Most significant in propylene as constraints impact pricing and facilitate volatility. Spillover effect for derivative products.
• Pending supply increases. Will it be enough?
• The shale boom and its impact on aromatics
• Lighter feed slates at crackers curbs aromatics output, negatively impact downstream products such as styrene, PTA, and PET
• Increased crude from shale plays and impact on crude import/export balance
• Northeast refineries shift to lighter crudes, trend likely to continue going forward.
• Conclusion
• What does this mean for the US petrochemical landscape going forward?
• How will this impact/alter global petrochemical trade flows?
This is a presentation from Reliance Industries Limited, one of the finalists at the 5th CII-GBC National Award for Excellence in Water Management in 2008
The awards are in 2 categories, Within the Fence for work done on minimizing the organisations water footprint, and Beyond the Fence for work done in the community around the industry.
This presentation was in the "Within the Fence" category.
We thank CII and the respective companies for giving us permission to upload these presentations on the India Water Portal website for dissemination to a wider audience.
Nichols is the editor/associate publisher of Hydrocarbon Processing magazine. At present, he manages all content and business development for Hydrocarbon Processing, as well as data/content for Gulf Publishing Company’s Data Division. This includes all data content for Hydrocarbon Processing’s Construction Boxscore Database, annual Market Data Book and US Gas Plant Directory.
Reliance Refining Building Worlds Larges Coke Gasification ProjectTodd Pencarinha
The world's largest refinery - Reliance Refining in India is building the world's largest coke gasification plant. The plant will gasify 9 million MT/year of petroleum coke
Getting the Most Out of Your Refinery Hydrogen PlantGerard B. Hawkins
Getting the Most Out of Your Refinery Hydrogen Plant
Contents
Summary
1 Introduction
2 "On-purpose" Hydrogen Production
3 Operational Aspects
4 Uprating Options on the Steam Reformer
4.1 Steam Reforming Catalysts and Tube Metallurgy
4.2 Oxygen-blown Secondary Reformer
4.3 Pre-reforming
4.4 Post-reforming
5 Downstream Units
6 Summary of Uprating Options
7 Conclusions
Desulphur - A new Desulphurisation TechniqueTecnoVeritas
This Presentations intends to present a new technique of Desulphurisation, a revolutionary product to help the environment and the marine/ shore industry.