Modular crude oil minirefineries can process 500 to 50,000 barrels per day. They are assembled off-site using pre-fabricated modules and shipped to the oil field for installation. This modular approach reduces costs, environmental impacts, and construction time compared to traditional large-scale refineries. Services include engineering, manufacturing, installation, and operation of turn-key refining systems.

1. Modular Crude Oil Minirefineries
KUAI Energy Systems

2. Our Group offers a wide experience in the international management, engineering, financing, sales, production, project management
and installation of Energy Systems in the Oil and Gas and in the Power Generation fields. We are proud to present our Modular
Refining Systems in conjunction with CHEMEX LLC, a leading manufacturer of Petroleum Processing Equipment since 1974. Another
added value is our association with Prime Energy & Chemical and our ability to provide Power Generation Systems to integrate a
complete Energy System from the oil well to the electrical power grid.
•Modular Oil Refineries from 500 to 50,000 Barrels per Day for Crude Oil to produce Naphtha, Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel 2, Heavy Fuel
Oil 6 and Asphalt .
•No need for process water, minimizing environmental emissions. Can be sited as close as possible to oil fields.
•Larger refining capacities can be provided by paralleling Modular Refineries with maximum flexibility and reliability.
•We can provide Minirefineries and Electric Power Generating Plants using their subproducts as fuels in a Turn‐Key basis, including the
engineering, design, permitting, manufacturing, shipping, erection, installation, commissioning, start‐up, training, operation and
maintenance.
•We can offer a variety of financing options depending on the needs of our Clients.
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3. Existing CHEMEX Oil Refinery Projects Worldwide

4. Project Experience
Since 1974, Chemex has
constructed or modified many
refineries worldwide. The client
fi i ld id Th li
list includes the following:
Bechtel U.S. Department of Energy
Torch Energy Redd Engineering
Texaco
Texaco Santa Fe Energy
Santa Fe Energy
Veneco Energy Fujairah Marine Service
Chevron
GPC Sudan Berry Petroleum
Union Oil Natural Resources Group
Metro Oil & Refining Huntway Refining
Shell Oil Seadrift Coke
McPherson Oil Beacon Refining
Mobil Oil
Baker Hughes Whittier Oil
Occidental Pertamina Refining
Flying J Refining
Flying ‘J’ Refining Niger Delta Petroleum Corp.
Niger Delta Petrole m Corp
Aera Energy DESOPADEC
Goodway Refining
Corn Products Tri Wahana Universal
Hamilton Engineering Golden Gate
Seneca Oil High Sierra Energy
Georgia American Oil Pertro Source Partners
Concorp International
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5. Traditional Oil Refineries: The Old
Fashioned Way
• The traditional Oil Refineries process Crude Oil fractional
distillation to produce a variety of subproducts, such as
LPG, Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel Oil, Heavy Fuel Oil,
Asphalt, etc. using their varying boiling points. These
subproducts which can be used directly as fuels,
enhance the economic value of the crude oil.
• Traditional Oil R fi i t i ll process f
T diti l Refineries typically from one
hundred thousand to several hundred thousand barrels
of crude oil per day. This means that a huge amount of
crude oil has to be transported from the oil wells to the
refineries with great transportation costs under
hazardous conditions along the way.
• The large scale and complexity of a traditional Oil
Refinery and the associated hazards make it very hard to
be able to site and build a brand new large refinery
because of its relatively high cost and environmental
impact.
• They use a relatively high amount of process and cooling
water which turns into wastewater that has to be
treated b f
d before d h
discharging to waterways, adding to the
dd h
cost. There is an increasing amount of cost involved in
attenuating air emissions and solid waste to comply with
ever tighter regulations. As a result, no major refinery
has been built in the USA since Marathon’s Garyville,
Louisiana, refinery was installed in 1976 and many
others have been closed.
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6. Traditional Oil Refineries: The Old Fashioned Way
• Large scale and complexity.
• High capital & operation cost.
• Hazards ‐ hard to site.
• Environmental Impact.
• High amount of process and
cooling water turning into
wastewater to be treated
treated.
• Large volume of air emissions and
solid waste to comply with ever
tighter regulations.
• No major refinery built in the USA
since Marathon’s Garyville, LA
refinery was installed in 1976.
• Many have been closed.
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7. Modular Oil Refineries: The Modern Way:
• New modular pre‐fabricated design meeting ASME,
pre fabricated
ANSI, API, FM USA‐EPA and World Bank standards.
• Tailored to each client’s application, can be sited
next to oil wells minimizing transportation cost.
e oo e s g a spo a o cos
• Modular Refineries are air cooled. Do not need
cooling water.
• Gases produced are used to fuel the distillation
process instead of flared, minimizing the
environmental effect.
• Reduce installed cost time required for permitting
cost, permitting,
shipping, erection, installation and commissioning.
• Modular Refineries are assembled and tested at the
factory,
factory taken apart and shipped No field welding
shipped.
required, everything is flanged.
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8. Modular Oil Refineries: The Modern Way:
• Modular Refineries take advantage of state‐of‐the‐art
state of the art
process techniques to automatically control the amount
of each desired subproduct according to the needs of the
client.
• Modular Refineries can be sited to optimize the
production of fuels that can be used in diesel engines and
gas turbines for distributed electrical power generation.
• Modular Refineries require a minimum amount of
operating personnel since their automatic operation can
be monitored and controlled remotely through a SCADA
system and the operators digitally alerted of any alarms.
• Modular Refineries can be installed in a short time
without welding to coincide with the start of exploitation
of oil wells.
• They can be operational within 4 hours after a cold start. 8

9. Crude Oil is composed of a widely varied Mix of
Crude Oil is composed of a widely varied Mix of
Hydrocarbons
Typical Assay of Leona 24 Crude Oil
Typical Assay of Leona 24 Crude Oil
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10. Modular Refinery Capacities
• Our modular Minirefineries have the following refining capacities of crude oil:
Our modular Minirefineries have the following refining capacities of crude oil:
500, 625, 1000, 2000, 3000, 6000, 10000, 120000, 15000 , 20000 and 30000 and
35,000 Barrels per Day .
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11. Modular Oil Refinery Yields
• Our Modular Oil Refineries offer subproduct yields depending on its
co gu at o o t e des ed subp oducts
configuration for the desired subproducts based on the specifications of the
o t e spec cat o s o t e
Crude Oil being used.
• For example, the following chart shows the subproduct yield for a 20,000 Barrels
per Day Modular Refinery with a ADU/VDU/CRU/HDS processing heavy Crude
from Ecuador to maximize the production of high octane Gasoline and low Sulfur
Diesel 2 (less than 400 parts per million). In this case, Off Gas and LPG are used in
the distillation process, Kerosene is used for reinjection back into the oil well to
help the flow of the heavy crude oil, Heavy Fuel Oil is used for electrical power
generation and asphalt for roadway construction
construction.
2%
2%
Off Gas
18%
29% LPG
Gasoline (95 RON)
7% LS Kerosene
LS Diesel
HFO
20% 21% Asphalt
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12. Modular Refining
We can provide the following Modular Oil Refining Process
Units:
• ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION UNIT (ADU) ‐ separates the
different fractions of the crude oil according to boiling
range into naphtha, kerosene, diesel, and residuum
products. it operates at less than 15 psig.
• VACUUM DISTILLATION UNIT (VDU) ‐ performs the same
( ) p
function as an ADU, but operates at a pressure of less
than zero psig. it produces products like marine fuel oil
(MDO) and asphalt from the ADU residuum (heavy fuel
oil).
• CATALYTIC REFORMER UNIT (CRU) ‐ produces high octane
gasoline from naphtha.
• HYDRODESULFURIZATION UNIT (HDS) ‐ removes sulfur
and other impurities from naphtha and distillate fuels.
• HYDROCRACKER UNIT (HCU) ‐ produces naphtha,
kerosene, and diesel from heavy feedstocks like VDU
distillates.
• DESALTER ‐ removes salt from crude oil prior to
distillation to prevent fouling and corrosion.
• SPLITTER/STABILIZER ‐ separates a feedstock into two
products.
• FLARE ‐ combusts any excess vapor released by process
equipment. 1
2

13. We can supply the following Modular Gas Processing
Modular Gas Processing Components:
• FIELD COMPRESSION SYSTEM ‐ raises the gas pressure from
the well heads to the pressure required for gas transmission.
• AMINE TREATER ‐ removes hydrogen sulfde (H2S) and carbon
dioxide (CO2) from the gas stream. Amine gas treating, also
known as gas sweetening and acid gas removal, refers to a
group of processes that use aqueous solutions of various
amines.
i
• GLYCOL DEHYDRATOR removes enough water to prevent
freezing during transmission or processing. Design pressures
are available from 230 psig to 2,160 psig.
• MOLE SIEVE DEHYDRATOR removes all of the water from a
gas stream. this unit is used when the gas is processed to
very low temperatures (less than ‐40 F)
40 F).
• NATURAL GAS PROCESSING PLANT removes natural gas
liquids (ngls) from a gas stream. the gas is cooled until the
desired ngls condense. the raw natural gas must be purified
to meet the quality standards specified by the major pipeline
transmission and distribution companies. these quality
sta da ds a y
standards vary by pipeline and are usually a function of the
p pe e a d a e usua y u ct o o t e
pipeline system design and the markets served.
• NGL FRACTIONATOR recovers ngls by distillation in
demethanizing, deethanizing, depropanizing, and
debutanizing fractionation columns. Each fractionation
column removes a component from the ngl stream.
• FLARE combusts any excess vapor released by process
equipment.
• CLAUS UNIT recovers elemental sulfur from H2S
1
3

14. Chemex PMA system advantages are as follows:
Proprietary Design ‐ Chemex's formulation technology
and mechanical design provide the highest flexibility and
efficiency available b minimizing th quantity of
ffi i il bl by i i ii the tit f
polymer and/or additives required to meet specification
requirements.
• Flexibility – Chemex's equipment configuration allows
for a PMA plant capable of blending up to 15% of
POLYMER MODIFIED ASPHALT polymer concentrates into a wide variety of asphalt base
stocks, with operating viscosities of up to 8,000
Polymer‐modified asphalt (PMA) is produced through centistokes.
the addition of a polymer (and usually several other • Chemex equipment can be designed to process from
chemical components in smaller amounts) to liquid hot 250 to 1400 tons per day of PMA, while heating the
base asphalt. The purpose of producing PMA is to asphalt to the required mix temperature.
provide asphalt that meets the new Superpave
requirements, with added strength and flexibility at a • Automated Process ‐ The Chemex design controls the
wider temperature range than non‐modified asphalt
asphalt. p y
polymer addition rate automatically, maintaining the
y, g
desired polymer concentration based on the asphalt
flow rate into the mixing tank. Chemex's automated
Chemex has extensive expertise in PMA blending for a process provides improved metering and regulation
wide variety of applications. Our design flexibility will versus manual versions.
reflect your company's needs regarding key design
parameters such as capacity, level of automation, • Thorough Polymer Dispersion ‐ Chemex's process
equipment preferences, and material handling to ensure incorporates a combination of high temperature, high‐
complete customer satisfaction. shear mixing and automation that provide a thoroughly
mixing,
dispersed polymer.
Our process utilizes proprietary technology and the most • Avoiding Phase Separation ‐ The formulations used by
recent developments in formulation and equipment Chemex impede phase separation. Both mechanical and
configuration. Our design can be highly automated to chemical measures are used to provide a stable,
allow blending of a wide variety of polymers into a wide homogeneous, blended PMA product. Chemex's
variety of asphalt base stocks Our process has the
stocks. proprietary design allows the polymer to "network"
network
flexibility to minimize modifier and operating costs while within the asphalt, creating a homogeneous mixture.
maximizing product value.
1
4

15. We can offer an Engineering and Design Package for the
Minirefineries, including On‐Site advisory services for
3‐D Design and Rendering
equipment installation, commissioning, start‐up and test run.
SCHEDULE A ‐ PROCESS SCHEDULE B ‐ CONSTRUCTION
DESIGN PACKAGE DESIGN PACKAGE
• process simulation; • structural steel design
• process fow diagram (PFD); drawings f kid
d i for skids;
• piping and instrumentation • foundation design skids;2.
diagrams (P&IDs); • equipment general
• electrical single line diagram; arrangement drawings;
• heat exchanger data sheets; • equipment d
i t drawings;
i
• air cooler data sheets; • piping drawings;
• pump data sheets; • electrical location diagram;
• ASMe Section VIII pressure • instrumentation location
vessel data sheets; diagram;
di
• electrical and • electrical wiring diagrams;
instrumentation and
equipment lists; and • instrumentation wiring
• process unit site plan.
it it l diagrams.
diagrams
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16. Fabrication
• Our Modular Refineries are designed with skid‐mounted
modular equipment for placement on concrete slab
foundations. With conventional foundation‐mounted
equipment, each piece of equipment is placed on its individual
foundation and welders pipe the equipment together. This
“stick‐built” method requires longer construction time than
Chemex s
Chemex’s modular fabrication
fabrication.
• Chemex manufactures brand new or refurbished process units
in its facilities in Bakersfeld, California. We offer clients the
option of using refurbished process equipment with a
warranty equal to new equipment since using refurbished
process equipment can result in substantial cost savings and
accelerated completion schedules when compared with new
equipment.
• Our equipment is designed to be transported by land or sea to
any location. The equipment is fabricated in the same
configuration as th process unit site plan. All piping,
fi ti the it it l i i
instruments, and electrical connections are made among the
skids and tested. after completion of testing, the equipment is
disassembled, packed, shrink‐wrapped, and shipped from
Bakersfield or from the Port of Houston.
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17. Installation
• We can provide personnel to advise the buyer of the final assembly
and construction at each site. We can also provide local project
p p j
management. When the equipment arrives at the facility site, it is
unloaded and set on the concrete slab foundations. Final skid
placement and elevations are checked against the drawings and skids
are shimmed and adjusted accordingly. After the equipment is in
j gy q p
place, assembly of the interconnecting spools begins. The equipment
is literally bolted together with very little welding required. The
process equipment can usually be assembled and ready to start up
within thirty days.
17

18. Commissioning and Start‐Up
• We can provide advisors for the
p
commissioning of the process equipment.
All rotating equipment, instrumentation,
and electrical equipment require
preparation for operation Piping is
operation.
pressure tested and/or vacuum tested.
The equipment is purged and made ready
for startup by our advisory crew.
Test Run
• The twenty‐four hour test run confirms
the design of the process equipment Our
equipment.
advisors advise the operating personnel
about the proper operation of the
equipment to achieve the intended
results.
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19. Sample Modular Refinery Projects
• Indonesia, 6,000 BPD
• Atmospheric Distillation
p
Unit
• Vacuum Distillation Unit
• Shipped in 10 months
after contact signing
• Commissioned in 2009
19

20. Sample Modular Refinery Projects
p y j
• Nigeria 1 000
Nigeria, 1,000
BPD
• Atmospheric
Distillation Unit
Di till ti U it
• Shipped 9
Months after
contract signing
• Installation in
Progress
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21. Pulsor™
Crude Oil Solvents PE&C
• We are very proud of our association with SynChem Technologies,
LLC, a Subsidiary of Prime Energy & Chemicals, LLC, and
manufacturer of the Pulsor™ technology which provides effective
Pulsor effective,
responsible solutions to Heavy Hydrocarbon problems in the
global Oil and Gas industry. The Pulsor™ process utilizes
proprietary hydrocarbon solvents that are 100% biodegradable,
non‐toxic, non‐corrosive and refinery compatible. These solvents
maximize production rates through the removal of paraffin wax
and asphaltenes deposits Their flash point is much higher than
deposits.
competing solvents, providing increased safety and lower
transportation cost. They are effective in a wide range of climatic
conditions.
• The Pulsor™ Series powerful suite of solvents is designed to solve
the problems normally associated with organic deposition (wax
and asphaltenes) f
d h lt ) from ddown h l activities t refinery operations,
hole ti iti to fi ti
and to tackle the environmental and personnel safety challenges
that confront today’s oil producers and refinery operators.
• Pulsor™ has been successfully applied in multiple‐field
applications to enhance production levels and to break down
heavy Hydrocarbon compounds in tubular pipes, flow lines and
Solvent Wax Asphaltenes
other associated equipment. The products not only act many
times faster than competitive solvents but with a greater retention
PL‐35 √√√
value. These solvents have proven to continue breaking down
Hydrocarbon deposits from upstream activities to pipelines and PL‐50 √√ √
storage tank facilities. PL‐65 √ √√
• The Pulsor™ solvents are not only biodegradable, but they are also
y g , y PL‐95
PL 95 √√√
benign to the refining process, eliminating the need to remove the
products prior to the refining process. The Pulsor™ Series Solvents
are considered to be refinery friendly in every aspect.
21

22. Prime Energy & Chemical ‐ T h l i
Pi E & Ch i l Technologies
• Non‐toxic, Biodegradable Solvents to
, g
allow heavy Crudes Oils to be extracted
from new or old capped wells.
22

23. Prime Energy & Chemical ‐
Prime Energy & Chemical ‐ Technologies
• Several actual
older capped
older capped
wells reactivated
by our Solvents.
23

24. Power Generation
• The main cost over the lifecycle of a Diesel engine or
Combustion Turbine Generating Unit by far is the cost of fuel,
g y ,
which can be reduced by installing the generating equipment as
close as possible to a Minirefinery to reduce the transportation
cost of the fuel.
24

25. Power Generation
• The Diesel distillates and the Heavy Fuel Oil produced in a
modular Minirefinery can be used in electrical power
generating plants in several configurations which we can
provide on a Turn‐Key installed basis.
25

26. Power Generation
• HFO medium speed Diesel engine generating units with HFO
filtering, heating and centrifuging treatment. These are
typically in the 1 to 15 Megawatt range in simple cycle to
produce electricity or i a cogeneration system t also
d l t i it in ti t to l
produce hot water, process steam or steam for flash
distillation desalination or absorption chilled water systems.
26

27. Power Generation
• Industrial Combustion Turbine Generating units rated 40 to 75
g
MW use Diesel 2 or HFO with a filtering, heating and centrifuging
system. Can be supplied in simple or combined cycle with a Heat
Recovery Steam Generator feeding Steam Turbine Generating
units to minimize the fuel consumption rate, or to a flash
distillation desalination process or absorption chilled water
system.
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28. Power Generation
• Di l 2 can b used i hi h speed Di l
Diesel be d in high d Diesel
engine generating units from 500 KW to 3 MW
for t db
f standby or peaking use.
ki
28

29. Power Generation
• Diesel 2 or Kerosene ( i l 1) can b used i Aeroderivative Turbine
i l (Diesel be d in d i i bi
Generating units from 3 to 100 MW or in Industrial Combustion Turbine
Generating units from 40 to 200 MW. These Industrial Combustion
Generating units can also be used in combined cycle to improve fuel
efficiency.
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30. Contact Information
For any further information contact:
KUAI Energy Systems
951 Brickell Avenue, Suite 3811
Miami, Florida 33131, USA
Telephones: +1‐305‐219‐0489, +1‐305‐632‐
2319
E‐mail: rarrondo@kuaienergy.com
cvillegas@kuaienergy.com
Website: www.kuaienergy.com
gy
Skype: rpower2
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