As the first President of the United States, George Washington faced many challenges in establishing the new government. He assembled the first Cabinet and helped create the federal court system. Alexander Hamilton proposed an ambitious economic plan that included paying off national debt, establishing the Bank of the United States, and implementing protective tariffs. Political divisions emerged in the 1790s with the formation of the Federalist Party led by Hamilton and the Democratic-Republican Party led by Thomas Jefferson, who disagreed on interpreting the Constitution and economic policies.

1. The Early Republic Launching the New Government

2. Chapter 9, Section 1: Washington Takes Office

3. Main Idea As the nation’s first President, George Washington faced many economic and political challenges.

4. I. Washington’s First Steps Everything he did set a precedent for those who followed Stepped down after 2 terms First Cabinet Federal Court System

5. I. Washington’s First Steps Washington’s Cabinet: Made up by: Heads of departments Two most influential leaders: Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson Job of the Cabinet To give advice to Washington

6. I. Washington’s First Steps Federal Court System: Set up by the Judiciary Act 1 chief justice and 5 associate justices First Chief Justice of the U.S.: John Jay

7. II. Hamilton’s Plan Proposed paying off national debt Debt of Federal goovernment and states 1790 - Compromise put US capital in District of Columbia and paid off debt 1791- Established Bank of the United States and protective tariffs

8. II. Hamilton’s Plan Job of the Bank: Pay off gvn’t bills Make loans Protective Tariffs: Purpose: to protect local industry from foreign compitition

9. III.The Whiskey Rebellion (1794) Backcountry farmers refused to pay the tax Washington showed the strength, and mercy of the new gvn’t by: Pardoning all people involved

10. Chapter 9, Section 2: Creating a Foreign Policy

11. Main Idea As the French Revolution and wars raged in Europe, President Washington steered a neutral course in foreign affairs.

12. I. Foreign Policy Washington advocated a policy of neutrality in foreign affairs Neutrality Proclamation: Not support either side

13. I. Foreign Policy Jay’s Treaty: Britain must pay for damages to U.S. ships Britain must give up forts in the west (U.S.) U.S. must pay debts to British Merchants

14. Chapter 9, Section 3: Political Parties Emerge

15. Main Idea During the 1790s, two political parties were formed: the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans

16. I. Federalists Led by: ___________ Believed wealthy and well-educated should lead nation Favored strong central government Favored manufacturing, trade, cities

17. I. Federalists (cont’d) Preferred loose interpretation of the Constitution Wanted close ties with Britain Supported national bank Supported protective tariffs

18. II. Democratic-Republicans Led by: _________________ Believed people should have political power Wanted to keep federal gvn’t small/have strong state gvn’t Believed farming should be the backbone of the nation

19. II. Democratic-Republicans (cont’d) Supported strict interpretation of Constitution Favored ties with France Opposed national bank Opposed protective tariffs

20. III. Election of 1796 John Adams (Federalist) won Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) finished second President and Vice President from different political parties