This presentation contains an introduction to emerging healthcare Technologies. These emerging technologies include Data Analytics, AI, Blockchain, Telehealth, virtual reality, cloud computing, and IOT. The concept of Nanorobots as future medicine is also included in this presentation.

1. Emerging Technologies in Healthcare
Dr. Anil M. Pethe
School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS, Hyderabad Campus
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Disclaimer
 This presentation is based on publicly available information.
 The views presented are the views of the presenter, not necessarily to
author’s employer, organization.
 These slides are intended for educational purposes only and for the
personal use of the audience.
 The content of this slide deck is accurate to the best of the
presenter’s knowledge at the time of production.

3. Generations & Future Computers
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4. Top Mobile Handsets in 2009 Top Mobile Handsets in 2019
Top Mobile Handset in 1999
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5. Top 10 pharmaceutical products by sales worldwide (in million U.S. dollars)
Sr.
No.
Products
in 2009
Drugs Company
1 Lipitor Atorvastatin (Lipid
lowering)
Pfizer
2 Nexium Esomeprazole
(antacid)
AstraZeneca
3 Plavix Clopidogrel (antiplatelet) Apotex
4 Adavair
Diskus
Fluticasone/salmeterol
(Asthma)
GSK
5 Seroquel Quetiapine (antipsychotic) AstraZeneca
6 Singulair Montelukast (Asthma) MSD
7 Enbrel Etanercept (autoimmune
disorder)
Wyeth
(Pfizer)
8 Actos Pioglitazone (antidiabetic) GSK
9 Prevacid Lansoprazole
(Peptic ulcer)
Takeda
10 Neulasta Pegfilgrastim (Bone
marrow stimulation
Amgen
Sr.
No.
Products
in 2019
Drugs Company
1 Humira Adalimumab
(TNF blocker for RA)
Abbot
2 Eliquis Apixaban
(Oral anticoagulant)
(BMS/Pfizer)
3 Revlimid Lenalidomide
(anticancer)
(Celgene)
4 Opdivo Nivolumab
(Lung cancer)
(BMS/Ono
Pharm.)
5 Keytruda Pembrolizumab
(anticancer)
(Merck & Co.)
6 Enbrel Etanercept (for RA) (Amgen/Pfizer)
7 Herceptin Trastuzumab
(Breast cancer)
(Roche)
8 Avastin Bevacizumab (anticancer) (Roche)
9 Rituxan Rituximab (anticancer) (Roche/Biogen)
10 Xarelto Rivaroxaban
(anticoagulant)
(Bayer/J&J)
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7. Top 10 new medical technologies of 2019
10. Smart Inhalers
9. Robotic Surgery
8. Wireless Brain Sensors
7. 3-D Printing
6. Artificial Organs
5. Health Wearable's
4. Precision Medicine
3. Virtual Reality
2. Tele-health
1. Clustered Regularly Interspaced
Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)
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Reference: www.preclinical.com

8. • Inhalers are the main treatment option for asthma and if taken
correctly, will be effective for 90% of patients. However, in
reality, research shows that only about 50% of patients have their
condition under control and as many as 94% don’t use inhalers
properly.
• To help asthma sufferers to better manage their condition, Bluetooth-
enabled smart inhalers have been developed.
• A small device is attached to the inhaler which records the date and
time of each dose and whether it was correctly administered.
• This data is then sent to the patients’ smartphones so they can keep
track of and control their condition. Clinical trials showed that using the
smart inhaler device used less reliever medicine and had more reliever-
free days.
• Teva has introduced ProAir Digihaler (albuterol sulphate) in US
market & approved by USFDA in Jan 2019.
• The companies which are working on Smart Inhaler Technology are
3M, Adherium, Cohero Health, Propeller Health, and Teva
Smart Inhalers
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9. • Robotic surgery is used in minimally invasive procedures and
helps to aid in precision, control and flexibility.
• During robotic surgery, surgeons can perform very complex
procedures that are otherwise either highly difficult or
impossible.
• As the technology improves, it can be combined with
augmented reality to allow surgeons to view important
additional information about the patient in real time while
still operating.
• While the invention raises concerns that it will eventually
replace human surgeons, it is likely to be used only to assist
and enhance surgeons’ work in the future.
• The first robotic radical prostatectomy in India was performed
in AIIMS in July 2006
Robotic surgery
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Gujarat Doctor Makes History, Performs World's 1st
Robotic Heart Surgery 30 km Away from Patient
• Dr Patel, who is the chief interventional cardiologist at Ahmedabad-based Apex Heart
Institute, guided the robot to perform the surgery on the patient from the Akshardham
Temple in Gandhinagar, around 30 kilometres away. (5th December 2018)

11. Wireless brain sensors
• Thanks to plastics, medical advances have allowed scientists and
doctors to team up and create bioresorbable electronics that
can be placed in the brain and dissolve when they are no longer
needed, according to Plasticstoday.com.
• This medical device will aid doctors in measuring the
temperature and pressure within the brain.
• Since the sensors are able to dissolve, they reduce the need for
additional surgeries.
• A team of materials science engineers from the University of
Illinois and neurosurgeons from the Washington University
School of Medicine have developed a type of wireless brain
sensor that can monitor intracranial pressure and temperature,
then dissolve and be absorbed by the body.
• The sensors consist of polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and
silicone, and are capable of transmitting accurate pressure and
temperature readings, as well as other information.
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12. • 3-D printers have quickly become one of the hottest technologies on
the market. These printers can be used to create implants and even
joints to be used during surgery.
• 3-D-printed prosthetics are increasingly popular as they
are entirely bespoke, the digital functionalities enabling them to
match an individual’s measurements down to the millimetre.
• The use of printers can create both long lasting and soluble items.
For example, 3-D printing can be used to ‘print’ pills that contain
multiple drugs, which will help patients with the organisation, timing
and monitoring of multiple medications. This is a true example of
technology and medicine working together.
• The first 3D-printed drug to receive approval from the U.S. Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) is now being shipped to pharmacies.
Pennsylvania-based Aprecia Pharmaceuticals 3D-printed Spritam
(levetiracetam) tablets are used to treat epilepsy.
3-D printing
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13. • To take 3D printing up another notch, bio-printing is
also an emerging medical technology.
• While it was initially ground-breaking to be able to
regenerate skin cells for skin draughts for burn
victims, this has slowly given way to even more
exciting possibilities.
• Scientist have been able to create blood
vessels, synthetic ovaries and even a pancreas.
• These artificial organs then grow within the
patient’s body to replace original faulty one. The
ability to supply artificial organs that are not
rejected by the body’s immune system could be
revolutionary, saving millions of patients that
depend on life-saving transplants every year.
Artificial organs
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14. • The demand for wearable devices has grown since their introduction in
the past few years, since the release of bluetooth in 2000.
• People today use their phone to track everything from their steps,
physical fitness and heartbeat, to their sleeping patterns.
• The advancement of these wearable technologies is in conjunction with
rising chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and aim
to combat these by helping patients to monitor and improve their
fitness.
• In late 2018, Apple made headlines with their ground breaking Apple
Series 4 Watch that has an integrated ECG to monitor the wearer's heart
rhythms. Within days of its release, customers were raving about the life
saving technology, which is able to detect potentially dangerous heart
conditions much earlier than usual.
• The wearable devices market is forecast to reach $67 billion by 2024.
Health wearables
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16. • As medical technology advances it is becoming more and more personalised to individual
patients. Precision medicine, for example, allows physicians to select medicines and
therapies to treat diseases, such as cancer, based on an individual’s genetic make-up.
Precision medicine
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17. • Virtual reality has been around for some time.
However, recently, with medical and technological
advances, medical students have been able to get
close to real life experience using technology.
• Sophisticated tools help them gain the experience they
need by rehearsing procedures and providing a visual
understanding of how the human anatomy is
connected.
• The VR devices will also serve as a great aid for
patients, helping with diagnosis, treatment plans and
to help prepare them for procedures they are facing.
• It has also proved very useful in patient rehabilitation
and recovery.
Virtual reality
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18. • In a technologically driven world, it’s thought that as many
as 60% of customers prefer digitally-led services.
• Tele-health describes a quickly developing technology that
allows patients to receive medical care through their digital
devices, instead of waiting for face-to-face appointments
with their doctor.
• Highly-personalised mobile apps are being developed which
allow patients to speak virtually with physicians and other
medical professionals to receive instant diagnosis and
medical advice.
• It is particularly useful for patients managing chronic
conditions as it provides them with consistent, convenient
and cost-effective care.
• The global telemedicine market is expected to be worth
$113.1 billion by 2025.
Tele-health
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19. • Telemedicine is a fast-emerging sector in India.
• As of FY 2016, it was valued at $15 million and is expected to
rise at a CAGR)of 20% during FY 2016-20, reaching up to $32
million by 2020.
• The role of telemedicine had largely been limited to use in
under-served areas, the COVID-19 crisis has changed this and
brought telemedicine to the mainstream.
• For a bulk of people needing medical consultation,
telemedicine has become the first line of choice at this moment
as people are asked to stay home and hospitals suspend non-
emergency Out Patient Departments (OPDs).
• Telemedicine will revolutionize the Indian healthcare system in
the days to come, especially in the current health crisis due to
the COVID-19 epidemic
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Tele-health in India

20. • Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is the most advanced
gene-editing technology yet.
• It works by harnessing the natural mechanisms of the immune systems of bacterium
cells of invading viruses, which is then able to ‘cut out’ infected DNA strands. This
cutting of DNA is what has the power to potentially transform the way we treat
disease. By modifying genes, some of the biggest threats to our health, like cancer and
HIV, could potentially be overcome in a matter of years.
• However, as with all powerful tools there are several controversies surrounding its
widespread use, mostly over humanity’s right to ‘play God’ and worries over gene-editing
being used to produce hordes of designer babies.
• CRISPR is still a first-generation tool and its full capabilities are not yet understood.
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)
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22. Technology trends
in Healthcare that
will shape the
industry in 2020
and beyond?????
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1. Tele-health
2. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)
Health Wearable's
3. The Cloud
4. Block chain
5. Artificial Intelligence
6. Virtual Reality
7. Data Analytics

24. • Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources,
especially data storage and computing power, without direct active management
by the user. The term is generally used to describe data centers available to many
users over the Internet.
• Here are the ways cloud consulting is impacting healthcare.
1. Lowering of Costs
• Hospitals and healthcare providers are freed from the need not to purchase the
hardware and servers. There are no up-front charges associated with cloud storage
of data. They have to only pay for the resources actually use which results in
massive cost savings.
2. Ease Of Interoperability
• Having the patient’s data in the cloud also promotes interoperability among the
various segments of the healthcare industry- pharmaceuticals, insurance, and
payments. This allows for a seamless transfer of data between the different
stakeholders thus accelerating healthcare delivery and introducing efficiency in the
process. 25
Cloud Computing in Healthcare

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• A block chain carries no transaction cost. The block chain is a simple yet
ingenious way of passing information from A to B in a fully automated
and safe manner.
• One party to a transaction initiates the process by creating a block. This
block is verified by thousands, perhaps millions of computers distributed
around the net.
• The verified block is added to a chain, which is stored across the net,
creating not just a unique record, but a unique record with a unique
history.
• Falsifying a single record would mean falsifying the entire chain in
millions of instances. That is virtually impossible.
• Bitcoin uses this model for monetary transactions, but it can be deployed
in many other ways.
Block chain Technology

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Block chain Technology

27. • Blockchain is used to protect patient data and improve the overall
healthcare experience.
• The technology is already being used to do everything from securely
encrypt patient data to manage the outbreak of harmful diseases and at
least one country is big on the potential of blockchain healthcare: Estonia.
• Estonia began using blockchain technology in 2012 to secure healthcare
data and process transactions.
• Now all of the country's healthcare billing is handled on a blockchain, 95%
of health information is ledger-based and 99% of all prescription
information is digital
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Block chain Technology

28. • Data is everywhere.
• The amount of digital data that exists is growing at a rapid rate, doubling every two
years, and changing the way we live.
• An article by Forbes states that data is growing faster than ever before.
• By the year 2020, about 1.7 megabytes of new information will be created every
second for every human being on the planet, which makes it extremely important
to know the basics of the field at least.
• After all, here is where our future lies.
• Data Science is the combination of statistics, mathematics, programming, problem-
solving, capturing data in ingenious ways, the ability to look at things differently,
and the activity of cleansing, preparing, and aligning the data.
• In simple terms, it is the umbrella of techniques used when trying to extract
insights and information from data.
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Data Analytics

29. Big Data
• A buzzword that is used to describe immense volumes of data, both
unstructured and structured, Big Data inundates a business on a day-to-
day basis. Big Data is something that can be used to analyze insights that
can lead to better decisions and strategic business moves.
Data Analytics
 The science of examining raw data to conclude that information.
 Data Analytics involves applying an algorithmic or mechanical process to
derive insights and, for example, running through several data sets to look
for meaningful correlations between each other.
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Data Analytics

30. • Healthcare analytics is the collection and analysis of data in the healthcare
industry in order to gain insights and support decision-making.
• From key areas like medical costs, clinical data, patient behavior, and
pharmaceuticals, healthcare analytics can be used on both macro and
micro levels to effectively streamline operations, improve patient care, and
lower overall costs.
• Healthcare data is the most complex of any industry. From electronic health
records (EHR) to monitoring real-time vital signs, data not only comes from
several sources but has to comply with government regulations.
• It’s a difficult and delicate process and requires a level of security and
connectivity only an embedded analytics solution can provide.
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Data Analytics in Healthcare

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 Considering the current situation,
Analytics Insight predicts the number
of cases in India to rise to 13,420 with
412 deaths by 1st May 2020.
 “We modeled the COVID-19
coronavirus cases in India based on
current case data to predict the
cumulative number of reported cases
to final size.
 The key features of our model are
current cases, new cases per day, the
implementation of major public
policies, the identification and
isolation of unreported cases,
preparedness of the country and the
recovery rate,”

32. • The primary aim of health related AI
applications is to analyse
relationships between prevention or
treatment techniques and patient
outcomes.
• AI programs have been developed
and applied to practices such as
diagnosis, drug development,
personalized medicine and patient
monitoring.
• IBM and Google have developed AI
algorithms for healthcare.
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Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

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Nano Robots: Medicine of the Future

34. • Robotics is the branch of technology that
deals with the design, construction,
operation, structural disposition,
manufacture and application of robots.
• Robotics is related to the sciences of,
engineering, electronics, mechanics and
software
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Robotics?

35.  Nanorobots are tiny machines used to cure diseases in human or
in any organism.
 Performs task at nanoscale dimensions.
 The size of nanorobots is 10-9 m.
 The prefix ‘nano’ means billionth.
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What are Nano Robots?

36. The various components in nanorobot include power supply, fuel tank, sensors, motors,
manipulators, onboard computers, pumps, pressure tanks and structural support. The
structures include:
 Payload: The void section hold a small dose of drug or medicine. The nanorobots could
transverse in the blood and release the drug to the site of infection or injury.
 Micro camera: The nanorobot may include a miniature camera. The operator can steer
the nanorobot when navigating through the body manually.
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Components of Nano Robots

37. Electrodes: The electrodes mounted on the nanorobot could form the
battery using the electrolytes in the blood. These protruding electrodes
could also kill the cancer cells by generating an electric current and
heating the cell up to death.
Lasers: These lasers could burn the harmful material like arterial
plaque, blood clots or cancer cells.
Ultra sonic signal generators: These generators are used when the
nanorobots are used to target and destroy kidney stones.
Swimming tail: The Nano robot will require a means of propulsion to
get into the body as they travel against the flow of blood in the body.
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Components of Nano Robots

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39.  Nanobots
 Nanoids
 Nanites
 Nanomachines
 Nanomites
 Nano spiders
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Size & Shapes of Nano Robots

40.  Rapid elimination of disease.
 Nanorobot might function at the atomic and molecular level to build
devices, machines or circuits known as molecular manufacturing.
 Nanorobots might also produce copies of themselves to replace worn-
out units, a process called self-replication.
 The major advantage of nanorobots is thought to be their durability, in
theory, they can remain operational for years, decades or centuries.
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Advantages of Nano Robots

41. The nanorobot should be very accurate otherwise harmful
events may occur.
The initial design cost is very high.
The design of robot is very complicated
Hard to design.
Regulatory Issues
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Disadvantages of Nano Robots

42.  Nanorobotics in drug delivery
 Nanorobotics in Surgery
 Diagnosis and Testing
 Nanorobotics in Gene Therapy
 Nanorobots in Cancer Detection & treatment
 Nanorobots in diabetes
 Parasite removal
 Breaking up of kidney stones
 Arteriosclerosis
 Breaking up blood clots
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Nano Robots Medical Applications

43. • Nanorobot can be useful tool in drug delivery applications.
• A study, by researchers at the Interdisciplinary Centre, in Herzliya, and Bar Ilan
University, in Ramat Gan, Israel, solved those problems by building a nanorobot that
could be switched on and off to release drugs within the body when needed.
• The team built the nanorobot out of DNA folded in such a way that drugs could be
tethered inside. The nanorobot also has a gate, controlled by exposure to
electromagnetic energy, that opens and closes to release the drug into the surrounding
environment – in this case, the body of a West Indian leaf cockroach.
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Nano Robots in Drug Delivery

44.  Surgical nanorobots are introduced into the human
body through vascular systems and other cavities.
 Surgical nanorobot performs various functions like
searching for pathogens, and then diagnosis.
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Nano Robots in Surgery

45. Blood vessels play an important role in supplying
blood to all parts of our body.
Due to the fatty deposition on the walls of blood
vessels blood will not move freely to all parts.
These leads to heart attacks and damage the vital
organs.
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Nano Robots in Heart Surgery

46.  Medical nanorobots are used for the purpose of diagnosis, testing
and monitoring of microorganisms, tissues and cells in the blood
stream.
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Nano Robots in Diagnosis and Testing

47.  Nanorobots are also applicable in treating genetic
diseases, by relating the molecular structures of DNA and
proteins in the cell.
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Nano Robots in Gene Replacement

48.  Nanorobots with embedded chemical biosensors are used for detecting the
tumor cells in early stages of cancer development inside a patient’s body.
 A doctor offers the patient an injection of a nanorobot.
 Seeks out cancer cells and destroy them.
 Dispells the disease at the source, leaving the healthy cells untouched.
 The patients has no awareness of devices working inside them.
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Nano Robots in Cancer Treatment

49. • Nowadays patients with diabetes must take small blood samples many
times a day to control their glucose levels. Such procedures are
uncomfortable and extremely inconvenient.
• To solve this problem, Adriano Cavalcanti and his colleagues published for
the first time the detailed work describing a medical nano robot hardware
architecture for blood sugar level monitoring.
• The nanorobots may use embedded nanobiosensors to monitor blood
glucose levels, and transmit every two hours this information through RF
signals for mobile phones carried with the patient.
• If the glucose is eventually not inside the desired levels,
the nanorobots activate a pre-programmed tune in the cellular phone,
which may alert the patient to take any necessary action regarding the
diabetes control with prescribed medicaments
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Nano Robots in Diabetes Monitoring

50. • Nanorobots would function similarly to the white blood cells in our
bodies, but they are designed to be much faster at destroying bacteria.
• This type of nanorobots should be able to eliminate bacterial infections
in a patient within minutes, as opposed to the weeks required for
antibiotics to take effect.
• Microbivore nanorobots are designed so that antibodies attach to the
particular bacteria the robot is seeking.
• After bacteria attaches to an antibody, an arm grabs the bacteria and
moves it to the inside of the nanorobot, where it’s destroyed. Bacteria is
then discharged into the bloodstream as harmless fragments.
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Nano Robots in Infection

51.  Nanorobots might carry small ultrasonic signal generators
to deliver frequencies directly to kidney stones
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Nano Robots in Kidney Stones

52.  Nanorobots may treat conditions like arteriosclerosis by
physically chipping away the plaque along artery walls
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Nano Robots in Arteriosclerosis

53. • Although the nano robot production is still at a nascent stage, scientists are
working hard to develop these tiny systems and hopefully come up with
functional autonomous nano robots sometime in the next two decades.
• Nano robots, AI, Data Science, Block chain, 3D Printing, Robotic surgery, VR
are going to revolutionize the healthcare industry in future.
• Technology may rule us !
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Conclusion

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Key References

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