The document discusses health technology and health technology assessment. It begins by defining health, technology, and health technology. It then discusses how health technologies are used at various levels of healthcare. The purpose of health technology includes developing frameworks for safe services and technologies. Areas of health technology include essential medicines and medical devices. Health technology assessment systematically evaluates health technologies and informs policymaking. It discusses the steps, purposes, and expertise involved in health technology assessment. The document also discusses health technologies and decision making, analyzing barriers and facilitators of evidence-based decision making in healthcare. It provides an example of a research article on physicians' and students' strategies for health information seeking after introducing digital libraries and technologies in Iranian hospitals.

1. HEALTH
TECHNOLOG
Y
BY-
PRAMOD KUMAR

2. HEALTH: -
Health is a state of
complete physical,
mental and social
well-being and not
merely the absence
of disease or
infirmity.

3. TECHNOLOGY:
The branch of knowledge that
deals with the creation and
use of technical means and
their interrelation with life,
society, and the environment,
drawing upon such subjects
as industrial arts,
engineering, applied science,
and pure science.

4. HEALTH TECHNOLOGY:
It is the prevention and
rehabilitation, vaccines,
pharmaceuticals and
devices, medical and
surgical procedures, and
the systems within
which health is protected
and maintained.

5. Continue…
 Health technologies are
used at every level of the
health care system from the
simplest to the most
advanced.
 They form the backbone of
the services medicine can
offer in the prevention,
diagnosis and treatment of
illness and disease.

6. PURPOSE:
 Develop and maintain basic
operational frameworks for
safe and reliable health
services and technologies.
 Help Member States complete
the basic operational
frameworks through project
proposals prepared by
Member States.

7. Continue…Develop norms and
standards, guidelines,
training materials,
reference materials and
estimation of burden of
disease.
Focus on diseases of the
poor.

8. AREAS OF HEALTH
TECHNOLOGY:

9. ESSENTIALITY:

10. HEALTH TECHNOLOGY
ASSESSMENT (HTA)
Health technology
assessment is the
systematic evaluation
of properties, effects or
other impacts of health
technology.

11. CONTINUE…
 The main purpose of HTA is to inform
policymaking for technology in health
care, where policymaking is used in
the broad sense to include decisions
made at, e.g., the individual or
patient level, the level of the health
care provider or institution, or at
the regional, national and
international levels.

12. BASIC HTA ORIENTATIONS
1. Technology-oriented assessments: -
These are intended to determine the
characteristics or impacts of particular
technologies.
For example, a government agency may want
to determine the clinical, economic, social,
professional, or industrial impacts of population-
based cancer screening, cochlear implants, or
other particular interventions.

13. CONTINUE…
2. Problem-oriented assessments:-
 It focuses on solutions or strategies for managing a
particular problem for which alternative or
complementary technologies might be used.
 For example, clinicians and providers concerned
with the problem of diagnosis of dementia may call
for the development of clinical practice guidelines
involving some combination or sequence of clinical
history, neurological examination, and diagnostic
imaging using various modalities.

14. CONTINUE…
3. Project-oriented assessments:-
 It focus on a local placement or use of a technology
in a particular institution, program, or other
designated project.
 For example, this may arise when a hospital must
decide whether or not to purchase a magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) unit, considering the
facilities, personnel, and other resources needed to
install and operate an MRI unit; the hospital's
financial status; local market potential for MRI
services; competitive factors; etc.

15. STEPS OF HTA:-
Identify
assessment topics
Specify the
assessment
problem
Determine
locus of
assessment
Retrieve
evidence
Collect new primary
data (as appropriate)
Appraise/interpr
et evidence
Integrate/syn
thesize
evidence

16. PURPOSES OF HTA:-
 Regulatory agencies such as the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
about whether to permit the
commercial use (e.g. marketing) of a
drug, device or other technology
 Health care payers, providers, and
employers about whether
technologies should be included in
health benefits plans or disease
management programs, addressing
coverage (whether or not to pay) and
reimbursement (how much to pay)

17. CONTINUE…
 Clinicians and patients about
the appropriate use of health
care interventions for a
particular patient’s clinical
needs and circumstances
 Health professional
associations about the role of
a technology in clinical
protocols or practice
guidelines

18. CONTINUE…
 Hospitals, health care networks,
group purchasing organizations,
and other health care
organizations about decisions
regarding technology acquisition
and management
 Standards-setting organizations
for health technology and health
care delivery regarding the
manufacture, use, quality of care,
and other aspects of health care
technologies

19. CONTINUE…
Government health
department officials
about undertaking public
health programs (e.g.,
vaccination, screening,
and environmental
protection programs.

20. HEALTH TECHNOLOGY
ASSESSMENT PROGRAM
(HTAP)
HTA is an innovative
program that determines if
health services used by
state government are safe
and effective.

21. CONTINUE…
The primary goals are to
make:
Health care safer by relying
on scientific evidence and a
committee of practicing
clinicians
Coverage decisions of state
agencies more consistent

22. CONTINUE…
State purchased health care
more cost effective
Coverage decision process
more open and inclusive by
sharing information, holding
public meetings, and
publishing decision criteria
and outcomes

23. EXPERTISE FOR
CONDUCTING HTA:-
Depending upon the topic and scope of
assessment, these may include a selection of the
following:
 Physicians, nurses,
dentists, and other
clinicians
 Managers of hospitals,
clinics, nursing homes,
and other health care
institutions

24. CONTINUE…
 Radiology technicians,
laboratory technicians and
other allied health
professionals
 Biomedical and clinical
engineers
 Pharmacologists
 Patients and patient affairs
representatives

25. CONTINUE…
Epidemiologists
Biostatisticians
Economists
Lawyers
Social scientists

26. CONTINUE…
Ethicists
Decision scientists
Computer
scientists/programme
rs
Librarians/information
specialists

27. HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES AND
DECISION MAKING:
 Health technology has the
tremendous potential to change our
understanding of disease,
transform the delivery of health-
care services, and improve health
outcomes. But using such
technology comes at a price.

28. CONTINUE…
 Decisions about whether to
purchase and use new
technology should be based on
high-quality evidence on its
impact on health care and health
outcomes.
 Health Technologies and
Decision Making analyses the
barriers to, and facilitators of,
evidence-based decision
making in health-care systems

29. CONTINUE…
Analysis focused on the
production of evidence,
primarily in the form of
health technology
assessment (HTA), and
the way that such
evidence is
subsequently used in
decision making.

30. RESEARCH ARTICLE:-
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON , “Strategy of
health information seeking among
physicians, medical residents and students
after introducing digital library and
information technology in teaching hospitals
of Iran,”
AMONG, 315 physicians, assistants and
medical students in affiliated hospitals of
Semnan University of medical sciences in
2013.

31. RESULT:-
 52.9% of physicians and 79.5% of medical
residents and students always used
patient data.
 81.3% of physicians and 67.1% of medical
residents and students reported using
their own experiences.
 26.5% of physicians and 16.9% of medical
residents and students always used
databases such as PubMed and MEDLINE
for patient care.