ABSTRACT It is undeniable that nowadays people are more aware of the health conditions. One of the most widely used methods to test the health conditions of an individual is to measure user blood pressure, oxygen level and heart rate. There is a huge market for non-invasive methods of measurement of these vital signs. The objective of this project is to design a algorithm in a well known NI platform (NI LabVIEW), which can easily be used with cheap, low powered and non-intrusive sensors. This project specifically deals with the data acquisition and signal conditioning of three vital signs: blood pressure, oxygen level and heart rate and also with the designing of sensors to acquire them and interfacing them with NI Data Acquisition System (DAQ). The theory, design procedures, experimental results and discussions of these systems are presented. AIM AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this project is to design a new algorithm to measure three biological parameters (Blood Pressure, Heart Rate & Pulse Oximetry SpO2) together using VI LabVIEW. It provides data acquisition system for collection, management, control and analysis of these parameters. To obtain this objective four things are required to work properly which are given below: 1. To acquire vital signs (physiological parameters) using biosensors. 2. To interface the obtained data with NI DAQ System which converts it into digital format. 3. To link the DAQ System with NI LabVIEW and design an algorithm to measure real time data in graphical interface. 4. Finally, to design & develop a graphical user interface in LabVIEW to display the outputs.

2. REAL TIME VITAL SIGNS
MONITORING USING NI LABVIEW
Muhammad Talha (Group Leader) 09BM04
Awais Mumtaz 09BM03
Ubaid Shaikh 09BM30
Jibran Memon 09BM19
Supervised by
Engr. N.P. Chowdhry
Assistant Professor
Co-supervised by
Engr. HIBA PERVAIZ
Lab Supervisor

3. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Hardware
 NI Software & DAQ System
 Methodology
 Result
 Conclusion
• Introduction
• Aim & Objective
• Problem statement
• Blood Pressure
• Pulse Oximetry (SpO2)
• Heart Rate
• Blood pressure mechanism
• SpO2 & Heart rate mechanism
• Algorithm Concept
• User Interface
• Blood Pressure
• SpO2 & Heart rate
• Saving in Excel
• Experiment
• Cost Ratio
• NI LabVIEW
• DAQ System

4. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
INTRODUCTION
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

5. INTRODUCTION
• Biomedical Engineering is a field of research of high importance in any sense
around the world. It is also a very sensitive field of engineering measurement
where delay of a second’s can cause someone life’s to death. That’s why real
time computing has great importance in the field of biomedical engineering.
• This project specifically deals with the data acquisition and signal processing
of three vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse oximetry (SpO2) using
NI LabVIEW. In this project we have designed a signal processing algorithm
by considering various biological signal computations. Through this algorithm
user can measure his/her own vital signs with low cost sensors.
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

6. AIM & OBJECTIVE
• The aim of our project was to design a new algorithm to measure three biological
parameters (Blood Pressure, Heart Rate & Pulse Oximetry SpO2) together using NI
LabVIEW.
• To obtain this objective four things were required to work properly which are given
below:
 To acquire vital signs (physiological parameters) using biosensors.
 To interface the obtained data with NI DAQ System which converts it into
digital format.
 To link the DAQ System with NI LabVIEW and design an algorithm to
measure real time data in graphical interface.
 Finally, to design & develop a graphical user interface in LabVIEW to
display the outputs.
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

7. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Measuring BP without stethoscope.
• Providing Biological parameters in digital format so it can be easily stored
and shared.
• Diagnosing lungs and cardiac problems.
• Low cost.
• Can easily be used in rural areas.
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

8. LITERATURE REVIEW
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

9. BLOOD PRESSURE
• Blood pressure (BP), sometimes it is called arterial blood pressure, is the pressure
exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels.
• During each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between a maximum (systolic) and a
minimum (diastolic) pressure.
Measurement Techniques
• Invasive (Direct measurement)
• Noninvasive (Indirect measurement)
 Auscultatory Method
 Oscillometric Method
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

10. BLOOD PRESSURE
Auscultatory Method
• Need Stethoscope
• Analog Measurement
Oscillometric Method
• Electronic Pressure sensor
• Digital Measurement
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

11. BLOOD PRESSURE
Ranges of Blood Pressure in different Ages
Stage Approximate age Systolic, mmHg Diastolic, mmHg
Infants 1 to 12 months 75–100 50–70
Toddlers 1 to 4 years 80–110 50–80
Preschoolers 3 to 5 years 80–110 50–80
School age 6 to 13 years 85–120 50–80
Adolescents 13 to 18 years 95–140 60–90
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

12. PULSE OXIMETRY (SpO2)
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
• Pulse Oximetry is a device used to measure the oxygen level in our blood.
• Our lungs have efficiency to diffuse oxygen into our blood hemoglobin to make it
oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and after the exchange of oxygen with Carbon-di-
oxide occurs between tissue and blood then the blood becomes deoxygenated or we can
say that blood contains deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb).
Measurement Technique
• Beer-Lambert Law
IOUT = IIN e-A
• Oxygenated hemoglobin
 Infrared LED
 940nm wavelength
• Deoxygenated hemoglobin
 Red LED
 660nm wavelength
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

13. PULSE OXIMETRY (SpO2)
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Pulsatile & Non-pulsatile Absorption factors
Oxygen level (SpO2)
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

14. PULSE OXIMETRY (SpO2)
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Principle of sensor
Current devices
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

15. HEART RATE
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
• Heart rate is determined by the number of heartbeats per unit of time, typically
expressed as beats per minute (BPM), it can vary with as the body's need for oxygen
changes, such as during exercise or sleep.
• The measurement of heart rate is used by medical professionals to assist in the diagnosis
and tracking of medical conditions. Heart rate is measured by finding the pulse of the
body. This pulse rate can be measured at any point on the body where an artery's
pulsation is transmitted to the surface.
Some commonly palpated sites
1. The ventral aspect of the wrist on the side of the thumb (radial artery)
2. The ulnar artery
3. The neck (carotid artery),
4. The inside of the elbow, or under the biceps muscle (brachial artery)
5. The groin (femoral artery)
6. The chest (aorta), which can be felt with one's hand or fingers.
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

16. HEART RATE
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Normal Ranges
• Newborn baby - 120 to 160
• Baby aged from 1 to 12 months - 80 to 140
• Baby/toddler aged from 1 to 2 years - 80 to 130
• Toddler/young child aged 2 to 6 years - 75 to 120
• Child aged 7 to 12 years - 75 to 110
• Adult aged 18+ years - 60 to 100
• Adult athlete - 40 to 60
Current devices
NationalHealthService,UK
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

17. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
HARDWARE
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

18. BLOOD PRESSURE MECHANISM
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Consist of:
• Air Bulb
• Pressure Control Valve
• Hollow Rubber Tube
• Pressure Cuff
• Pressure Sensor
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

19. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
BLOOD PRESSURE MECHANISM
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

20. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
SpO2 & HEART RATE MECHANISM
Consist of:
• Red Light Emitting Diode (Red LED)
• Infrared Light Emitting Diode (IR LED)
• Photodiode / Phototransistor
 BPX43
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

21. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
SpO2 & HEART RATE MECHANISM
Finger Placement
IR LED
RED LED
Phototransistor
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A

22. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
NI SOFTWARE & DAQ SYSTEM

23. NI LABVIEW
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
• National Instruments Corporation, or NI is an American
Company which produces automated test equipment and
virtual instrumentation software like LabVIEW.
• LabVIEW (short for Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation
Engineering Workbench) is a system design platform and
development environment for a visual programming
language from National Instruments.
 Block Diagram
 Front panel

24. DAQ SYSTEM
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
• DAQ or Data acquisition System convert analog waveforms into digital values for
processing with minimum noise/artifacts.
 Sensors that convert physical parameters to electrical signals.
 Analog-to-digital converters that convert electrical signals into digital values.
• Components
 NI Compact DAQ: USB based
 Input / Output modules
 Touch Screen Display

25. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
METHODOLOGY

26. ALGORITHM CONCEPT
Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
START
Enter the NAME
and AGE
Inflate the cuff up
to 180mmHg
Wait until Cuff is
deflated up to 30mmHg
Signal is acquired &
send for computation
SYSTOLIC
DIASTOLIC
STORE
1)2)3)Name&AgeBP
30seconds
Red LED ON
Photo detector detects
the data
Red LED OFF
IR LED ON
Photo detector detects
the data
IR LED OFF
FurtherComputations
HEARTRATESpO2Level
5sec5sec
SpO2&HR
Displayed&SavedinMSExcel
TryAgain
YESNO
FINISH

27. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
USER INTERFACE
PURPOSE
• To get the Name and Age of the user or patient
• Prompt User for input

28. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
BLOOD PRESSURE
• Pumping up to 180 mmHg
• Acquiring data until pressure drops up to 30 mmHg
• Further computations on acquired data

29. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
BLOOD PRESSURE
Whole VI
Sub VI

30. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
SpO2 & HEART RATE
1. Turn ON Red Led
2. Acquire & Compute data
3. Turn OFF Red LED & Turn ON IR LED
4. Acquire & Compute data
5. Turn OFF IR LED
HEART RATE

31. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
SpO2 & HEART RATE
Whole VI
Sub VI

32. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
SAVING IN EXCEL
1. Acquiring data from Sub VI & Displaying it.
2. Saving Data in MS Excel
3. Option to Try Again

33. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
FRONT PANEL

34. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
RESULT

35. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
EXPERIMENTS
Whole Appended signal of Blood Pressure

36. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
EXPERIMENTS
Result saved in MS Excel

37. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
CONCLUSION

38. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
CONCLUSION
• Gives real time measurements and easy to share and store.
• Can be used in User- friendly / home environment.
• Can be used in Rural Areas.
• No need for particular atmosphere.
• Can be used by deaf persons.
• Less expensive
• Gain experience about different health conditions and their measuring techniques.
• How to interface Physical data with digital systems.
• How to search any topic from different aspect and sources.

39. Real time Vital Signs monitoring using NI LabVIEW
Introduction | Literature Review | Hardware |NI Software & DAQ System| Methodology | Results | Conclusion| Q&A
Q & A