Evaluation of Thresholding Based Noncontact Respiration Rate Monitoring using...IRJESJOURNAL
Abstract: - A noncontact method for respiration rate monitoring using thermal imaging was developed and evaluated. Algorithms to capture images, detect the location of the face, locate the corners of the eyes from the detected face and thereafter locate the tip of the nose in each image were developed. The amount of emitted infrared radiation was then determined from the detected tip of the nose. Signal processing techniques were then utilised to obtain the respiration rate in real-time. The method was evaluated on 6 enrolled subjects after obtaining all ethical approvals. The evaluations were conducted against two existing contact based methods; thoracic and abdominal bands. Results showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9974 to 0.9999 depending on the location of the ROI relative to the detected tip of the nose. The main contributions of the work was the successful development and evaluation of the facial features tracking algorithms in thermal imagining, the evaluation of thermal imaging as a technology for respiration monitoring in a hospital environment against existing respiration monitoring systems as well as the real time nature of the method where the frame processing time was 40 ms from capture to respiration feature plotting.
Evaluation of Thresholding Based Noncontact Respiration Rate Monitoring using...IRJESJOURNAL
Abstract: - A noncontact method for respiration rate monitoring using thermal imaging was developed and evaluated. Algorithms to capture images, detect the location of the face, locate the corners of the eyes from the detected face and thereafter locate the tip of the nose in each image were developed. The amount of emitted infrared radiation was then determined from the detected tip of the nose. Signal processing techniques were then utilised to obtain the respiration rate in real-time. The method was evaluated on 6 enrolled subjects after obtaining all ethical approvals. The evaluations were conducted against two existing contact based methods; thoracic and abdominal bands. Results showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9974 to 0.9999 depending on the location of the ROI relative to the detected tip of the nose. The main contributions of the work was the successful development and evaluation of the facial features tracking algorithms in thermal imagining, the evaluation of thermal imaging as a technology for respiration monitoring in a hospital environment against existing respiration monitoring systems as well as the real time nature of the method where the frame processing time was 40 ms from capture to respiration feature plotting.
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Introduction
Regular and non-invasive assessments of cardiovascular function are important insurveillance for cardiovascular catastrophes and treatment therapies of chronic diseases.Resting heart rate, one of the simplest cardiovascular parameters, has been identified as anindependent risk factor (comparable with smoking, dyslipidemia or hypertension) for cardiovascular disease [1]. Currently, the gold standard techniques for measurement of thecardiac pulse such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) require patients to wear adhesive gel patches or chest straps that can cause skin irritation and discomfort. Commercial pulseoximetry sensors that attach to the fingertips or earlobes are also inconvenient for patientsand the spring-loaded clips can cause pain if worn over a long period of time.The ability to monitor a patient¶s physiological signals by a remote, non-contactmeans is a tantalizing prospect that would enhance the delivery of primary healthcare. For example, the idea of performing physiological measurements on the face was first postulated by Pavlidis and associates [2] and later demonstrated through analysis of facial thermalvideos. Although non-contact methods may not be able to provide details concerning cardiacelectrical conduction that ECG offers, these methods can now enable long-term monitoring of other physiological signals such as heart rate or respiratory rate by acquiring themcontinuously in an unobtrusive and comfortable manner.Beyond that, such a technology would also minimize the amount of cabling andclutter associated with neonatal ICU monitoring, long-term epilepsy monitoring, burn or trauma patient monitoring, sleep studies, and other cases where a continuous measure of heart-rate is important. The use of photoplethysmography (PPG), a low cost and non-invasivemeans of sensing the cardiovascular pulse wave (also called the blood volume pulse) throughvariations in transmitted or reflected light, for non-contact physiological measurements has been investigated recently. This electro-optic technique can provide valuable informationabout the cardiovascular system such as heart rate, arterial blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure, cardiac output and autonomic function.
Firstbeat and the Science of Personalized Insight for Everyone - Dr. Ilkka Ko...Firstbeat Technologies
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SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE MEASURE OF EXERCISE TESTINGSusan Jose
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We aimed to develop the method for estimating body posture and physical activity by acceleration signals from a Holter electrocardiographic (ECG) recorder with built-in accelerometer. In healthy young subjects, triaxial-acceleration and ECG signal were recorded with the Holter ECG recorder attached on their chest wall. During the recording, they randomly took eight postures, including supine, prone, left and right recumbent, standing, sitting in a reclining chair, sitting in chairs with and without backrest, and performed slow walking and fast walking. Machine learning (Random Forest) was performed on acceleration and ECG variables. The best discrimination model was obtained when the maximum values and standard deviations of accelerations in three axes and mean R-R interval were used as feature values. The overall discrimination accuracy was 79.2% (62.6-90.9%). Supine, prone, left recumbent, and slow and fast walk were discriminated with >80% accuracy, although sitting and standing positions were not discriminated by this method.
Firstbeat and the Science of Personalized Insight for Everyone - Dr. Ilkka Ko...Matti Salakka 🐠
Firstbeat analytics are based on almost two decades of scientific research. In this talk, Firstbeat’s VP of Technologies, Ilkka Korhonen, explained the long-standing scientific roots of Firstbeat and the ever-evolving technology that goes into the platforms and tools we provide across sport, wellbeing and consumer wearables. Discussing the value of measuring stress using HRV, this talk provided an insight into the cutting-edge science being used, how metrics are calculated, and the benefits provided.
Jade A Global Witness investigation into Myanmar's "Big State Secret"MYO AUNG Myanmar
The most valuable jade in the world is found in the Kachin hills of northern Myanmar.
This 12 month investigation reveals it is worth far more than previously thought - up to US$31 billion in 2014 alone. That is equivalent to nearly half the GDP of the whole country, which badly needs it. But hardly any of the money is reaching ordinary people or state coffers.
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medical mirror
Introduction
Regular and non-invasive assessments of cardiovascular function are important insurveillance for cardiovascular catastrophes and treatment therapies of chronic diseases.Resting heart rate, one of the simplest cardiovascular parameters, has been identified as anindependent risk factor (comparable with smoking, dyslipidemia or hypertension) for cardiovascular disease [1]. Currently, the gold standard techniques for measurement of thecardiac pulse such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) require patients to wear adhesive gel patches or chest straps that can cause skin irritation and discomfort. Commercial pulseoximetry sensors that attach to the fingertips or earlobes are also inconvenient for patientsand the spring-loaded clips can cause pain if worn over a long period of time.The ability to monitor a patient¶s physiological signals by a remote, non-contactmeans is a tantalizing prospect that would enhance the delivery of primary healthcare. For example, the idea of performing physiological measurements on the face was first postulated by Pavlidis and associates [2] and later demonstrated through analysis of facial thermalvideos. Although non-contact methods may not be able to provide details concerning cardiacelectrical conduction that ECG offers, these methods can now enable long-term monitoring of other physiological signals such as heart rate or respiratory rate by acquiring themcontinuously in an unobtrusive and comfortable manner.Beyond that, such a technology would also minimize the amount of cabling andclutter associated with neonatal ICU monitoring, long-term epilepsy monitoring, burn or trauma patient monitoring, sleep studies, and other cases where a continuous measure of heart-rate is important. The use of photoplethysmography (PPG), a low cost and non-invasivemeans of sensing the cardiovascular pulse wave (also called the blood volume pulse) throughvariations in transmitted or reflected light, for non-contact physiological measurements has been investigated recently. This electro-optic technique can provide valuable informationabout the cardiovascular system such as heart rate, arterial blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure, cardiac output and autonomic function.
Firstbeat and the Science of Personalized Insight for Everyone - Dr. Ilkka Ko...Firstbeat Technologies
Firstbeat analytics are based on almost two decades of scientific research. In this talk, Firstbeat’s VP of Technologies, Ilkka Korhonen, explained the long-standing scientific roots of Firstbeat and the ever-evolving technology that goes into the platforms and tools we provide across sport, wellbeing and consumer wearables. Discussing the value of measuring stress using HRV, this talk provided an insight into the cutting-edge science being used, how metrics are calculated, and the benefits provided.
SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE MEASURE OF EXERCISE TESTINGSusan Jose
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Machine-Learning Estimation of Body Posture and Physical Activity by Wearable...sipij
We aimed to develop the method for estimating body posture and physical activity by acceleration signals from a Holter electrocardiographic (ECG) recorder with built-in accelerometer. In healthy young subjects, triaxial-acceleration and ECG signal were recorded with the Holter ECG recorder attached on their chest wall. During the recording, they randomly took eight postures, including supine, prone, left and right recumbent, standing, sitting in a reclining chair, sitting in chairs with and without backrest, and performed slow walking and fast walking. Machine learning (Random Forest) was performed on acceleration and ECG variables. The best discrimination model was obtained when the maximum values and standard deviations of accelerations in three axes and mean R-R interval were used as feature values. The overall discrimination accuracy was 79.2% (62.6-90.9%). Supine, prone, left recumbent, and slow and fast walk were discriminated with >80% accuracy, although sitting and standing positions were not discriminated by this method.
Firstbeat and the Science of Personalized Insight for Everyone - Dr. Ilkka Ko...Matti Salakka 🐠
Firstbeat analytics are based on almost two decades of scientific research. In this talk, Firstbeat’s VP of Technologies, Ilkka Korhonen, explained the long-standing scientific roots of Firstbeat and the ever-evolving technology that goes into the platforms and tools we provide across sport, wellbeing and consumer wearables. Discussing the value of measuring stress using HRV, this talk provided an insight into the cutting-edge science being used, how metrics are calculated, and the benefits provided.
Jade A Global Witness investigation into Myanmar's "Big State Secret"MYO AUNG Myanmar
The most valuable jade in the world is found in the Kachin hills of northern Myanmar.
This 12 month investigation reveals it is worth far more than previously thought - up to US$31 billion in 2014 alone. That is equivalent to nearly half the GDP of the whole country, which badly needs it. But hardly any of the money is reaching ordinary people or state coffers.
Instead, the trade is controlled by the military elites, US sanctioned drug lords and crony companies that the country's rebranded government says it is consigning to the past. These networks cream off vast profits while local people suffer terrible abuses and see their natural inheritance ripped out from beneath their feet. These injustices are stoking unrest in an already unstable and volatile region.
Biofeedback machines commonly used in the physiotherapy practice are described along with available evidences for clinical use.
Most of the feedback modalities are described along with its use and the mechanism behind it.
22- Force platform- is the device used to measure the ground reaction forces in steady and/or in moving phase. Sensors in the force platform give visual feedback on the screen attached to therapist as well as patient about the weight distribution and other parameters of gait can also be measured.
33- Mirror -used as visual feedback to treat the pain as well as disability in different conditions. It healps to activate the mirror neuron in the brain. Mirrior therapy proposed by Ramchandran et al has been found most beneficial treatment in the phantom limb pain treatment
DM Seminar on Polysomnography. Sleep in itself is a myriad of wonders. In this presentation, we take a look at the neurobiology of sleep and how it is regulated in the human body. We also take a sneak peak into polysomnography as a window for monitoring sleep.
Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare: A Surveyijasuc
Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are emerging as important networks, applicable in various
fields. This paper surveys the WBANs that are designed for applications in healthcare. We present a
comprehensive survey consisting of stand-alone sections focusing on important aspects of WBANs. We
examine the following: monitoring and sensing, power efficient protocols, system architectures, routing
and security. We conclude by discussing some open research issues, their potential solutions and future
trends.
Arduino uno based obstructive sleep apnea detection using respiratory signaleSAT Journals
Abstract The monitoring of breathing dynamics is an essential diagnostic tool in various clinical environments, such as sleep analysis, intensive care and central nervous and physiological disorder analysis. This paper introduces a mathematical representation of respiratory pattern in frequency domain .Sleep apnea is defined as cessation of airflow to the lungs during sleep for 10 sec. It normally results from either lack in neural input from the central nervous system (Central Sleep Apnea) or Upper airway collapse (Obstructive sleep apnea).Microcontroller based sleep apnea monitor consists of a piezoelectric sensor attached to rib cage of patient. The amplified signal obtained from the patient is applied to the microcontroller. The method mentioned in the paper is based on extraction of four enhanced main energy features of respiratory signal from 30 second respiratory data through auto regressive modeling and other techniques. The four features extracted are Signal power, Respiration frequency, Dominant frequency in power spectrum, Maximum power in specturm . These features are compared with their threshold values and introduced to a series of condition for each epoch. Keywords: Auto-regression, Sleep apnea, Energy index, Respiratory frequency, Least squares method.
Biosensors And Bioelectronics Presentation by Sijung HuConferenceMind
Excellent presentation by Sijung Hu, Loughborough University, United Kingdom. He talks about - "Opto-physiological modeling to drive an effective physiological monitoring: from contact to noncontact, from point to imaging" at the 2nd International Webinar on Biosensors And Bioelectronics
Date: July 12-13, 2021
Visit here for more details:
https://conferencemind.com/conference/biosensorsandbioelectronics
Follow us:-
https://www.facebook.com/Conference-Mind-103557674347276/
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https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2KH-I3EBpPSMkJEZQKIU0A
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Application
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Ambulatory Devices Measuring Cardiorespiratory Activity with Motion
1. Ambulatory Devices Measuring
Cardiorespiratory Activity with Motion
Marcel Młyńczak, MSc, Marek Żyliński, MSc,
Wiktor Niewiadomski, PhD, Gerard Cybulski, PhD
Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechatronics,
Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering
Porto, February 21, 2017
2. Introduction
Traditional respiratory monitoring
Mesh grid of
known pneumatic
resistance
• The most reliable
• Direct measurements
• Cannot be performed in an outpatient setting
• In clinical practice, there are no natural daily and nightly parameters
Figures adapted from chat.stackexchange.com and legio24.pl
2
3. Introduction
Ambulatory respiratory monitoring
Continuous
measurements
Traditional examination captures a single point in time.
The registrations carried out under more natural conditions and taking into
account activity, circadian rhythms could expand early diagnosis.
Sleep
Indirect methods
PSG could mark snoring and central or obstructive sleep apnea episodes.
The breathing patterns are usually measured indirectly by
a belt and a cannula, which make sleep less natural and comfortable.
Acoustical approaches, respiratory plethysmography or
impedance pneumography.
3
4. Introduction
Impedance pneumography
Basic idea
Based on the measurement of the changes of transthoracic
bioimpedance, which could be linearily connected with changes
of the amount of air in the lungs.
Taking
measurements
Processing
remarks
Usually carried out using current tetrapolar method.
Voltage electrodes are usually positioned on the
midaxillary line at about 5th-rib level.
The signal is volume-related.
In order to obtain flows impedance pneumography signals
should be differentiated.
4
5. Introduction
Motion and heart activity
• Based on the present guidelines, each
sleep study device should be equipped
with pulse oximetry and heart activity
registration unit.
• Simultaneous analysis of heart activity
along with respiratory one could allow
assessment of the autonomic nervous
system operation. Such experiments
are rarely carried out under natural
conditions.
• The calibration coefficients converting
impedance to volume are dependent
mainly upon subjects and body
positions.
• It seems also very important with
regards to sleep studies, e.g., for
hypnogram estimation.
• The motion-associated artifacts could
be adaptively removed, smoothed,
or marked using a synchronized
motion signal.
Motion tracking Cardiorespiratory coupling
5
6. Objective
Development and pilot testing of portable devices which would register:
• respiratory activity (using impedance pneumography)
• ECG
• motion
• pulse oximetry (saturation, pulse wave)
1. 3.2.
Sleep studies
Sport
applications
Physiological
applications
6
7. The devices
Pneumonitor 2
• ECG signal to estimate heart rate
and tachogram
• Impedance signal relating to
main breathing activity
• Portable
• Recording on SD card
• Rechargeable battery
• Motion signal from 3-axis
accelerometer to indicate
subject’s activity and body position
7
8. The devices
Pneumonitor 3
• ECG signal to estimate heart rate
and tachogram
• Impedance signal relating to
main breathing activity
• Analog, SD and BT outputs
• Handling improved
• Rechargeable battery
• Wireless pulse oximeter to
acquire saturation level and
pulse wave
• Motion signal from 3-axis
accelerometer to indicate
subject’s activity and body position
8
9. Electrode configurations
Pneumonitor 2 with 7 electrodes configurations
IP electrodes
Single-lead
ECG electrodes
IP electrode placement proposed by Seppa et al. likely provides
the best linearity between impedance and volume changes.
9
Physiological applications Sport applications
10. Electrode configurations
Pneumonitor 3 with 5 electrodes configurations
IP & ECG
electrodes
Neutral
electrode
Seppa’s electrode configuration Classical electrode configuration
It is considered worse in terms of
transition linearity, yet most likely
optimal in terms of motion artifacts.
10
Sleep applications
11. Methodology
• Calibration procedure - free 30-second-lasting breathing in supine, sitting and
standing body positions.
• Test procedure consisting of 6 normal breaths and then 6 deep breaths (with the
subjective difference), for three breathing rates (6, 10 and 15 BPM) and for the same
three body positions as during calibration.
• Reference: Flow Measurement System with a Spirometer Unit and a Fleisch-type
Heatable Flow Transducer 5530, with a Conical Mouthpiece (Medikro Oy, Finland).
• Qualitative assessment of acquired signals and the usability from subjects’
perspective were tested during walking, climbing stairs, exercising on a cycle
ergometer for 90 seconds with the increasing load (from 50W to 200W).
• The activity and changing of body positions on a bed were tested during sleep.
• MATLAB 2016b software was used to review and analyze the results.
11
12. Methodology
Subjects - generally healthy students, 10 males
12
Minimum Mean Maximum
Weight [kg] 65.0 77.4 100.0
Height [cm] 171.0 179.3 187.0
BMI 20.75 24.14 33.41
Age 19 23 27
15. Results
Mean 86.5% accuracy of tidal volume calculating for
simple short recording of free breathing calibration procedure,
in three body positions.
No artifacts (except quick, motion-related) or errors that might
preclude analysis were shown during pilot evaluation in natural
situations, e.g., changing positions on a bed or walking.
15
16. Final discussion
Pneumonitor 2 is designed for the environment physiology analyses (registering
ventilation and cardiac functioning in subjects with obesity or nervous-muscle-related
illnesses) and sports medicine (for ambulatory diagnostics, monitoring training, and
determining exercise capacity).
Pneumonitor 3 is intended mainly for sleep studies to monitor breathing disorders and
the treatment progress.
The first ambulatory system was described by Vuorela et al. in 2010.
In contrary to their construction:
• we removed most of the analog blocks for signal conditioning and processing,
• we added the ability to measure blood saturation and pulse wave,
• we reduced the number of electrodes from 7 to 5.
16
17. Porto, February 21, 2017
Ambulatory Devices Measuring
Cardiorespiratory Activity with Motion
Marcel Młyńczak, MSc
mlynczak@mchtr.pw.edu.pl