This presentation gives a very general overview of the activities and the approach adopted at KTH SmarTS Lab for research and development of cyber-physical power systems applications, i.e. smart grids.

1. “without deviations from the norm, progress is not possible”
Frank Zappa

2. KTH SmarTS Lab Introduction
Prof. dr.ing. Luigi Vanfretti
http://www.vanfretti.com
luigiv@kth.se
Associate Professor, Docent
SmarTS Lab
KTH
Stockholm, Sweden
Luigi.Vanfretti@statnett.no
Special Advisor in Strategy and Public Affairs
Research and Development Division
Statnett SF
Oslo, Norway

3. Outline
• Research Group Leader
• SmarTS Lab Vision and Mission
• SmarTS Lab Research Strategy
• SmarTS Lab Research Group Members
• Research Projects and Funding
• SmarTS Lab Research Activities and Laboratory
Facilities
• A sample project: the “Grid Equalizer”

4. Research Group Leader
• Associate Professor: Dr. Luigi Vanfretti
• Academic Appointments and Education:
- 2013 - Associate Professor (Tenured), KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
- 2012 - Docent, KTH
- 2010 - Assistant Professor, KTH
- 2010 - Post-Doc at RPI and KTH
- 2009 - Ph.D., Electric Power Engineering, RPI, Troy, NY, USA
- 2007 - M.Sc., Electric Power Engineering, RPI, Troy, NY, USA
- 2005 - Visiting Researcher, EEE Dept., The Univ. of Glasgow, UK
- 2005 - “Licenciatura” in Electrical Engineering, USAC, Guatemala.
4
• Academic Activities:
- Prof. Luigi Vanfretti the "Smart Transmission Systems Lab." or
KTH SmarTS Lab at the Electric Power Systems Department at
KTH carrying out research projects in the area of
synchrophasor technology applications, and power system
modeling, dynamics, simulation, protection and control.
• Professional Activities:
- Since 2011, Prof. Vanfretti serves as advisor to the Research
and Development Division of Statnett SF. He is currently
employed as Special Advisor in Strategy and Public Affairs.
- Duties include R&D strategy development, intellectual
property rights licensing & management, execution of internal
R&D projects including those dealing with architectural
analysis for synchrophasor data application systems to be
utilized in Smart Transmission Grid applications.

5. Vision and Mission
• Vision: Enable the next generation functionalities for Smart Operation
- Our vision is to create concepts, methods and tools facilitating smart operation of
the grid as a sustainable and resilient self-healing power system.
- The ultimate aim is, through our research, to aid in the transformation of the grid
into a automatic closed-loop feedback system with high resiliency and flexibility.
• Mission: Conduct world-class research leading to applicable solutions for
Smart Operation
- To conduct both theoretical and experimental research (in a controlled laboratory
environment), focusing on the development of:
• Monitoring tools allowing real-time assessment of the “health” of the grid, at different
voltage levels (transmission, distribution and their “interaction”)
• Predictive hybrid-model-and-measurement-based tools to anticipate uncertainties and
perform grid optimization through the exploitation of large computational facilities
• Data Analytics to extract key information from high volume, high diversity of data
• Control methods and technologies for design, optimization, management and coordination
of distributed assets to enhance system health and perform grid optimization
• Self-healing protection to mitigate grid collapse and enhance coordination to maximize the
dependability and security of the network 5

6. Research Strategy and Goal
• Research Strategy: Application-driven design of technical solutions
- Application-driven design of technical solutions for monitoring and control of smart
power systems (i.e. solve problems that need to be solved)
- Capitalize from a fusion of fields: power engineering, signal processing, control science,
optimization theory, simulation methods, high-performance computing.
- Applicable results delivered to the most innovative and ambitious industry leaders at the
EU level: RTE, France; Statnett, Norway.
- Collaboration with transmission and distribution innovation leaders at the EU level : RTE,
France; Statnett, Norway.
- Near-to-market technical solutions: Tested and validated at the laboratory level and
demonstrations with industry.
- Publications are nothing but a by-product
• Goal: New technologies to Monitor, Optimize, Control and Protect the Future Grid
- Within 5 years to be the most innovative hub in the development of real-time hybrid-
measurement-and-model data-driven technical solutions for future grid monitoring,
optimization, control and protection
6

7. Research Group Members
• 21 persons: 2 staff, 4 post-docs, 9 phd students, 1 researcher, ~< [1 - 5] MSc students are
regularly in the group
• Research Group Leader: Prof. Luigi Vanfretti
• Lab coordinator: Viktor Appelgren
• Post-docs (4):
- Iyad Al-Khatib, F. Rafael Segundo-Sevilla,
- Rujiroj Leelaruji, Hossein Hosshyar
• PhD Students (9):
- Yuwa Choompoobutrgool, Vedran Peric,
- Wei Li, M. Shoaib Almas, Tetiana Bogodorova,
- Jan Lavenius, Farhan Mahmood,
- Maxime Baudette , Francisco Gomez
• Researchers (1):
- Naveed A. Khan
• MSc Students (4):
- Rokib-Ul-Hassan, Mengjia Zhang, Le Qi, Giusseppe Laera, Eldrich Rebello
7

8. International Projects and Funding
• The research group participates in several
international projects funded by the EC
within the FP7 program and Nordic projects
funded by NER, such as:
• Funding allocation (Total of 36 Million SEK)
8

9. At we are working on…
Design and implementation of time-synchronized measurement data applications
(i.e. synchrophasor applications) for monitoring, control and protection
- Concepts: inception and design (a la Apple)
- Methods: devising algorithms for monitoring, optimization. control and
protection (including those with real-time execution constraints)
- Tools: software and hardware architecture and prototype implementation
- Testing and Validation: of the implemented tools by formalizing testing
methods for off-line & real-time simulation, and laboratory experiments.
10 15 20 25
0.985
0.99
0.995
1
1.005
1.01
1.015
1.02
Voltage(pu)
Time (sec)
SCADA: Old
Technology, Slow
PMU: New
Technology, FAST!
PMU vs SCADA
Measurements from
Wind-Farm
Interactions
(oscillations)
Applications using
PMU Data can detect
oscillations, while
those based on
SCADA can not.

10. Our
Design and implementation of time-synchronized measurements (i.e.
synchrophasor applications)
- Concepts: inception and design
- Methods: implementation of algorithms for monitoring, control and
protection with real-time execution constraints
- Tools: software architecture and prototype implementation
- Testing and Validation: of the implemented tools using off-line & real-time
simulation, as well as laboratory experiments.
10 15 20 25
0.985
0.99
0.995
1
1.005
1.01
1.015
1.02
Voltage(pu)
Time (sec)
SCADA: Old
Technology, Slow
PMU: New
Technology, FAST!
PMU vs SCADA
Measurements
from Wind-Farm
Interactions
(oscillations)
Applications using
PMU Data can
detect oscillations,
while those based
on SCADA can not.
SmarTS Lab Architecture

11. At we are working on…
Design and implementation of time-synchronized measurements (i.e.
synchrophasor applications)
- Concepts: inception and design
- Methods: implementation of algorithms for monitoring, control and
protection with real-time execution constraints
- Tools: software architecture and prototype implementation
- Testing and Validation: of the implemented tools using off-line & real-time
simulation, as well as laboratory experiments.
10 15 20 25
0.985
0.99
0.995
1
1.005
1.01
1.015
1.02
Voltage(pu)
Time (sec)
SCADA: Old
Technology, Slow
PMU: New
Technology, FAST!
PMU vs SCADA
Measurements
from Wind-Farm
Interactions
(oscillations)
Applications using
PMU Data can
detect oscillations,
while those based
on SCADA can not.
SmarTS Lab Architecture
SmarTSLab
HardwareImplementation

12. Grid Equalizer

13. Concept: The “Grid Equalizer”
• What should the App do?
- The app should be able to detect oscillations at different frequency bands and
provide a measure of the activity (health) of the oscillations at each band.
- The app should help correlating the activity in each frequency band to a specific
frequency of oscillation (or group of frequencies)
• What are the requirements?
- Operate on real-time data streams and provide fast updates on the health
indicator
Pre-
Processin
g
Band Energy
ComputationBand
Pass
Filterin
g
Identify
Frequency of
Oscillation
Threshold level
comparison
“Health”
Indicator
Graphical Interface - Correlation
RT
Data
Handling

14. • Concept:
- To develop an algorithm and a piece of software capable of detection slow and
fast oscillations.
- To give a real-time measure of the “health” of the system
• Method:
- Utilize a fast algorithm to detect the “energy” content of the dynamics for
different frequency ranges
• Tools:
- Implement software capable of handling real-time communications and data
handling
- Implement the algorithm considering properties of actual measurements
• Testing and Validation:
- To test the developed software using real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation in
a variety of operating modes
- To validate the developed tool and the results from testing in a different
laboratory environment using hardware-based emulation
A Sample Project
The “Grid Equalizer”
Fast RT Detection of Sub-Synchronous WF Oscillations using PMUs

15. A Sample Project:
Fast RT Detection of Sub-Synchronous WF Oscillations using PMUs
• Concept:
- To develop an algorithm and a piece of software capable of detection slow and
fast oscillations.
- To give a real-time measure of the “health” of the system
• Method:
- Utilize a fast algorithm to detect the “energy” content of the dynamics for
different frequency ranges
• Tools:
- Implement software capable of handling real-time communications and data
handling
- Implement the algorithm considering properties of actual measurements
• Testing and Validation:
- To test the developed software using real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation in
a variety of operating models
- To validate the developed tool and the results from testing in a different
laboratory environment using hardware-based emulation
Real-Time Data Acquisition and
Experiment Protocol
1. RT Simulator
2. Oscilloscope connected to
analog output
3. National Instruments cRIO PMU
4. Voltage measurement module
connected to analog output
5. Connection to network
infrastructure for
communication with PDC
6. PDC Server with Output Stream
configured
• Experiment design:

16. A Sample Project:
Fast RT Detection of Sub-Synchronous WF Oscillations using PMUs
• Concept:
- To develop an algorithm and a piece of software capable of detection slow and
fast oscillations.
- To give a real-time measure of the “health” of the system
• Method:
- Utilize a fast algorithm to detect the “energy” content of the dynamics for
different frequency ranges
• Tools:
- Implement software capable of handling real-time communications and data
handling
- Implement the algorithm considering properties of actual measurements
• Testing and Validation:
- To test the developed software using real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation in
a variety of operating models
- To validate the developed tool and the results from testing in a different
laboratory environment using hardware-based emulation
Testing:
RT HIL Results - Oscillations at 10.83 Hz

17. A Sample Project:
Fast RT Detection of Sub-Synchronous WF Oscillations using PMUs
• Concept:
- To develop an algorithm and a piece of software capable of detection slow and
fast oscillations.
- To give a real-time measure of the “health” of the system
• Method:
- Utilize a fast algorithm to detect the “energy” content of the dynamics for
different frequency ranges
• Tools:
- Implement software capable of handling real-time communications and data
handling
- Implement the algorithm considering properties of actual measurements
• Testing and Validation:
- To test the developed software using real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation in
a variety of operating models
- To validate the developed tool and the results from testing in a different
laboratory environment using hardware-based emulation
Validation:
Validation in a Microgrid Lab @ IREC
• Validation Experiments
on a grid emulator
(Micro grid)
– Physical power
injections generated by
controlled inverters
• Experiments
– Oscillations at 1 Hz
– Oscillations at 6 Hz
– Replay of adapted
simulation

18. A Sample Project:
Fast RT Detection of Sub-Synchronous WF Oscillations using PMUs
• Concept:
- To develop an algorithm and a piece of software capable of detection slow and
fast oscillations.
- To give a real-time measure of the “health” of the system
• Method:
- Utilize a fast algorithm to detect the “energy” content of the dynamics for
different frequency ranges
• Tools:
- Implement software capable of handling real-time communications and data
handling
- Implement the algorithm considering properties of actual measurements
• Testing and Validation:
- To test the developed software using real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation in
a variety of operating models
- To validate the developed tool and the results from testing in a different
laboratory environment using hardware-based emulation
Validation:
Experimental Set-Up
GPS
Antenna
GPS
Antenna
SEL-5073
PDC
SEL-5073
PDC
cRIO 9074 PMUcRIO 9074 PMU
EthernetEthernet
VoltageVoltage
CurrentCurrent
Workstation
Monitoring Tool
Workstation
Monitoring ToolEmulatorEmulator

19. A Sample Project:
Fast RT Detection of Sub-Synchronous WF Oscillations using PMUs
• Concept:
- To develop an algorithm and a piece of software capable of detection slow and
fast oscillations.
- To give a real-time measure of the “health” of the system
• Method:
- Utilize a fast algorithm to detect the “energy” content of the dynamics for
different frequency ranges
• Tools:
- Implement software capable of handling real-time communications and data
handling
- Implement the algorithm considering properties of actual measurements
• Testing and Validation:
- To test the developed software using real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation in
a variety of operating models
- To validate the developed tool and the results from testing in a different
laboratory environment using hardware-based emulation
Validation:
Results at 1 Hz and 6 Hz

20. Thank you!
Questions?
luigiv@kth.se
“without deviations from the
norm, progress is not possible”
Frank Zappa