This document discusses reading and writing skills. It defines reading as decoding symbols to derive meaning from text, and identifies three components of reading: decoding, comprehension, and retention. It describes two types of reading - extensive and intensive. Writing is defined as arranging symbols according to conventions to form words and sentences. The importance of writing is discussed. The roles of a reading teacher and strategies to improve students' reading and writing are outlined.

1. Topic name: Reading Skill& Writing Skill
Reading Skill& Writing Skill
It is a cognitive process of decoding symbols to derive meaning from text (as in
reading a book or reading music).
Three Components of Reading
1. Decoding
2. Comprehension
3. Retention
Decoding
Decoding refers to the process of translating a printed word into a sound.
Comprehension
It is defined as the level of understanding of a text/message. This understanding comes
from the interaction between the words that are written and how they trigger
knowledge outside the text/message.
Retention
The condition of retaining (keeping) something. It could be in the Short term memory
or Long term Memory.
TYPES OF READING
There are two types of reading.
1. Intensive
2.Extensive
Extensive Reading
Extensive reading is carried out "to achieve a general understanding of a text."
 The aims of extensive reading are to build reader confidence and enjoyment.
Intensive Reading
- careful or in-depth reading
- you read for details and extract specific info on particular topics
- has several techniques or sub-types: scanning, skimming, exploratory reading,
study reading, critical reading, and analytical reading
Why is reading Important ?
I. Reading is a vital skill in finding a good job.
II. Reading is important because it develops the mind.
III. It is how we discover new things.
IV. Reading develops the imagination.
V. Reading develops the creative side of people.

2. VI. Reading helps to expand the vocabulary
Reading strategies
1. Play word games.
2. Read aloud every day
3. Model reading as an enjoyable activity.
4. Put learning to use.
5. Listen to books.
6. Read to your child every night
7. Engage children’s senses while learning.
Ways to Improve Reading Comprehension
1. Mumbling
2. Underlining key words/rereading
3. Start the conclusion
4. The Special Reading Place
5. Reading aloud to someone
6. Someone reading aloud to you
7. Skimming/Reading
8. Marginal Notes: Talking with the text
9. annotate a text
10.A reward
11.Hearing the text inside your head
Reading Teacher’s Role
1. Diagnose each student’s reading skills to ascertain the grade level of the
material that the student can read.
2. Diagnose each student’s reading skills to determine from a total list of skills,
which specific ones have been mastered.
3. Be aware of the reading demands and teaching strategies of the content areas so
that these skills can be highlighted and reinforced.
What is Writing
 Writing can be said to be the act of forming the symbols: making marks on flat
surface of some kind.
 Writing is a process where symbols have to be arranged according to a certain
conventions to form words and words have to be arranged to form sentences.
Why Writing is important

3.  Writing aims to capture a thought or idea, to transfer it to a permanent format,
making it tangible.
 If communication is the ultimate goal, write for your audience, not for personal
style.
 Writing has to be much clearer than spoken language because it lacks these
assisting cues
 Students’ performance is assessed through written work.
 Documentation is mostly done in written form.
Types of Writing
 Free writing
 Independent Writing
 Process writing
 Easy writing
 Narrative writing
 Expository writing
 Persuasive writing
How to Improve students’ Writing
 Teach students how to hold pen or pencil
 Encourage students to write with pencil at early stages
 Scribbling, and drawing lines, shapes, and pictures are the first steps towards writing.
 Dictation frequently at earlier stage.
 Drawing should be encouraged by providing time and materials as soon as children
are old enough to hold a crayon.
 Focus grammar
 Write every day it’s better to practice for fifteen minutes every day than to practice
for two hours three times a week
 Establish time for daily writing at school as well as at home
 Display students good writing pieces
Strategies to improve writing
1. Scribbling
2. Drawing lines
3. Construct and de construct words
4. Dot writing
5. Dictation
6. Copying