The document provides an overview of mass transit architecture and passenger rail station design. It discusses the history of transportation systems from stagecoaches to modern subways and trains. It then covers various aspects of rail system and station planning, including rail alignments, site planning, station layouts, passenger flow calculations, means of escape planning, structural designs, building services, fire safety considerations, materials selection, and construction aspects. Upgrades, running costs, and some classic transit station designs are also briefly mentioned.

1. David Jukes-Hughes MA
Mass Transit Architecture

2. Passenger Safety, Comfort &
Efficiency of Service

3. •Stage coaches / Horse drawn trams / Subways
•Early Trains: The Rocket / Train sheds & hotels:
St. Pancras, Kings Cross, Paddington, Victoria,
Waterloo, Old Ottawa station / Chateau Laurier
•Subways: The London Underground / NYC cut &
cover & viaducts / electrification / the first deep bored
tunnels (WCL) / postal delivery / war time shelters /
King Cross fire / terrorism (7/7/2005)
•Inter-modal transport interchanges
History

4. Rail Systems: Trams / Light Rail / Heavy Rail (Metros)
Station Types: At Grade / Cut & Cover Tunnel / Deep
Bored Tunnel / Viaduct Structures
Rail Systems & Stations

5. Cut & Cover Tunnel

6. •Track alignment & track levels / grid coordinates
•Inter-modal transport connections:vehicle access,
private drop-offs / pick-ups, taxis, buses, parking,
disabled access, park & ride
•Services: refuse collection, cash collection,
fireman’s access
•Government: adjacent property developments, land
acquisition, & considerations of democratic rights
(St. Pancras / visual impacts / Feng Shui.)
Site Planning
:

7. Site Planning
Willesden Junction Crossrail

8. Site Planning
Willesden Junction Crossrail

9. •The Main Elements: Drop-offs & Pick-ups /
Concourses / Platforms / Vertical circulation / M/E
rooms / Head rooms / Ceiling voids (Footbridges /
Escalators / Lifts / Stairs)
•Systems approach to management of rail
passengers, train operations, hazards & security,
cleaning & maintenance
•Reliance on technology (esp: PA systems, cctv, good
lighting, planning-blind spots, fire detection),
procedures & trained staff
Station Planning

10. Station Planning

11. Station Planning

12. Station Planning

13. Station Planning

14. •Calculating the numbers: train capacity, train head-
ways, missed head-ways, station areas, exit /
entrance widths, platform & concourse widths, ticket
gates, floor area for ticket machines, lift sizes,
escalator numbers & stairways widths.
Planning for Passenger Flow

15. Passenger Flow

16. •Source of fire, staged escape, minimum escape
times & travel distances, locating exits at the
platform & concourses, escape by train, and safe
waiting areas (for staged escape.)
•Different methods of calculation: Government
standards (HMRI) / individual companies (LUL,
MTRC & British Rail) / fire codes (NFPA 130)
Planning for Means of Escape

17. Planning for Means of Escape

18. •The demarcation between public concourses &
platforms (unpaid & paid areas)
• Waiting areas, public display systems, PA systems,
cctv, ticketing, selling & checking, ticket gates,
disabled access, lifts, escalators & run-off, retail,
toilets, offices, station / fire control room, staff areas
Concourses

19. Information
systems

20. Automatic ticket machines

21. Ticket gates

22. •Kinematic envelope, minimum widths & head-
rooms, track-side clearances, suicide pits, warning
strips, non-slip materials, electrical discharge &
earthing, platform screen doors,exits
•Planning for future expansion.
Platforms

23. Platforms

24. •Track-side services: OHL, 3rd
Rail, maintenance
access, cables, lighting, drainage, hydrants
•Track-side design (tunnels): passenger escape,
fireman’s access, fire fighting (hydrants), smoke
control, twin track compartmentation. (Seoul,
Korea?)
Track-side Design

25. •Bins, seats, signage, display systems, PA systems
advertizing, platform screen doors, platform control
booths, shelters, canopies, fire equipment,
telephones, vending machines, public toilets,
station / fire control room.
•Disability access: big letters, blind paths, wheel
chair access
Station Details

26. Finishes

27. •Deep-bored tunnels: pre-cast rc panels using tbm’s
•Cut & cover tunnels: in-situ rc diaphragm walls
•At grade systems: embankments, cuttings, in-situ rc
retaining walls, train sheds (light-weight structures),
bridge structures.
•Viaduct systems: pre-cast rc segmental
construction.
•Topside development: post & beam / shear walls /
transfer plates.
Structures

28. Structure
Transfer plates
Deep-bored tunnel

29. • Lighting, air-con, plumbing, drainage, toilets, lifts,
escalators, room areas & maintenance access.
•PA systems, cctv
•Acoustics / noise: trains, machinery, people:
finishes, noise attenuation (raised track slabs /
PSD’s, material treatment.)
•Emergency stop train buttons - platforms
Building Services

30. •Fire detection: smoke / heat detectors / fire alarms /
cctv / staff
•Fire control: fireman’s access / stairs / control
room / lifts, sprinklers, gas suppression, hydrants,
hose reels, hand held extinguishers.
•Fire spread: compartmentation of rooms, fire
shutters, smoke / heat control zones.
•Smoke control: track, platform, concourses, exits,
stairs, lifts (air pressured) .
• Retail cabin concept.
Fire Hazards

31. Retail cabin concept

32. •Colour: lighting, dust & dirt
• Acoustics
•Durability: crowd loading / slip free floors
•Fire: surface spread of flame, toxicity, smoke
generation, fire load
•Cleaning: cycles, high pressure hoses, equipment,
storage
•Maintenance: cycles, supply of spares
•Access: equipment, storage
•Operations & Maintenance Manuals
Materials & Finishes

33. •Operations control centres / signal boxes.
•Track sub-stations.
•Train depots & maintenance yards.
•Property development.
•Offices, residential, retail.
•Methods: topside / adjacent; access & construction
requirements (phased development?)
Other Buildings

35. Property development
Topside
Yuen Long Station,
Hong Kong

36. •Site access /delivery (by train?)
•Storage: area / just-time delivery
•Hoarding: visual impact / advertizing / access
•Impact on existing train services: lost revenue
•Staged / phased construction: phased costs
•Site safety: railway related hazards & training
Construction

37. • Reasons: new legislation (disability access,
transport & environmental), new hazards (terrorism
& rail disasters), new technologies (new rolling
stock, double-deck trains, new speeds / kinematic
envelopes, electrification), new population demands.
•Methods: longer platforms, new exits, lifts,
escalators, footbridges, canopies & disability access,
new procedures / training
Upgrades 1

38. •Design challenges: site restraints, maintaining
operations, site access
•Phased construction (temporary hoarding / exits /
ticketing / traffic arrangements etc...)
•Building heritage & planning (key stakeholders).
•Designing for expansion: space & future equipment
Upgrades 2

39. •Facilities management
•Staff salaries, pensions & benefits, uniforms
•Staff training
•Staff insurances
•Cleaning (station & track (hair))
•Maintenance (station & track)
•After service hours: limited hours / unsociable
•Power generation etc...
Running Costs

40. •Ottawa Station by J. Parkin
•Moscow Underground
•Montreal Underground
•Hong Kong Airport Express & MTRC
•Bangkok Rapid Transit
•Singapore MRT
Classic Designs

41. The EndDavid Jukes-Hughes
Architecture
Dubai Metro proposal