BRITISH-INDIA INFLUENCE TO FMS RAILWAY STATIONS (KTM) IN THE CASE OF KUALA LUMPUR AND IPOH
Geological environment and historical background of Malaya displayed an important role in the development of train system in Malaysia. The early local settlements of Malaya have mostly settled in the lowland and coastal area, with water transportation as a means of transportation for communication and trades. Malay kingdoms were cited and the capital was at a point near river mouths. However, later in the 19th century, rivalry takes part between the European powers for control of the tin deposits in Malaya. Tin became a significant raw material contributing to the industrial revolution. Large tin deposits were discovered in Sungei Ujong,Negeri Sembilan, in the valleys of Klang River and at Larut, Perak. In 1874, British came in to control the unrest in the tin-producing areas and later, residential system was established in Perak, Selangor and Sungei Ujong.
There was demand to connect the mines to the ports where first section of the Malayan Railway was opened between Taiping,Perak and Port Weld,Klang. During this era, the railway stations was made of wood and nipah palm. However, later, more townships in the state of Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Selangor developed along the roads. The town includes Taiping, Ipoh, Seremban and Kuala Lumpur. This resulted development in architectural design as well to the railway stations. In 1910, becoming the main railway station for the state of Selangor, Kuala Lumpur railway station has been relocated and was built as the first concrete station in town. Ipoh in the other hand serves as the main railway terminal for the state of Perak and was the second concrete station in 1920. Both buildings was designed by Arthur Benison Hubback whom was a British architectural assistant to the Director of Public Works of that time.
Therefour, this study will further evaluate the relationship of the Ipoh railway station in comparison to the Kuala Lumpur railway station architectural style from the influence of global industrial revolution era, as well as local political and historical influence.
The search for Malaysian architecture identityAbdul Qayyum
This paper discusses the approaches the Malaysian architects had taken since the independence concerning conveying a national identity in Malaysian architecture. the question is, does all these approaches work out as intended, or not? Or there was never really a proper approach in the first place? This paper discuss that.
National Mosque Malaysia Precedent Studies Tay Jit Ying
Masjid Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Table Content:
1. Introduction
2. Site Context
3. Architectural Layout and Plan
4. Architectural Style Analysis
5. Construction Process
6. Architectural Elements
The search for Malaysian architecture identityAbdul Qayyum
This paper discusses the approaches the Malaysian architects had taken since the independence concerning conveying a national identity in Malaysian architecture. the question is, does all these approaches work out as intended, or not? Or there was never really a proper approach in the first place? This paper discuss that.
National Mosque Malaysia Precedent Studies Tay Jit Ying
Masjid Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Table Content:
1. Introduction
2. Site Context
3. Architectural Layout and Plan
4. Architectural Style Analysis
5. Construction Process
6. Architectural Elements
Presentation on
Railway STATION LAYOUT
it 's Define of Railway Station
• A Railway Station or a Railroad Station and often shortened to Just Station, is a Railway facility where trains regularly stop to load or unload passengers and/or freight/goods.
• To enable the trains on a single line track to cross from opposite directions.
• To enable the following express trains to overtake
• For taking diesel or coal and water for locomotives
• For detaching engines and running staff
• For detaching or attaching of compartments and wagons
• For sorting of bogies to form new trains, housing of locomotive in loco sheds.
Presentation by Richard Bickers & Phil White, Arup Engineering.
Delivered to postgraduate students at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, February 2015. Copyright Arup 2015 all rights reserved.
a complete overview on the activities of Technital in Hydraulic works such as Hydropower, irrigation, pipeline, waste water treatment plants, dams, waterways, hydraulic modelling.
For further information, contact simone.venturini@technital.it
Danny Pleasant, Key Business Executive/Director in the City of Charlotte's Department of Transportation discusses phasing and the development of Charlotte's successful light rail system which is continuing to expand.
Grievance redressal of Hubli railway station : A multistorey approach Nishanth Patil
PROBLEM STATEMENT :
To suggest a viable option for capacity augmentation in Tier-I , Metropolitan and Tier-II Railway stations catering to commuter, non-suburban and freight traffic, considering Hubli Railway Station as Model Station for Design Basis.
SCOPE :
The scope of the proposal can be envisaged to pertain,
yet not be constrained to the following :
To successfully replicate the proposal, in Land-crunched cities, whilst augmenting capacity or relieving congestion;
To serve as an alternative solution to multi-directional , multi-focal travel alignments in transient cities;
To serve as a model for urban planning initiatives.
CONCLUSION :
The financial and technical feasibility of the proposal was measured by comparative study of 8 numbers of schemes, which were prepared by varying the material specifications for the member components.
The project is economically a better alternative in all cases wherever capacity augmentation necessitates the acquisition of land costing INR 4200 / sqft or more (2012-2013).
about indian railway, history of indian railway, mechanical workshop, painting shop, welding shop, heat treatment shop, spring section, machine shop, inspection shop etc.
This presentation is prepared by Mustakim Lakdawala and Foram Parmar. in this presentation, we have concentrated with heritage and conservation perticular with this case, like present condition, planning, problems, solution, suggestion etc. go through it for detailed knowledge. Thank You
THE GREAT INVENTIONS OF LAND AND PIPELINE TRANSPORT IN HISTORY AND ITS FUTURE...Fernando Alcoforado
This article aims to present the great inventions that contributed to the development of land and pipeline transport throughout history, as well as to show their probable future evolution. The means of land transport operate in the transport of people and cargo within cities and in the exchange between cities, states and surrounding countries, contributing to the economic and social development of a country or a region [3, 4. 5 and 6]. Land transport means are classified as rail, which use trains, electric trams and inclined planes, road transport, which use buses, cars, trucks, bicycles and motorcycles, subways that use the subway, as well as other means of transport such as urban elevators and cable cars. Pipeline or tubular means of transport are those made by means of tubes (gas pipelines, oil pipelines, alcohol pipelines, ore pipelines) to transport gases and fluids. This article presents in detail how the invention of the railway, the subway, the electric tram, the motor vehicle (internal combustion car, electric car and autonomous vehicle), the truck, the bicycle, the motorcycle, the elevator and ducts. In addition, it presents in detail what the land transport of the future will look like in urban centers, on railway lines and on highways
The Dark Secret of the World’s Longest Railway StationSuresh Mandal
The Dark Secret of the World’s Longest Railway Station
Posted on February 22, 2023
The Dark Secret of the World’s Longest Railway Station
The world’s longest railway station is a remarkable feat of engineering and a testament to the progress of modern transportation. The railway station is a critical piece of infrastructure for any country that has developed an advanced transportation system. A railway station serves as the hub of transportation for millions of commuters, tourists, and cargo across vast distances. In this article, we will explore the world’s longest railway station, including its location, history, architecture, and modern-day significance.
Location and History of the World’s Longest Railway Station
The world’s longest railway station is located in Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, and spans an impressive 1.074 kilometers (0.666 miles) in length. The station was built by the British in 1900, primarily to facilitate the movement of goods between Calcutta and Mumbai, two of the most important cities in India. The construction of the station was a complex task that involved the creation of a new railway line and extensive earthworks to level the ground on which the station was built. The station’s design features a massive platform that stretches for over a kilometer, with numerous tracks running parallel to each other.
Architecture of the World’s Longest Railway Station
The architecture of the world’s longest railway station is a remarkable example of the fusion between the traditional and modern styles. The station’s design includes a mix of Gothic, Renaissance, and modern architectural styles. The station’s central hall features a high ceiling with an intricate design, supported by arches and columns. The station’s platform is constructed of concrete and features an overhead walkway to allow passengers to move from one end of the platform to the other quickly. The station’s façade is adorned with numerous domes, turrets, and carvings, all adding to its unique charm.
Significance of the World’s Longest Railway Station
The world’s longest railway station is of significant historical and cultural significance, reflecting the development of India’s railway network and its place in global transportation. The station serves as a major hub for both passenger and cargo trains, facilitating the movement of millions of people and goods every year. The station is an essential transportation infrastructure for India, connecting the country’s major cities and facilitating trade between India’s various regions. The station has become a tourist destination in its right, with people from all over the world coming to see this remarkable feat of engineering and architecture.
Conclusion
The world’s longest railway station is a marvel of human ingenuity and a testament to the importance of transportation infrastructure. Its location, history, and architecture are fascinating, and its modern-day significance cannot be overstated. The station
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Empowering the Data Analytics Ecosystem: A Laser Focus on Value
The data analytics ecosystem thrives when every component functions at its peak, unlocking the true potential of data. Here's a laser focus on key areas for an empowered ecosystem:
1. Democratize Access, Not Data:
Granular Access Controls: Provide users with self-service tools tailored to their specific needs, preventing data overload and misuse.
Data Catalogs: Implement robust data catalogs for easy discovery and understanding of available data sources.
2. Foster Collaboration with Clear Roles:
Data Mesh Architecture: Break down data silos by creating a distributed data ownership model with clear ownership and responsibilities.
Collaborative Workspaces: Utilize interactive platforms where data scientists, analysts, and domain experts can work seamlessly together.
3. Leverage Advanced Analytics Strategically:
AI-powered Automation: Automate repetitive tasks like data cleaning and feature engineering, freeing up data talent for higher-level analysis.
Right-Tool Selection: Strategically choose the most effective advanced analytics techniques (e.g., AI, ML) based on specific business problems.
4. Prioritize Data Quality with Automation:
Automated Data Validation: Implement automated data quality checks to identify and rectify errors at the source, minimizing downstream issues.
Data Lineage Tracking: Track the flow of data throughout the ecosystem, ensuring transparency and facilitating root cause analysis for errors.
5. Cultivate a Data-Driven Mindset:
Metrics-Driven Performance Management: Align KPIs and performance metrics with data-driven insights to ensure actionable decision making.
Data Storytelling Workshops: Equip stakeholders with the skills to translate complex data findings into compelling narratives that drive action.
Benefits of a Precise Ecosystem:
Sharpened Focus: Precise access and clear roles ensure everyone works with the most relevant data, maximizing efficiency.
Actionable Insights: Strategic analytics and automated quality checks lead to more reliable and actionable data insights.
Continuous Improvement: Data-driven performance management fosters a culture of learning and continuous improvement.
Sustainable Growth: Empowered by data, organizations can make informed decisions to drive sustainable growth and innovation.
By focusing on these precise actions, organizations can create an empowered data analytics ecosystem that delivers real value by driving data-driven decisions and maximizing the return on their data investment.
Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation - Final Version - 5.23...John Andrews
SlideShare Description for "Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation"
Title: Chatty Kathy: Enhancing Physical Activity Among Older Adults
Description:
Discover how Chatty Kathy, an innovative project developed at the UNC Bootcamp, aims to tackle the challenge of low physical activity among older adults. Our AI-driven solution uses peer interaction to boost and sustain exercise levels, significantly improving health outcomes. This presentation covers our problem statement, the rationale behind Chatty Kathy, synthetic data and persona creation, model performance metrics, a visual demonstration of the project, and potential future developments. Join us for an insightful Q&A session to explore the potential of this groundbreaking project.
Project Team: Jay Requarth, Jana Avery, John Andrews, Dr. Dick Davis II, Nee Buntoum, Nam Yeongjin & Mat Nicholas
As Europe's leading economic powerhouse and the fourth-largest hashtag#economy globally, Germany stands at the forefront of innovation and industrial might. Renowned for its precision engineering and high-tech sectors, Germany's economic structure is heavily supported by a robust service industry, accounting for approximately 68% of its GDP. This economic clout and strategic geopolitical stance position Germany as a focal point in the global cyber threat landscape.
In the face of escalating global tensions, particularly those emanating from geopolitical disputes with nations like hashtag#Russia and hashtag#China, hashtag#Germany has witnessed a significant uptick in targeted cyber operations. Our analysis indicates a marked increase in hashtag#cyberattack sophistication aimed at critical infrastructure and key industrial sectors. These attacks range from ransomware campaigns to hashtag#AdvancedPersistentThreats (hashtag#APTs), threatening national security and business integrity.
🔑 Key findings include:
🔍 Increased frequency and complexity of cyber threats.
🔍 Escalation of state-sponsored and criminally motivated cyber operations.
🔍 Active dark web exchanges of malicious tools and tactics.
Our comprehensive report delves into these challenges, using a blend of open-source and proprietary data collection techniques. By monitoring activity on critical networks and analyzing attack patterns, our team provides a detailed overview of the threats facing German entities.
This report aims to equip stakeholders across public and private sectors with the knowledge to enhance their defensive strategies, reduce exposure to cyber risks, and reinforce Germany's resilience against cyber threats.
Opendatabay - Open Data Marketplace.pptxOpendatabay
Opendatabay.com unlocks the power of data for everyone. Open Data Marketplace fosters a collaborative hub for data enthusiasts to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets.
First ever open hub for data enthusiasts to collaborate and innovate. A platform to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets. Through robust quality control and innovative technologies like blockchain verification, opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of datasets, empowering users to make data-driven decisions with confidence. Leverage cutting-edge AI technologies to enhance the data exploration, analysis, and discovery experience.
From intelligent search and recommendations to automated data productisation and quotation, Opendatabay AI-driven features streamline the data workflow. Finding the data you need shouldn't be a complex. Opendatabay simplifies the data acquisition process with an intuitive interface and robust search tools. Effortlessly explore, discover, and access the data you need, allowing you to focus on extracting valuable insights. Opendatabay breaks new ground with a dedicated, AI-generated, synthetic datasets.
Leverage these privacy-preserving datasets for training and testing AI models without compromising sensitive information. Opendatabay prioritizes transparency by providing detailed metadata, provenance information, and usage guidelines for each dataset, ensuring users have a comprehensive understanding of the data they're working with. By leveraging a powerful combination of distributed ledger technology and rigorous third-party audits Opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of every dataset. Security is at the core of Opendatabay. Marketplace implements stringent security measures, including encryption, access controls, and regular vulnerability assessments, to safeguard your data and protect your privacy.
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
Hcm721 fms railway station in ipoh&kl awatif 300615
1. HCM 721 HISTORY AND THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE
AP777 MASTER IN HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PREPARED BY :
NUR ULFAH AWATIF UMAIRAH BT ALIAS (2014562439)
COURSE COORDINATOR:
DR MASTURA BT ADAM
JUNE 2015
2. TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background study
1.2 Industrial Revolution Era: Establishment of
1.3 Malaysian Architecture timeline
1.4 Railway development phases in Malaya
2.0 KUALA LUMPUR AND IPOH RAILWAY STATION
2.1 Evolution of railways lines In Federated Malay States
2.2 Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh first railway station: simple train shed structure
2.3 Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh first brick railway station: First colossal railway
3.0 KUALA LUMPUR AND IPOH COLOSSAL RAILWAY STATION
3.1 Location in British Administration Setting
3.2 Ipoh Railway Station Construction Issue: World War 1
3.3 Architectural Style
3.3.1 British public building Elements
3.3.2Moghul Neo-saracen Architecture
3.3.3 Global architecture era : Industrial revolution
4.0 CONCLUSION
5.0 REFFERENCES
NUR ULFAH AWATIF UMAIRAH BT ALIAS +6(012) 6923121 umairaalias@gmail.com
HCM 721 HISTORY AND THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE
AP777 MASTER IN HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT
4. British-India influence to FMS Railway
station in Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh
This paper intend to identify and evaluate the influence
of British India in Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh Railway
Station as the first two railway stations that have been
built by brick in FMS.
The political influence of British as an administrative
body of Malaya and Malayan geological environment of
that era will be examined to identify the influence to
the railway station’s architectural elements. The rivalry
between the European powers for control of the tin
deposits in Malaya as an economical force has further
developed the train system in Malaya, which has urged
to further development along the lines.
Therefore, this study will further evaluate the
relationship of the Ipoh Railway Station in comparison
to the Kuala Lumpur Railway Station’s architectural
style from the influence of global industrial revolution
era, as well as local political and historical influence.
1.1 INTRODUCTION :
BACKGROUND STUDY
rsmurthi. (2013, January 1). rsmurthi. Retrieved from http://www.rsmurthi.com/IpohStation.html
Ipoh Railway Station and Station Hotel c. 1945
5. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: INVENSION OF RAILWAY
The Industrial Revolution covers the century of extraordinary inventiveness and
unprecedented industrial and economic growth in Western world. Railway was invented
during this period of time and was also the driving force behind Industrial Revolution
(McNeese, 2010).
The blossoming Industrial Revolution thirsted for raw material namely tin in Malaya
(Eveland, 2011).
THE INFLUENCE OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN MALAYSIA
1.2 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ERA:
ESTABLISHMENT OF RAILWAY IN MALAYA
Geological environment and historical background of Malaya displayed an important
role in the development of railway.
Railway was brought into Malaya 60 years after its invention in Europe by the British. It
was a solution to their problem; the need to transport the tin from the mines to the
port in a shorter period of time.
In 19th century, rivalry takes part between the European powers for control of the tin
deposits in Malaya. Tin became a significant raw material contributing to the industrial
revolution.
Large tin deposits were discovered in Sungei Ujong of Negeri Sembilan, in the valleys
of Klang River and at Larut, Perak (Kaur, 1985). In 1874, British came in to control the
unrest in the tin-producing areas and later, residential system was established in Perak,
Selangor and Sungei Ujong (Visvanathan, 2013).
The first railway system in Malaya was in 1885 from Taiping to Port Weld and later from
Kuala Lumpur to Klang. Many new cities begin to develop along the way later.
Both of this railway lines were later connected during the establishment of the
Federated Malay States. Ipoh and Kuala Lumpur later became the capital city and has
later constructed the first brick railway station for each states.
RAILWAY ESTABLISHMENT IN MALAYA
“ The great difficulty that the
tin could be got from the
mines to the shipping place”
( Hugh Low)
“ Railways were clearly the
answer since they provide the
means of richening up the
territory with all its rich
commercial possibility”
( Hugh Low)
SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:
1870-1914
6. 1.3 MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE
TIMELINE
MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE TMELINE
1910
KUALA LUMPUR RAILWAY STATION
1917
IPOH RAILWAY STATION
Source: University of Malaya, 2015
BEFORE 1910: Heavily
influenced with Moghul
style from British India
AFTER 1920: Moghul style
of British India became
less fashioned in this era.
Architecture elements has
been simplified with
mixture of art deco
elements.
7. THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
STAGE 1: KERETAPI NEGERI-NEGERI (1885 TO 1900)
British government in India do not agree to develop the
railways in Malaya. The Train system was financed by the
British state government at that time in Perak and Selangor.
STAGE 2: FEDERATION MALAY STATES RAILWAYS
A.K.A FMSR (1901 TO 1948)
State government of Perak and Selangor realize the sharing
interest and needs of railways, and begin to collaborate to
improved co-ordination of development in the new
founded federation.
The outbreak of World War II was marked with the
Japanese Empire's invasion of Malaya in 1942.
STAGE 3: MALAYAN RAILWAY/ KERETAPI TANAH
MELAYU@KTM (1948 TO 1992)
British government in India accept the establishment of
FMSR and agree to develop new tracks to connect other
states in Malaya. Malayan Railway was established.
STAGE 4: KTM BERHAD (1992 ONWARDS)
Malayan Union dissolved and was replaced with
Persekutuan Tanah Melayu. The Malayan Railway was
renamed as Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad(KTM) in 1992
1.4 RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT PHASES IN
MALAYA
RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT PHASES :
1885 TO 1900
1901 TO 1948
1948 TO 1992
INDIVIDUAL STATE (INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION)
IN FMS PROVINCE UNTIL WORLDWAR
REBRANDING AFTER WORLDWAR: MALAYAN UNION
Source :Hassan, 1994
9. TIN DEPOSITS DISCOVERED IN FEDERATED MALAY STATES:
2.1 EVOLUTION OF RAILWAYS LINES IN
FEDERATED MALAY STATES1896
(Left) Port Weld Station , 1886 and (right) Taiping Station, 1885
Source: malayarailway. (2009, June 2). malayarailway. Retrieved from F.M.S.R - Taiping - Port Weld Railway Line:
http://www.malayarailway.com/2009/01/fmrs-taiping-port-weld-line.html#axzz3dNuRr1bH
Port Swettenham, 1907
Source: http://www.rsmurthi.com/PortSwettenhamPhotos.html
IN PERAK : LINE FROM TAIPING TO PORT WELD (1885)
IN SELANGOR: LINE FROM KL TO KLANG (1886)
Earlier established railway lines are within state government
initiatives which was built for economical purpose; from the
mines to the port.
After the establishment of FMS, British has linked all the
railway lines for both, economical and administrative purpose
(Chan, 1967).Ipoh Station begun to play a significant role in
Perak during FMS due to its shorter distance to Kuala Lumpur
station in comparison to other tin deposits around Perak. Ipoh
later became the capital of Perak.
10. 1901
Internationalsteam. (2014). Retrieved from Steam in West Malaysia 1996: http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/malay02.htm
LINE FROM IPOH TO PORT WELD (1896)
LINE FROM KL TO PORT SWETTENHAM (1899)
IN SUNGEI UJONG: LINE FROM SEREMBAN TO PORT DICKSON (1891)
2.1 EVOLUTION OF RAILWAYS LINES IN
FEDERATED MALAY STATES
In 1896, Selangor, Perak, Negeri
Sembilan and Pahang was merged
under the Federated Malay States
(FMS) a.k.a Negeri-negeri melayu
bersekutu.
Rail was the main medium to
network link to the 4 states for the
purpose of administration and
economy (Chan, 1967).
11. 2.2 KUALA LUMPUR AND IPOH FIRST
RAILWAY STATION
IPOH RAILWAY STATION
YEARARCHITECTURE
STYLE
Year:1886
Location: (known as Resident Station) along, earlier
called Victory Avenue
By: the State government
Year:1893
Location: Along Jalan Fryer @ opposite track of current building
with simple shed structure
Kuala Lumpur – Old Railway Station in 1894
http://abckualalumpur.com/info_guide/kl_railwaystn.html
Ipoh– Old Railway Station in 1894
https://aibob.wordpress.com/2012/01/31/kuala-lumpur-once-upon-a-time/
A traveler from Medan, Sumatra, who visited Ipoh in the 1920s called
the Ipoh Railway Station "number two" after the Kuala Lumpur Railway
Station.
IPOH RAILWAY STATION AS SISTER BUILDING TO
KUALA LUMPUR RAILWAY STATION
RAILWAY SHED
• Simple railway shed structure with large overhangs.
• The first station was a temporary building made of wood and corrugated iron
• The building consist of 2 compartments; a platform and a ticket counter
• The building was constructed by the Indians brought in by the British as labor forces of that time
KUALA LUMPUR RAILWAY STATION
12. 2.3 KUALA LUMPUR AND IPOH
FIRST BRICK RAILWAY STATION
KUALA LUMPUR RAILWAY STATION IPOH RAILWAY STATION
LOCATION&
BACKGROUND
Second Ipoh Railway Station (1917) : along Jalan Kelab
• This building was under the administration of FMSR leaded by a
‘district superintendent’
• There are 2 roads to enter the new site, Jalan Hugh Low and Jalan
Stesen
• This new railway station was designed together with a hotel as in
Kuala Lumpur, Johor and Singapore.
BUILDING
COMPONENTS
The main building is constructed with 2 main section:
• Terminal area (Waiting area, offices and restaurant ) and hotel
(The hotel have been added in reference to most previously
added hotel in Kuala Lumpur and Singapore Railway Station)
• Train shed
The function of the building is divided into 3 main section:
• Main building function (Main hall, ticket counters and
offices)
• Platform and rail
• 1915, Extension of the Station of a 30-room Hotel (3
levels)
rsmurthi. (2013, January 1). rsmurthi. Retrieved from http://www.rsmurthi.com/IpohStation.html
Ipoh Railway Station and Station Hotel c. 1945
• SecondKuala Lumpur Railway Station (1910) : along Jalan
Sultan Hishamuddin
• previously known as Victory Avenue, which in turn was part of
Damansara Road.
• The station is located closely to the similarly designed Railway
Administration Building, as well as the National Mosque
http://www.keretapi.com/website/photos-from-ebay-old-kuala-lumpur-station/
Kuala Lumpur Railway Station c. 1930
14. RAILWAY BUILDING IN BRITISH ADMINISTRATION SETTING
3.1 LOCATION IN BRITISH
ADMINISTRATION SETTING
RAILWAY STATION
PARADE GROUND
POST OFFICE
GOVERNMENT
OFFICE
HIGH COURT
CLUBHOUSE
BANK
http://fac.arch.hku.hk/asian-cities-research/kuala-lumpur-historical-map-and-photos-2/
British administrative setting in Ipoh
Kuala Lumpur plan in 1930 British administrative setting in Kuala Lumpur
British administrative center has developed a
standard module which have been applied to most
of its town around Malaya. The administrative
setting shall consist of a government office, post
office, high court, bank, club house and a parade
ground.
In comparison to both city setting in Ipoh and Kuala
Lumpur, Ipoh has displayed the strong relationship
of railway station to its administration center. Ipoh
was a major location for mining deposit and has
been established as a city due to mining activity.
Railway was an important mean of transportation to
the town.
On the other hand, Kuala Lumpur reflected that the
British administration center is located closer to the
river mouth. This was because it’s early local
settlements have mostly settled along the river with
water transportation as a means of transportation
for communication and trades. Railway was added
later for the rising need of higher capacity and faster
means of transportation.
15. IPOH RAILWAY STATION
DELAYOFCONSTRUCTION
The station was designed by AB Hubbock (MSPWD)- the
same architect whom has designed Kuala Lumpur Railway
Station.
claimed to be the first brick building built by the state
government at that time.
The construction began in 1914 but was interrupted due to a
shortage of materials and high costs of labor during World
War I.
This station was constructed by phases from the North
After the completion of the main building, a temporary
wooden platform was constructed to connect the main
building. Platform 1,2,3,4 and 5 was built after that
Completed in 1917, the station has three platforms,
commodious offices for railway staff, and a restaurant and
hotel. The hotel rooms open out to the deep upper verandah.
It was upgraded from 17 to 21 rooms by 1936.
3.2 IPOH RAILWAY STATION
CONSTRUCTION ISSUE
16. 3.3 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE:
ARCHITECTURE STYLES
Architecture style and elements reflected on both Kuala Lumpur
and Ipoh Railway Stations have been on the influence of the
factors below:
1. The function of the building – to reflect the masculine and
massive figure of a British public building.
2. Brtish-India :Moghul neo-saracen architecture- carried in by
the British officers whom have served in India before coming
to Malaya. The elements are carried in to demonstrate Malaya
as an Islamic country.
3. Influence of architecture era in global context – Starting from
Industrial revolution up to art deco era
3.3.1 BRITISH PUBLIC BUILDING
ELEMENTS
As a British public building, both of this stations share a common
elements to display a massive masculine figure to look dominant.
In Britain, the Neoclassical style was employed in the design of a
wide variety of public buildings from banks to museums to post
offices.
It is identified with common architecture principles as follow:
• Symmetrical
• Visual frame & break front
• Proportion & verticality (visually looks taller)
• Repetition and rhyme
17. 3.3.1 BRITISH PUBLIC BUILDING
ELEMENTS
SYMETRICAL
bBlance to the exis in both façade and layout. This is essentially important
to display stability and power through a massive image.
DOMINANT
It is a important character derived from the classical architecture to
‘highlight’ certain façade elements such as main entrance.
Big dome highlighting the centre
and a medium-size dome on the
marking the other 2 ends. These
domes is harmonized with the
1
1
1
2
Source :Hassan, Z. (1994). Stesen Keretapi Ipoh. Kuala Lumpur: UTM.
3 dome size
Small-edges of the building
Miideum’north south tower
Big centre of building
Front elevation of Ipoh Railway Station
Front elevation of Kuala Lumpur Railway Station
18. VISUAL FRAME
The building form is very linear, the edges is highlighted with decorative
projected elements.
The visual frame created a solid and stable image for the building.
1 2 3
1 2 3
Source :Hassan, Z. (1994). Stesen Keretapi Ipoh. Kuala Lumpur: UTM.
BREAK
FRONT
3.3.1 BRITISH PUBLIC BUILDING
ELEMENTS
Front elevation of Ipoh Railway Station
Front elevation of Kuala Lumpur Railway Station
19. The façade elements on the lower body is enlarged and exaggerated to
make the body visually looks taller.
REPETITION AND RHYTHM
This is reflected in the design of column, balustrade, pediments on the
façade, domes and others.
Source :Hassan, Z. (1994). Stesen Keretapi Ipoh. Kuala Lumpur: UTM.
URN-LIKE
3.3.1 BRITISH PUBLIC BUILDING
ELEMENTS
Front elevation of Ipoh Railway Station
Front elevation of Kuala Lumpur Railway Station
20. 3.3.1 BRITISH PUBLIC BUILDING
ELEMENTS
Source :Hassan, Z. (1994). Stesen Keretapi Ipoh. Kuala Lumpur: UTM.
EDGES:
It is commonly known as the ‘ battlements’ in
classical architecture. It often is designed
similar to the balustrade along the corridor to
look harmonious with the overall facade.
Similar to classical Corinthian balustrade
Front elevation of Ipoh Railway Station
Front elevation of Kuala Lumpur Railway Station
21. MOGHUL NEO-SARACEN ARCHITECTURE
This style has been displayed at both Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh
railway station. It is commonly known as MOGHUL NEO-SARACEN
ARCHITECTURE or Moghul revival.
Moghul Neo-saracen Architecture is marriage elements from
Native Indo-Islamic and Indian architecture (to create notable
impression of Islamic architecture) with western Gothic revival
and Neo-classical styles.
The term Saracenic was used by the ancient Romans to refer to
province of Arabia features gently curving domes and arches.
It was a popularity style in late-19th century and early 20th
century in colonial India and was carried into Malaya by British
architects in British India (A.B. Hubback has worked in India
before coming to Malaya in 1901)
ARCHITECTURE
STYLE
3.3.2MOGHUL NEO-SARACEN
ARCHITECTURE
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/neoclassical-architecture.htm
22. 3.3.2MOGHUL NEO-SARACEN
ARCHITECTURE
Source :Hassan, Z. (1994). Stesen Keretapi Ipoh. Kuala Lumpur: UTM.
PALLADIAN WINDOW
WINDOW WITH PEDIMENT
SILL
Front elevation of Ipoh Railway Station
Portion of Front facade of Ipoh Railway Station, 2015
Source :Hassan, Z. (1994). Stesen Keretapi Ipoh. Kuala Lumpur: UTM.
Portion of Front elevation of Ipoh Railway Station (left) Displaying the proportion of window
sizes at every floor (Right) elements of Neo-classical
IPOH RAILWAY STATION
23. 3.3.2MOGHUL NEO-SARACEN
ARCHITECTURE
PEDIMENTS
Source :Hassan, Z. (1994). Stesen Keretapi Ipoh. Kuala Lumpur: UTM.
Pediments are used to decorate the building.
Two types of pediments are used in the façade:
a. Triangular pediment after L’Eveille
b. Segmental Pediment after Vignola
BRACKET
• It is a supporting structure often seen in Indian temples.
• Seen used to support the dome and front windows
Front elevation of Ipoh Railway Station
Pediments of Neo-classical
Windows and doors along Ipoh Railway Station verandah way is decorated with Neo-
classical broken pediment, 2015
24. ‘egga and dart’ motif found to decorate
around the building on its architrave and
Ionic column as a common motif found in
Neo-classical building
3.3.2MOGHUL NEO-SARACEN
ARCHITECTURE
‘EGGA AND DART’ MOTIF
Windows, pediments and architraves on Ipoh Railway façade is well decorated with
the egg and dart motif from Neo-classical element, 2015
Column in the veranda way of Ipoh Railway Station is well decorated with the egg and
dart motif from Neo-classical element, 2015 Source :Hassan, Z. (1994). Stesen Keretapi Ipoh. Kuala Lumpur: UTM.
25. 3.3.2MOGHUL NEO-SARACEN
ARCHITECTURE
Source :Hassan, Z. (1994). Stesen Keretapi Ipoh. Kuala Lumpur: UTM.
CLASSICAL COLUMN
It is devided to capital, entablature, shaft, base,and pedestal
(from timber known as wood casing)
In proportion base on the classical order:
• Base: Similar to the Corinthian
• Capital and entablature: similar to classical Tuscan
column
• Some column is a rusticated column which has few block
like partition.
Type of column:
• Steel column
• Square drum column
• Circular drum
*not all column function to transfer load
Rusticated column (block like partition) in Ipoh Railway Station, 2015
Square and circular drum column in Ipoh Railway Station, 2015
26. 3.3.2MOGHUL NEO-SARACEN
ARCHITECTURE
Source :Hassan, Z. (1994). Stesen Keretapi Ipoh. Kuala Lumpur: UTM.
MINERATE
The minarets are designed in hexagon
which was adaprted by British as an
Islamic elemental pattern. Hexagon is
also used to design the main first class
ticket counter.
Ipoh Railway Station Minerets , June 2015
Front elevation of Ipoh Railway Station
Comparative Minarets design from other building in India
27. Source :Hassan, Z. (1994). Stesen Keretapi Ipoh. Kuala Lumpur: UTM.
3.3.2MOGHUL NEO-SARACEN
ARCHITECTURE
ARCHES
Often used in Indian tample and mosque. Used
type was:
Semi-circular type (Ground floor)
Segmented (Bath level)
Uses chamber’s guidelines for setting out
arches in classical measure but it does not
apply to all.
Uses 10ft diameter(for small corridor on north
and south) and (16ft diameterarch in the
centre) for
Front elevation of Ipoh Railway Station
Arch in Ipoh Station applies the Classical arch principle
28. 3.3.2MOGHUL NEO-SARACEN
ARCHITECTURE
Source :Hassan, Z. (1994). Stesen Keretapi Ipoh. Kuala Lumpur: UTM.
MINERATE
Often projected up at the corner edges, higher than
the main building to create an attractive skyline.
Kuala Lumpur station reflects a strong character of
mosque from layout with courtyard , surrounded by
slim columns and edges marked with minaret -like
towers
MOORISH TURRETS -CHATRIS
(commonly found in Hindu as well as Mughal
architecture)
6 CHATRIS originally, with 2 added later at the
corners of the building accompanying smaller
variations at the front.
chhatris which hold the domes
is a small tower that projects vertically
from the wall
turret as decorative structure to the
building. In the other ways, it might
contain a staircase if it projects higher
than the building.
Pinnacles
Front elevation of Kuala Lumpur Railway Station
Comparative Minarets design from other building in India
KUALA LUMPUR RAILWAY STATION
Chhatris of Kuala Lumpur Railway Station
29. Source :Hassan, Z. (1994). Stesen Keretapi Ipoh. Kuala Lumpur: UTM.
KUALA LUMPUR RAILWAY STATION
BUILDING ELEMENTS: ARCHES
Elliptical arch
Equilateral Arch Horseshoe Arch
Keyhole Arch
@ also called the Moorish arch and
the Keyhole arch, is the emblematic
arch of Islamic architecture.
Ogee Cyma Reversa Arch
ARCHES
30. FORMATION OF RAILWAY STATION STANDARDS IN EUROPE:
Adapted in the concept of kuala lumpur and ipoh railway station
• Exposed steel structure in the platform area parallel to technical
and engineering character.
• Variety of platform structure depending on the width
• Concourse area (to gather)
• Combination of hotel and train Satation . Firstly used in 1837 in
England by Lord Crewe
• Picturesque eclecticism used from late 18th century to early 20th
century to form an attractive skyline
Even though the raw material of tins have not been spent in Malaya,
these stations was still affected by the change of building material.
This is obviously presented in its platform area which have been of a
wide span steel structure especially Kuala Lumpur Train Station.
Ipoh have had steel as a structure for the whole building, which is
however, being covered by concrete in the main building
3.3.3 GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE ERA :
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Megalomania(1890-1914) era has developed railway system widely in the west.
This has carry influence in Malaya only later , which reflects the changes of elements in Ipoh Station
compared to the earlier style of Kuala Lumpur Station.
• From romantic era to aesthetic
• Towers became less frequent
• Domes begin to replace spires
• Proportion: grand
• Use of glass cages and domes
31. rsmurthi. (2013, January 1). rsmurthi. Retrieved from http://www.rsmurthi.com/IpohStation.html
Steam train at Kuala Lumpur railway station c. 1950
Kuala Lumpur railway station platform c.1920
http://www.keretapi.com/website/photos-from-ebay-old-kuala-lumpur-station/
3.3.3 GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE ERA :
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Steam train at Kuala Lumpur railway station c. 1915
32. rsmurthi. (2013, January 1). rsmurthi. Retrieved from http://www.rsmurthi.com/IpohStation.html
Ipoh railway station platform c. 1950
3.3.3 GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE ERA :
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Steel I beam and column covered with
concrete finish in most area except platform
area to harmonize the design as a whole
and to differentiate the platform area from
the building.
Ipoh railway station platform section
33. 4.0 CONCLUSION
This study has identified and recognized the
similarity and differences in both, Kuala
Lumpur and Ipoh Railway Station
architecture through its historical
background and influence. Kuala Lumpur
and Ipoh became the capital for Selangor
and Perak, function as the main center of
administration for British. Therefore, both
stations shows a strong masculine identity
as a public building under British
administration in Malaya.
However, even though both of this buildings
were the first brick FMS railway station in
each state, Kuala Lumpur Railway Station
was build 7 years earlier than Ipoh Railway
station.
Only in the late 19th century Ipoh was found
to contain large tin deposits and British
came in to control the unrest in the tin-
producing areas and later.
Kuala Lumpur Station(1910) has displayed a strong Moghul and Raj
architecture and detailing that was later becoming less and simplified in
Ipoh Station. Kuala Lumpur station architecture style was similar to most
British public buildings in Kuala Lumpur in its era. The architects in that
time were closely influenced by British style in India.
Ipoh Station, which was later built in 1917 after the world war, have been
in the simpler complexity. Limitation of material was a challenge, and the
style is experimental. It demonstrated a stronger simplified classical image
and proportion.
The influence of Megalomania in Europe was found to influence the design
of Ipoh station which has exhibit fewer towers and minarets but more
domes.
On top of all, in the overall form of the building, both station has displayed
a common architectural elements of a British public building with a massive
image and principle.
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