Bus Terminal Pre Design Study.pdf
- 1. REDESIGN OF PANDITNEHRU BUS TERMINAL, I I I I I I I I I 2A N.KEERTHI BUS BOARDING BAY ARRANGEMENT THIS RELATES TO TYPES OF BOARDING BAY ARRANGEMENTS, AND IS INFLUENCED BY • BUS DEMAND -NUMBER OF BUSSES ENTERING AND EXITING • THE CIRCULATION PATTERN -OF BUSSES AND VEHICULAR,PEDISTRIAN • CURB LENGTH LIMITATIONS -LENGTH OF THE CURB • SPACE AVAILABILITY IN THE TERMINAL. -SPACE AVILABLE TO FUNCTION DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES BUS BOARDING BUS BOARDING IS THE ENTRY OF PASSENGERS ONTO A VEHICLE, USUALLY IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. BOARDING STARTS WITH ENTERING THE VEHICLE AND ENDS WITH THE SEATING OF EACH PASSENGER AND CLOSING THE DOORS. BUS BAY • BUS BAY ALSO KNOWN AS BUS TURN OUT,BUS PULL OUT,BUS LAY-BY. • MEANS A PLATFORM PROVIDED IN BUS TERMINAL AND CITY BUS STOPS WHERE A BUS DROPS PASSENGERS AT DESTINATION AND CARRIES PASSENGERS AT SOURCE POINT. • DIFFERENT TYPES OF BUS BAY USE IN BUS TERMINAL AND BUS STOPS. • THIS REFERS TO TYPES OF BOARDING BAY ARRANGEMENTS AND IS INFLUENCED BY THE BUS DEMAND,CIRCULATION PATERN,CURB LENGTH LIMITATIONS,AND SPACE AVAILABILITY IN THE TERMINAL.THERE ARE FIVE TYPES: ➢ SAW TOOTH BAYS ➢ ANGULAR BAYS ➢ PERPENDICULAR BAYS ➢ LINEAR OR PARALLEL BAYS ➢ DRIVE THROUGH BAYS SAW THOOTH BAYS • BAYS ARRANGED IN SAW-TOOTH FASHION. • THIS ARRANGEMENT WORKS WELL WITH ONE WAY DRIVEWAY(ALONG THE BAYS),AND ALLOWS EASY PULLING IN AND PULLING OUT OF BUSES,WITHOUT THE NEED TO REVERSE. • ADDITIONALLY ,IT ENSURES REDUCED GAP BETWEEN BUS AND PLATFORM WHILE DOCKING. • THIS ARRANGEMENT ALLOWS EASY DOCKING OF BUSES BUT REQUIRES LONG CURB LENGTHS. • TO AVOID LONG CONTINUOUS LENGTHS, SAW TOOTH BAYS MAY BE PROVIDED IN PARALLEL ARRANGEMENT WITH PASSING LANES AND CONNECTING RAISED CROSSING FOR PASSENGER ACCESS. ANGULAR BAYS:(60,45,30 DEGREES) • BAYS ALIGNED PARALLEL AT 60,45,30 DEGREES. • THESE ARE WELL WITH ONE WAY DRIVEWAY AND ALLOW EASY PULLING IN,BUT REQUIRE REVERSING WHILE PULLING OUT. • A REDUCED ANGLE OF BAY MINIMIZES DRIVEWAY WIDTH REQUIREMENT. • THIS ARRANGEMENT ALLOWS EASY DOCKING OF BUSES WITH SHORTER CURB LENGTH. • THIS MAY BE COMBINED WITH PARALLEL ARRANGEMENT IN TERMINALS WITH LOWER BUS FLOW. ➢ IDLE PARKING ➢ OFFLOADING ➢ LOADING CLASSIFICATION BASED ON POSITION OF BAYS,ANGLE MAKING WITH PLATFORM SUITABLE FOR BUS TERMINAL CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE FUNCTIONS IN THE BAYS THE TYPE OF BAY SUITABLE FOR BUS STOP BUS LENGTH OF THE CURB BUS BAY THE TYPE OF BAY FOR BUS TERMINAL FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES TERMINAL OPERATIONS INVOLVE A COMPLEX JUGGLING OF FUNCTIONS TO SUPPORT BUS AND PASSENGER HANDLING. THESE FUNCTIONS INFLUENCE TERMINAL INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING, MAINTENANCE AND DESIGN. SAWTOOTH BAY FOR 100 M LENGTH ANGLE BAY WITH 30 DEGREES FOR 100 M LENGTH ANGLE BAY WITH 45 DEGREES FOR 100 M LENGTH ANGLE BAY WITH 60 DEGREES FOR 100 M LENGTH PERPENDICULAR BAYS • BAYS ARRANGED PARALLEL,AT 90 DEGREES. • THIS ARRANGEMENT REQUIRES MINIMUM COMBINED AREA PER BUS(BAY+DRIVELINE),BUT MAXIMUM DRIVEWAY WIDTH,AND HIGHER EFFORT(AND TIME) FOR PULLING IN AND OUT. • PERPENDICULAR BAYS ARE THUS MOST SUITABLE FOR IDLE PARKING OR FOR BOARDING BAYS IN SMALL TERMINALS WITH A LONG LAYOVER TIME. • ALIGNED PERPENDICULAR TO CONCOURSE. IDEAL ARRANGEMENT FOR IDLE PARKING FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES BUS ALLOCATIONS BUS BOARDING BAY ARRANGEMENTS LAY OVER TIME TYPICAL DIMENSSIONS OF A BUS BAY WIDTH 3M AND BUS WIDTH 2.5M • IDLE PARKING- REFERS TO RUNNING A VEHICLE'S ENGINE WHEN THE VEHICLE IS NOT IN MOTION. • OFFLOADING- TO UNLOAD OR GETTING RID OFF LUGGAGE OR PASSENGERS FROM A BUS • LOADING-ACT OF LOADING THE LUGGAGE OR PASSENGERS INTO THE BUS LOADING OFFLOADING IDLE PARKING DATE
- 2. REDESIGN OF PANDITNEHRU BUS TERMINAL, I I I I I I I I I 2B N.KEERTHI PERPENDICULAR BAY FOR 100 M LENGTH LINEAR/PARALLEL BAYS • BAYS ARRANGED LINEARLY ALONG THE DEPARTURE PLATFORM. • A LONG LINEAR PLATFORMS SERVES MULTIPLE BUSES. • LINEAR BAYS USUALLY INCLUDE AN OVERTAKING LANE WHICH ACTS AS A DRIVEWAY. • THIS WORK WITH ONE WAY DRIVEWAY,OCCUPY LONG CURB LENGTH PER BUS,BUT REQUIRE MINIMAL DRIVEWAY WIDTH. • LINEAR BAYS FIND IT DIFFICULT TO ALLOW DRIVERS TO DEDUCE GAPS BETWEEN BUS PLATFORM WHILE DOCKING. • THIS ARRANGEMENT REQUIRES LONGER CURB LENGTH AS BUSES ARE STACKED ONE BEHIND THE OTHER WITH ADEQUATEHEAD SPACE. THERE IS AN OVERTAKING LANE PARALLEL TO THE BUS BAY. • ONE MAY COMBINE IT WITH ANOTHER ADJACENT PARALLEL BAY WITH OVERTAKING LANE IN BETWEEN. LINEAR BAY FOR 100 M LENGTH DRIVE THROUGH BAYS • BAYS ARRANGED PARALLEL AT EITHER 90,60,45,30 DEGREES WITHOUT AN OVER TAKING LANE WITH OPENING FOR BUS LANES ON BOTH SIDES. • DRIVE THROUGH BAYS ALLOW FOR PARALLEL BAYS,EACH WITH A SINGLE DRIVE-IN LANE.THESE BAYS MAY BE ARRANGED AT 30,45,60,90 DEGREES TO CURB. • TO GET TO DRIVE THROUGH BOARDING BAYS,PASSENGERS NEED TO CROSS MULTIPLE BUS DRIVE WAYS.THIS IS USUALLY SOLVED BY PROVIDING RAISED CROSS-WALKS. • THUS,DRIVE THROUGH BAYS WORK WELL FOR LOW PASSENGER VOLUME TERMINALS OR THOSE WHICH REQUIRE MINIMAL BAGGAGE TRANSFER;THEY SUIT LOCAL BUS TERMINALS MORE THAN INTER-STATE ONES. • THE BAYS ARE PARALLEL ARRANGEMENT WITHOUT PASSING LANES. THUS PARALLEL BOARDING LANES ARE SEGREGATED FROM EACH OTHER BY THEIR RESPECTIVE BOARDING BAYS. INTER STATE FIXED ROUTE BAY LARGE INTER STATE DYNAMIC BAY LARGE ANGULAR BUS BAYS CAN BE PREFERRED AND THEN PERPENDICULAR INTER STATE FIXED BAY MEDIUM INTER STATE DYNAMIC BAY MEDIUM BAYS ARRANGEMENT PREFERED FOR DIFFERENT BAYS AND SIZES INTER STATE FIXED BAY SMALL BOTH ANGULAR BUS BAYS PERPENDICULAR HAVE EQUAL PREFERENCE INTER STATE DYNAMIC BAY SMALL BUS BAY BASED ON TIME FOR FIXED BAYS BUS BAY BASED ON TIME FOR DYNAMIC BAYS BOARDING, ALIGHTING AND IDLE PARKING FUNCTIONS CAN BE WORKED OUT WITH A COMMON BAY FOR LAYOVER TIME UPTO 10 MIN ACROSS ALL TERMINAL SIZES. REQUIREMENT OF IDLE BAY DROPS DOWN AT LAYOVER TIME 60 MIN FOR MEDIUM TERMINALS AND FROM 40 MIN TO 60 MIN FOR LARGE TERMINAL AS MULTILEVEL PARKING IS INTRODUCED. BOARDING, ALIGHTING AND IDLE PARKING FUNCTIONS CAN BE WORKED OUT WITH A COMMON BAY FOR LAYOVER TIME UPTO 10 MIN ACROSS ALL TERMINAL SIZES. REQUIREMENT OF IDLE BAY DROPS DOWN AT LAYOVER TIME 60 MIN FOR MEDIUM TERMINALS AND FROM 30 MIN TO 60 MIN FOR LARGE TERMINAL AS MULTILEVEL PARKING IS INTRODUCED. ➢ BUS TERMINAL DESIGN GUIDELINES ➢ https://voakl.net/2015/06/18/note-to-auckland-transport-this-is-why-you-do-not-build-sawtooth-bay-bus-stations/ SOURCES OBSERVATION FROM OTHER BUS TERMINAL CASE STUDIES 13 BUS CRASHES AT NEW CHRISTCHURCH BUS STATION ,2 OF THE CRASHES ARE BUS TO BUS COLLISIONS.SIX CRASHES INVOLVED A REVERSING BUS HITTING A TEMPERORY FENCE.FOUR INVOLVEDD BUSES HITTING BOLLARD AND ONE INVOLVED A BUS HITTING THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE BAY WHEN REVERSING. THESE ALL OCCURRED BECUARE OF USING SAW TOOTH BUS BAY. ▪ SMALL –LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 60 BUSSES PER HOUR ▪ MEDIUM-MORE THAN 60 UPTO 300 BUSSES PER HOUR ▪ LARGE-MORE THAN 300 BUSSES PER HOUR AREA REQUIRED PER A BUS SAW TOOTH - 217 SQM LINEAR - 262 SQM PERPENDICULAR - 150 SQM ANGULAR 30,45,60 - 163,150,145 SQM DRIVE THROUGH - 258 SQM TERMINAL SIZE- TERMINAL SIZE IS DECIDED BY THE NUMBER OF BUSSES DAILY ENTERING TH BUS TERMINAL, THE CONFIGURATION IS LIKE DATE
- 3. MAHARANA PRATAP ISBT, II I I I I I I I 3A N.KEERTHI INTRODUCTION HISTORY • KASHMERE GATE ISBT WAS OPENED IN 1976. • IT SERVED AS THE ONLY ISBT IN DELHI TILL 1993 WHEN IT WAS TRANSFERRED TO THE TRANSPORT DEPARTMENT, AFTER TWO NEW ISBT'S WERE CREATED IN SARAI KALE KHAN AND ANAND VIHAR TO DE-CONGEST THE OVERCROWDED KASHMERE GATE ISBT. • IT WAS RENOVATED IN 2011-2012 BY DIMTS AT A COST OF ₹ 70 CRORES AND THEN INAUGURATED IN 2013 BY CHIEF MINISTER OF DELHI, SHEILA DIKSHIT. TERMINAL SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS • BASED ON THE NUMBER OF TRIPS PER DAY IN ISBT ,KASHMERE GATE ISBT COMES UNDER MEDIUM SIZE BUS TERMINAL- 2000 BUSES PER DAY. • FACE LIFTING OF THE BUILDING WHILE MAINTAINING THE ORIGINAL CONTEXT OF THE EXPOSED CONCRETE CHARACTER OF THE FACADE. • PROVISION OF ESCALATORS AND ELEVATORS. • PROVISION OF BUS, CAR/TAXI AND TWO WHEELER PARKING. • DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL AREAS IN THE TERMINAL. • SUPPLEMENT THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN DELHI THROUGH A CITY-WIDE INTEGRATED MULTI-MODAL NETWORK OF MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS. • AREA COVERED BY ISBT IS 56,126 SQMTS (13.12 ACRES). • IT CONSISTS OF FOUR ACCESS T0 THE SITE,TWO FOR THE BUS ENTRY EXIT AND TWO FOR PBLIC ENTRY EXIT. • IT CONSIST OF TWO BLOCKS • ARRIVAL BLOCK • DEPARTURE BLOCK • DELHI'S 2021 POPULATION IS NOW ESTIMATED AT 31,181,376. IN 1950, THE POPULATION OF DELHI WAS 1,369,369. • DELHI HAS GROWN BY 890,440 SINCE 2015, WHICH REPRESENTS A 2.94% ANNUAL CHANGE. TOURIST PROFILE DELHI'S RICH TRADITION, EFFERVESCENT HISTORY, MONUMENTS, MUSEUMS, GALLERIES, PARKS AND MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE ARE SOME OF THE SPECIAL ATTRACTIONS THAT BECKON TOURISTS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD. ➢ DAILY MORE THAN ONE LAKH PEOPLE REACH THEIR DESTINATION USING KASHMERE GATE ISBT LOCATION • DELHI IS LOCATED IN NORTHERN INDIA BETWEEN THE LATITUDE LONGITUDES OF 76°-50’-24” AND 77°-20’-37” EAST. • DELHI SHARES BORDERS WITH THE STATES OF UTTAR PRADESH AND HARYANA. • DELHI HAS AN AREA OF 1,483 SQ. KMS ITS MAXIMUM LENGTH IS 51.90 KMS AND GREATEST WIDTH IS 48.48 KMS. DEMOGRGPHIC PROFILE OF DELHI ➢ DELHI IS A FASTEST GROWING METRO IN INDIA. TODAY, IT COMPRISES OF OVER 17 MILLION INHABITANTS LIVING AND WORKING HERE. • https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/renovated-kashmere-gate-isbt-inaugurated/articleshow/19834254.cms?from=mdr • http://health.delhigovt.nic.in/wps/wcm/connect/doit_dtidc/DTIDC/Home/Maharana+Pratap+ISBT+Kashmere+Gate#:~:text=Salient%20Features%3A&text=Provision%20of%20escala tors%20and%20elevators,taxi%20and%20two%20wheeler%20parking. SOURCE: SO DELHI , The History Behind Delhi’s Famous Kashmiri Gate | So Delhi ,accessed on 19-05-2021. WEST FAÇADE OF ISBT KASHMERE GATE THE MAHARANA PRATAP INTER-STATE BUS TERMINUS POPULARLY KNOWN AS KASHMERE GATE ISBT, LOCATED IN DELHI. NTS INFLUENCED ZONE IT OPERATES BUS SERVICES BETWEEN EIGHT OTHER STATES DELHI ,HARYANA,JAMMU & KASHMIR,PUNJAB,HIMACHAL PRADESH,UTTAR PRADESH,RAJASTHAN ,UTTARAKHAND 1976 2013 2011-2012 ISBT KASHMERE GATE INAUGURATION OF NEW ISBT WITH CBT NEW ISBT CONSTRCTION PERIOD ONLY ISBT INDIA SOURCE: GOOGLE MAPS DELHI SOURCE: GOOGLE MAPS MAHARANA PRATAP ISBT/ISBT KASHMERE GATE,DELHI SOURCE: GOOGLE EARTH PRO MOST VISITED TOURIST PLACES DELHI SOURCE: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Top-A-hand-authored-digitized-tourist- map-of-Delhi-India-Bottom-A-tourist-map_fig1_221571675 SOURCE: ARCHITECT-MR.RAJENDRA KUMAR DATE
- 4. MAHARANA PRATAP ISBT, II I I I I I I I 3B N.KEERTHI MAJOR CONNECTIVITY AND ROAD LINKAGES PROPOSED BRT METRO PH -3 EXISTING METRO LINE PROPOSED RRTS METRO CONNECTIVITY ➢ THYE KASHMERE GATE STATION OF THE DELHI METRO LIES ON BOTH THE RED AND YELLOW LINES. ➢ IT IS THE TRANSFER STATION BETWEEN THE RED LINE ON THE HISHEST UPPER LEVEL AND THE YELLOW LINE ON THE LOWEST LEVEL . INDIRA GANDHI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ACCESSIBILITY • ISBT KASHMERE GATE • INDIRA GANDHI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT DELHI 22.5 KM FROM ISBT KASMERE GATE • OLD RAILWAY STATIOPN MORI GATE 2.1 KM FROM ISBT KASHMERE GATE BUS TERMINAL SURROUNDINGS ➢ NORTH SIDE ➢ WEST SIDE ➢ SOUTH SIDE ➢ EAST SIDE FLYOVER 20M WIDE ROAD 20M WIDE KASHMERE GATE METRO STATION RING ROAD 30M WIDE N LANDMARKS KASHMERE GATE IS LOCATED IN NORTH DELHI AND ITS LAND MARKS ARE : • THE RED FORT • OLD DELHI RAILWAY STATION SITE CONTEXT 500M PARKS HOSPITALS RELIGION BUILDINGS BANKS METRO STATION ATMS WATER BODIES RESIDENTIAL AREA COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS LEGEND ASIAN HIGH WAY ARTERIAL ROAD COLLECTOR ROAD FACTORS EFFECTING BUS TERMINAL • MANY RELIGION BUILDINGS ARE LOCATED AROUND THE BUS TERMINAL WHICH RESULTS IN MORE PEOPLE GATHERING AND MAKES CIRCULATION HARD. • IT IS LOCATED AT THE INTERSECTION OF NH-24,NH-28, WHICH MAKES THE TERMINUS EAISER TO APPROACH BY ROAD. • DUE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLYOVER TO SHAHDARA,THE ACCESS HAS BECOME EASY WITH REDUCED TRAFFIC JAMS. • HIGH CRIME RATE CAN BE SEEN IN THE NIGHT TIMES IN KASHMERE GATE REGION DUE TO LESS SECURITY. • LESS CHANCES FOR ACCIDENTS AROUND BUS TERMINAL BEACUASE OF GOOD CONDITION OF ROADS. https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/25-dark-and-dangerous-spots-in-delhi-1545683-2019-06-10 https://foursquare.com/v/isbt-kashmere-gate/4cd2af144aa9f04d3b8058cb/photos METRO CONNECTIVITY TO ISBT KASHMERE GATE SOURCE:GOOGLE IMAGE LOCATION OF DIFFERENT TRANSPORT MODES SOURCE:GOOGLE MAPS SITE PLAN SOURCE:GOOGLE EARTH PRO SITE CONTEXT WITH 500M DISTANCE FROM SITE SOURCE:GOOGLE EARTH PRO NIGHT TIME PHOTOGRAPHS OF ISBT KASHMERE GATE SOURCE :https://www.tripoto.com/places-to-visit/in-new-delhi/isbt-kasmiri-gate MEANS OF EGRESS ILLUMINATION SHALL BE A MINIMUM OF 10.8 LUX AT THE FLOOR LEVEL THROUGHOUT THE MEANS OF EGRESS (INCLUDING THE EXIT DISCHARGE) AT ALL TIMES THE BUILDING IS OCCUPIED. DATE
- 5. MAHARANA PRATAP ISBT, II I I I I I I I 3C N.KEERTHI EXISTING SITE INFRASTRUCTURE N LEGEND ARRIVAL BLOCK DEPARTURE BLOCK LINK BLOCK CBT TAXI STAND METRO STATION NODES ENTRY EXIT NODES 1 NORTH WEST SIDE 2 SOUTH SIDE 3 SOUTH WEST 4 NORTH EAST SIDE CIRCULATION • AN EFFICIENT CIRCULATION PATTERN IS FOLLOWED IN THE ISBT.THERE IS SEGREGATIONIN CIRCULATION OF BUSES AND NON-BUS(OTHER LIGHT VEHICLES) LESS TRAFFIC DUE TO THE DIFFERENCE IN MOVEMENT CHARACTER • THERE IS A SEPARATE ENTRY AND EXIT POINTS FOR INTER-CITY AND INTRA-CITY BUS SERVICES • THERE IS A PROPER SEGREGATION FOR VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT. SITE TOPOGRAPHY • THE FIGURES OF SITE MAP AND SECTION WITH 250 M CONTEXT ARE TAKEN FROM THE GOOGLE EARTH PRO TO UNDERSTAND THE EXISTING SITE TOPOGRAPHY • THE EXISTING SITE CORDINATES ARE 28.669161016361247, 77.22974470183551 • THE TOPOGRAPHY VARY AT THE 480M REGION WITH 210 M HEIGHT IN THE SITE. • ENTRANCE PORCH WAS LOCATED AT THAT HIGH TOPOGRAPHIC REGION. • THERE IS NO ANY IMPACT ON DESIGN DUE TO CONTOUR. CLIMATE AND THE SITE N EXACT SITE LOCATION NEAR, YUDHISTER SETU, KASHMERE GATE, OLD DELHI, DELHI 110006 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF DELHI • THE CLIMATE OF DELHI IS AN OVERLAP BETWEEN MONSOON-INFLUENCED HUMID SUBTROPICAL AND SEMI-ARID , WITH HIGH VARIATION BETWEEN SUMMER AND WINTER TEMPERATURES AND PRECIPITATION. • SO DELHI FALLS UNDER COMPOSITE CLIMATE. CHARACTARISTICS OF COMPOSITE CLIMATE • RECEIVES STRONG WINDS DURING MONSOONS FROM THE SOUTH-EAST AND DRY COLD WINDS FROM THE NORTH-EAST. • IN SUMMER,THE WINDS ARE HOT AND DUSTY • THE SKY IS OVERCAST AND DULL IN THE MONSOON,CLEAR IN WINTER AND FREQUENTLY HAZY IN SUMMER. • THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY IS ABOUT 20-25% IN DRY PERIODS AND 55-95% IN WET PERIODS. TOO COOL TOO HOT CLIMATIC ANALYSIS N N • ARRIVAL BLOCK IS ORIENTED TOWARDS SOUTH-WEST DIRECTION. • DEPARTURE BLOCK IS ORIENTED TOWARDS NORTH-EAST DIRECTION. • THERE IS A GOOD IMPACT ON THE BUILT-UP FORM BECAUSE OF THE YAMUNA RIVER BESIDE THE SITE. ISBT KASHMERE GATE EXISTING SITE PLAN SOURCE:PDF COFFEE.COM VIEWS OF ISBT FROM NORTH WAST NODE SOURCE: GOOGLE EARTH PRO ISBT KSHMERE GATE SITE PLAN SOURCE: GOOGLE EARTH PRO ISBT KASHMERE GATE EXISTING SITE PLAN SOURCE:PDF COFFEE.COM DATE
- 6. MAHARANA PRATAP ISBT, II I I I I I I I 3D N.KEERTHI SITE MASSING LEGEND BUILT UP AREA PARKING ROADS VEGETATION OTHER BUILDINGS SERVICES BUS TERMINAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEPARTRE BLOCK SHOPS POLICE KIOSK RESTAURANTS TOTAL BUILT UP PART DORMITORY DORMITORY DISTRICT FORUM D.P.CC CHILD WELFARE DORMITORY DISTRICT FORUM BUS OPERATOR OFFICE GMISBT DIMTS OFFICE RENTABLE VALUE FOR OFFICE AREAS AREA IN SQM FIRST FLOOR 2890.39 SECOND FLOOR 1652.65 THIRD FLOOR 2639 FOURTH FLOOR 2639 FIFTH FLOOR 3024 SIXTH FLOOR 735 TOTAL 13579.8 COMMON AREAS 1358 TOTAL RENTAL SPACE AVILABLE 12221.67 THE RENTAL RATE IS AT AN AVERAGE OF 35-40/SQFT/MONTH ISBT KASHMERE GATE EXISTING SITE PLAN SOURCE:PDF COFFEE.COM SOURCE:DIMTS PORTAL DEPARTRE BLOCK GROUND FLOOR VIEW OF DEPARTRE BLOCK SOURCE : https://m.facebook.com/HRroadways/photos/a.447319552095385/ 1132123093615024/?type=3&source=57 SOURCE:DIMTS PORTAL DEPARTRE BLOCK FIRST FLOOR SOURCE:DIMTS PORTAL DEPARTRE BLOCK SECOND FLOOR LINK BLOCK ARRIVAL BLOCK RATE OF RENTAL AREAS VIEW OF ARRIVAL BLOCK SOURCE : https://m.facebook.com/HRroadways/photos/a.447319552095385/ 1132123093615024/?type=3&source=57 SOURCE:DIMTS PORTAL ARRIVAL BLOCK GROUND FLOOR SOURCE:DIMTS PORTAL ARRIVAL BLOCK FIRST FLOOR SOURCE:DIMTS PORTAL ARRIVAL BLOCK SECOND FLOOR SOURCE:DIMTS PORTAL ARRIVAL BLOCK THIRD FLOOR SOURCE:DIMTS PORTAL ARRIVAL BLOCK FOURTH FLOOR SOURCE:DIMTS PORTAL ARRIVAL BLOCK FIFTH FLOOR SOURCE:DIMTS PORTAL ARRIVAL BLOCK SIXTH FLOOR DATE
- 7. MAHARANA PRATAP ISBT, II I I I I I I I 3E N.KEERTHI PEDISTRIAN MOVEMENT BUSES CIRCULATION PARKING DETAILS AUTO RICKSHAW-122 TAXI-15 TWO WHEELER-62 CAR-41 PASSENGER AMINITIES NEGATIVE ASPECTS POSITIVE ASPECTS AREA STATEMENT STRUCTURE DETAILS • SIGNAGE PROBLEMS-THE LACK OF PROPER SIGNAGE IS A NOTICEABLE AND NEGATIVE ASPECT OF THIS ISBT. • SAME ENTRANCE FOR STAFF AND VISITORS. • LACK OF PROPER AUTOSTAND. • LACK OF LIGHTING TO WAITING HALL. • NO BUS FINGERS. • CONTINOUS STRETCHED BAYS. • PROVISION OF TICKET COUNTERS AT THE WAITING AREA • THE STAFF AREA AND THE PASSENGER AREA ARE AT DIFFERENT FLOORS • PROVISION OF A WORKSHOP • POLICE CONTROL ROOM • THE LOCAL BUSES COMING FROM THE WESTERN SIDE OF THE BUS STAND COME ENTER AND EXIT FROM THE SAME SIDE. • RAMPS PROVIDED FOR DISABLE FRIENDLY DESIGN • DIFFERENT CIRCULATION SPACES FOR DIFFERENT TYPE OF VEHICLES • AIR CONDITIONED WAITING HALLS • GLASS ELEVATORS • ESCULATORS • RESTAURANT • HIGH SPEED WIFI • LCD SCREENS • CCTV SUVELIANCE • PARKING • INFORMATION OFFICES • RO PLANT • SEWEGE TREATMENT PLAN LINK BLOCK • IT IS A CONNECTING BLOCK BETWEEN ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE BLOCK AT FIRST FLOOR LEVEL. • THIS BLOCK WAS DESIGNED FOR TICKET BOOTHS FOR EACH PARKING BERTH • SMALL ENQUIRY OFFICES OF DIFFEENT STATE TOURISM AND SMALL SECURITY CELL ARE PROVIDED IN THE CENTRE AROUND A LARGE DIA • THIS BLOCK A LARGE WAITING AREA TO FACILITATE PASSENGER. • THE WAITING AREA IN THE LINK BLOCK IS NOT USED AS MUCH BECAUSE PASSENGER HAVE TENDENCY TO WAIT NEAR THE DEPARTURE PLATFORM OF THE BUS. • DRINKING WATER TAPS AND WATER COOLERS • SEPARATE PUBLIC TOILETS OF GENTS AND LADIES • AVAILABILITY OF FIRST AID SERVICES 24/7 • UTILITIES LIKE LOCAL POST OFFICE, BANK AND POLICE POST • WELL-EQUIPPED PLATFORMS WITH CHAIRS, LIGHTS AND FANS WITH AUTOMATED SYSTEMS • LUGGAGE PORTERS, PHONE FACILITIES, CLOAK ROOM, PARKING FACILITIES CARS, TAXI AND TWO WHEELERS • SEVERAL TICKER COUNTERS FOR THE CONVENIENCE OF PASSENGERS • ACCOMMODATION FACILITIES • PUBLIC ADDRESSES ARRANGEMENT • SHOPS AND FOOD JOINTS SELLING WATER BOTTLES, TEA, COFFEE, JUICE, COMESTIBLES, NEWSPAPERS AND MANY MORE https://www.delhionline.in/city-guide/isbt-kashmiri-gate THERMAL COMFORT AND DAY LIGHTING • THE ENTIRE BILDING IS QUITE COOL IN THE SUMMER BECAUSE IT IS HEAVILY LOUVERED ON ALL SIDES WHICH PREVENT THE DIRECT SUNLIGHT. • THE MASSIVE ROOFLIGHTS OVER THE DEPARTURE AREA AID IN NATURAL LIGHTING. • THE PLANTS INSIDE THE BUILDING REDUCES THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE OF THE BUILDING AND MAINTAIN THERMAL COMFORT. • WINDOWS BETWEEN THE INCLINED WALLS MAKES LESS CHANCES FOR HEAT ENTER THE BUILDING SPACES AREAS SITE AREA 13.12 ACRES TOTAL BUILT-UP AREA 7.72 ACRES AREA OF ARRIVAL BLOCK 3.65 ACRES AREA OF DEPARTURE BLOCK 2.3 ACRES AREA OF LINK BLOCK 1.24 ACRES AREA OF ONE FLOOR 2.19 ACRES AREA FOR TOILETS,URINALS 0.38 ACRES AREA FOR TICKET COUNTER 5SQM BUS BAYS PROVIDED IDLE PARKING - 22 ALIGHTING -11 ACTIVE -43 PASSENGER AMINITIES WATER POINTS-75 NOS PUBLIC ADDRESS-1 POLICE POST-1 CLOAK ROOM-1 ENQUIRY AND BOOTH -2 LADIES TOILETS-64 GENTS TOILETS-74 DELUXE TOILETS-3 GENTS,2 LADIES WATER COOLERS-10 DIESEL GENERATOR SET-2 SERVICES SOURCE :https://www.tripoto.com/places-to-visit/in-new- delhi/isbt-kasmiri-gate SOURCE :https://www.tripoto.com/places-to-visit/in- new-delhi/isbt-kasmiri-gate PEDISTRIAN CIRCULATION IN ISBT KASMERE GATE SOURCE:PDF COFFEE.COM BUSES CIRCULATION IN ISBT KASMERE GATE SOURCE:PDF COFFEE.COM INTER STATE BUSES CITY BUSES OTHER VEHICLES DAY LIGHTING INSIDE THE BUILDING SOURCE:PDF COFFEE.COM TICKET COUNTERS CERAMIC TILE FLOORING STEEL COLUMNS STEEL AND RCC COLUMNS COFFERED SLAB BUS BAYS 55 BUS BAYS WITH 18 BUS BAYS AT ARRIVAL BLOCK AND 37 BUS BAYS AT DEPARTURE BLOCK DATE
- 8. MAHARANA PRATAP ISBT, II I I I I I I I 4A N.KEERTHI S.NO CONSIDERABLE DATA FROM PRIMARY STUDY FROM SECONDARY STUDY AS PER GUIDELINES PARAMETER 1 - PANDIT NEHRU BUS TERMINAL VIJAYAWADA MAHARANA PRATAP ISBT DELHI ISBT TYPOLOGY 2. PROVIDED DESIGN SHOULD BE WITH MEDIUM CAPACITY ,MORE THAN 60 BUSES PER HOUR MEDIUM BUS TERMINAL WITH 183 BUSES PER HOUR MEDIUM BUS TERMINAL WITH 83 BUSES PER HOUR BASED ON FLOW OF BUSES PER HOUR TERMINAL SIZE 3. 18.64 ACRES 28 ACRES,18.64 ACRES ISBT 13.12 ACRES,12 ACRES ISBT - SITE AREA 4. SEGREGATED BUS TERMINAL BLOCKS LEADS TO LESS CONJUSTION ,SO SEGREGATED BLOCKS ARE GOOD SEGREGATED ACOORDING TO FUNCTION AND CONNECTED WITH A LINK BLOCK SEGREGATED ACCORDING TO FUNCTION AND CONNECTED WITH A LINK BLOCK - FORM DEPARTRE BLOCK LINK BLOCK ARRIVAL BLOCK ARRIVAL BLOCK DEPARTRE BLOCK LINK BLOCK 5. FOR MEDIUM TYPE OF ISBT FIXED BAYS ARE PREFERRED FIXED BAY ALLOCATION FIXED BAY ALLOCATION BASED ON TERMINAL TERMINAL OPERATIONS 6. BASED ON FUTURE DEMAND NEEDED CAPACITY IS: IDLE-105 LOADING-63 UNLOADING-11 SEGREGATED BAY ALLOCATIONS CAPACITY IDLE-105 OF 105 LOADING-46 0F 63 UNLOADING-15 OF 11 SEGREGATED BAYS IDLE-22 LOADING-43 UNLOADING-11 SEGREGATED BAY ALLOCATIONS BUS BAY ALLOCATIONS 7. 1.5 LAKH PEOPLE 1.5 LAKH PEOPLE 1.2 LAKH PEOPLE ACCORDING TO THE DAILY FOOT FALL EXISTING CAPACITY 8. ANGULAR BAYS WITH 30,45,60 ARE PREFFERED PERPENDICULAR ,ANGULAR 60° 24SQM, ANGULAR WITH 60° ANGULAR BUS BOARDING BAY ARRANGEMENTS 9. ENQUIRY COUNTER-1 RESERVATION COUNTERS -4 TOILETS- 20 LADIES,20 GENTS PAY PHONES -10 RO PURIFIED WATER-1 MINI THEATRE-4364 SQM,4 SCREENS PLASMA TV SCREENS IN CORRIDORS-6 TICKETING AND QUEUING-22 SQM/100 PAX CLOAK ROOM-25 SQM/100 PAX EATERIES-1784 SQM DORMITOIES-1193 SQM PASSENGER AMINITIES DORMITORIES-2 UNITS 50 SQM TICKET BOOTH-10 UNITS 5 SQM TOILETS-14 UNITS 18 SQM TELE BOOTH-5 UNITS 7 SQM WAITING HALL- 1 UNIT 50 SQM KIOSK-12 UNIT 7.5 SQM DRINKING WATER- 16 UNIT 5 SQM ENQUIRY- 1 UNIT 20 SQM BOOK STALL- BANK- 2 UNIT 25 SQM POST OFFICE – 1 UNIT 15 SQM POLICE POST- 1 UNIT 25 SQM COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS PASSENGER PLATFORMS TO BOARD AND ALIGHT (WITH RAMPS FOR DISABLED & ELDERLY) TICKETING FACILITIES WAITING LOUNGES REST HOUSES/ ROOMS BAGGAGE STORAGE FACILITIES COMMERCIAL: BASIC SHOPPING AND RETAIL FACILITIES UTILITIES, SERVICES AND AMENITIES (INCLUDING PUBLIC TOILETS, ATM, DRINKING WATER ETC.) INFORMATION SYSTEM SHELTER FROM WEATHER COMMUNICATION AND POSTAL FACILITIES EATING PLACES DATE
- 9. MAHARANA PRATAP ISBT, II I I I I I I I 4B N.KEERTHI S.NO CONSIDERABLE DATA FROM PRIMARY STUDY FROM SECONDARY STUDY AS PER GUIDELINES PARAMETER 10. RESTING ROOMS WASH ROOMS DRINKING WATER STORAGE SEGREGATED ACOORDING TO FUNCTION AND CONNECTED WITH A LINK BLOCK ADMINSTRATIVE OFFICE- 1 UNIT 25 SQM ACCOUNTS OFFICE – 1 UNIT 25 SQM IN-CHARGE ROOM – 1 UNIT 15 SQM MANAGER ROOM – 1 UNIT 15 SQM BUS STAFF AMINITIES DRINKING WATER (1.1SQ.M/FIXTURE, 1/100PAX ) - 103.95 SQ.M /95 FIXTURES TOILETS RESTING ROOMS (2 SQ.M/PERSON) - (50 - 60 PERSONS) -120.0SQ.M DORMETERIES (ESTIMATED PEAK HOUR PASSENGER FLOW - 9450) - 1193.0SQ.M CANTEEN(2 SQ.M/PERSON) - ( COMMON FOR TERIMINAL AND BUS STAFF) 11. REVENUE OFFICE SECURITY AND INFORMATION TICKETING BOOTH RESTING ROOM DRINKING WATER AND TOILETS CANTTEEN LOCKERS CANTEEN LODGE RESTING AREAS CONFERENCE HALL AND OFFICE SPACES -500 SQM WITH 4 UNITS. PARKING- ADMINSTRATIVE OFFICE- 1 UNIT 25 SQM ACCOUNTS OFFICE – 1 UNIT 25 SQM IN-CHARGE ROOM – 1 UNIT 15 SQM MANAGER ROOM – 1 UNIT 15 SQM TERMINAL STAFF AMINITIES WATER (1.1SQ.M/FIXTURE, 1/100PAX ) – 103 SQM /95 FIXURES TOILETS - TERMINAL OFFICE -( DEPOT MANAGER - 12 MEM. - 10 SQ.M/PERSON - 1200 SQ.M- PRO.) TERMINAL OFFICE - (DEPOT STAFF - 300 MEM. -10 SQ.M/PERSON - 1000 SQ.M - PRO.) REVENUE OFFICE (10 SQ.M/PERSON)- ( EARNING SECTION) RESTING ROOMS (2 SQ.M/PERSON) - (DEPOT STAFF - 300 MEM (3SHIFTS) CANTEEN(2 SQ.M/PERSON) - 300 MEM. ( 3 SHIFTS) 200. SQ.M (100 PERSONS) 12. 60,000 SQM 100 BUSES IDLE PARKING ,10823 SQM CAR PARKING- 2085 SQM TWO WHEELER PARKING – 2875 SQM AUTO PARKING – 933 SQM DEPENDS ON THE TERMINAL FOOT FALL PARKING AUTO RICKSHAW-122 CAR PARKING- 41 BIKE PARKING- 62 TAXI- 15 13. - PROVIDED I DEPARTURE BLOCK TO GET GOOD LEVEL OF DAY LIGHTING PROVIDED AT ATRIUM TO HAVE GOOD ILLUMINATION SKYLIGHT TO ACHIEVE MORE DAYA LIGHTING NATURALLY 14. - 100 BUSES IDLE PARKING ,10823 SQM CAR PARKING- 2085 SQM TWO WHEELER PARKING – 2875 SQM AUTO PARKING – 933 SQM DEPENDS ON THE TERMINAL FOOT FALL PARKING AUTO RICKSHAW-122 CAR PARKING- 41 BIKE PARKING- 62 TAXI- 15 15. RO WATER PLANT ELECTRICAL DISPLY BOARDS FUEL FILLING STATION SOLAR PANELS DEPENDS ON THE TERMINAL SERVICES AIR CONDITIONED WAITING HALLS GLASS ELEVATORS,PUMP HOUSE RESTAURANT,WIFI RO PLANT,LCD SCREENS SEWEGE TREATMENT PLAN 16. MORE P/A RATIO SHADING DEVICES SKYLIGHT FOR DAY LIGHTING VEGETATION WINDOW SHELVES MORE PERIMETER TO AREA RATIO LEADS TO A BIT THERMAL COMFORT BASED ON THE LOCATION AND BUILDING MATERIAL OR CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE THERMAL COMFORT ATTAINED BY WINDOWS PROVED TO INCLINED WALLS CUT OFF SSOLAR RADIATION MORE P/A RATIO MORE AIR MOVEMENT AND MORE THERMAL COMFORT REQUIRED SERVICES SEWEGE TRATMENT PLANT FUEL FILLING STATION SOLAR PANELS RO TREATMENT PLANT DATE
- 10. PANDIT NEHRU TERMINAL, IMAJOR DESIGN STUDIO I ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN – V I VI SEM, B. Arch I A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O N C E P T I SUBMITED BY I SIGNATURE I I SHEET NO I 5 N.KEERTHI ARCHITECTURAL PERSPECTIVE • A BUS TERMINAL IS THE POINT WHERE A BUS ROUTE STARTS OR ENDS AND IN GENERAL, THOSE ARE FACILITIES WHICH REPRESENT THE DOOR OF THE CITY AND BRING THE FIRST IMPRESSION TO VISITOR AS A FOCAL POINT AT THE ENTRANCE OF EVERY CITY. • PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO RESEARCH CURRENT CONDITION OF BUS TERMINALS IN PANDIT NEHRU BUS TERMINAL AND PRESENT FINDINGS COMPARED WITH MODERN GLOBAL TRENDS AIMED TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF CURRENT CONDITION, MEET THE STANDARDS, AND FULFIL THE NEEDS OF DIVERSE STAKEHOLDERS. • ANALYSIS COVERS 1 PRIMARY STUDY PANDIT NEHRU BUS TERMINAL,1 DESKTOP STUDY MAHRANA PRATAP ISBT. THE ANALYSIS COVERS MODERN GLOBAL TRENDS IN TERMINALS' DESIGN, INCLUDING GENERAL URBAN, ARCHITECTURAL, AND STRUCTURAL APPROACH IN ANALYSIS. • THE GOAL IS TO SHOW DEPENDENCE OF BUS TERMINALS' OPERABILITY, CONSIDERING FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES INFLUENCED BY ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSION AND STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS, INCLUDING THEIR IMPACT ON CREATING MEMORABLE AND NOTICEABLE LANDMARK IDENTIFIED DEFICIENCIES IN THE EXISTING ISBT THERE ARE SOME IDENTIFIED DEFICIENCIES AND THE TH GOAL IS TO AVOID THOSE DEFICIENCIES • LACK OF FEEDER SERVICE PROVISION AND INTEGRATION • LACK OF FACILITIES FOR PEDESTRAIN CIRCULATION • LACK OF DIABLE FRIENDLY ELEMENTS • LACK OF SUPPORTING SERVICES LIKE MEDICAL EMERGENCY,TERMINAL POLICE. • IDENTIFIED SHORTFALL IN BOARDING BAYS AND PRIVATE VEHICULAR PARKING. • LACK OF GREENARY PUBLIC SPACES IN TERMINAL AREA ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT-BUS TERMINAL THE OVERALL DESIGN OF THE TERMINAL SHOULD TRACE THE CIRCULATION OF THE PASSENGERS FROM ARRIVAL TO DEPARTURE ENSURING THAT EACH JUNCTURE REQUIRED IN THE MOVEMENT OF THE PASSENGER IS AS SEAMLESS AS POSSIBLE. THE BUS STAND/ TERMINAL SHALL BE VISUALLY APPEALING; OPEN, SPACIOUS,WELL-LIT AND CONSISTENT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT. THE SPACE AND FACILITIES HERE SHALL SATISFY FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN THE PEAK HOUR FOR THE TARGET YEAR UNDER ALL OPERATING CONDITIONS. CONCEPT THERMAL COMFORT DIABLE FRIENDLY CLIMATE RESPONSIVE GOOD PEDESTRAIN CIRCUL;ATION VEHICULAR CIRCULATION REPRESENT REGIONAL HISTORY BASED ON THE IDENTIFIED DEFICIENCIES IN THE EXISTING BUS TERMINAL AND SOME OTHER PARAMETERS MAKING THESE AS THE MAJOR ASPECTS OF THE CONCEPT TO DESIGN THE ISBT IN THE PROPOSED SITE. PRINCIPLES OF TERMINAL PLANNING AND DESIGN TO DESIGN A BUS TERMINAL WITH GOOD FUNCTION AND OPERATION SOME OF THE PRINCIPLES TO FOLLOW ARE 1.ACCESS AND APPROACH • ACCESS TO THE TERMINAL SHOULD BE CONVENIENT, BARRIER FREE AND FACILITATE STREAMLINED INTERNAL CIRCULATION. • TO MAKE THE CIRUCULATION AND APPROACH TO THE TERMINAL EASY, SEGREGATED ENTY EXIT FOR DIFFERENT VEHICLES AND PEDESTRAINS WILL WORKS BETTER. BUILT- UP ZONE ENTRY EXIT NODE N 2.OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS • IN THE PROPOSED ISBT DYMANIC BAY ALLOCATIPONS ARE USING TO REDUCE THE LAND COVERAGE,BAYS CAN BE MANAGED BY PROPER SCHEDULE OF BUSES ENTERING INTO TERMINAL AND EXISTING FROM TERMINAL. • 45 DEGREE ANGLED BUS BAYS ARE PREFEREBLE BECAUSE IT REQUIRES SHORTER CRB LENGTH. • WHEN IT COMES TO FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES THE REQUIRED BAY CAPACITY IS S.NO BAYS PRESENT CAPACITY PRESENT DEMAND 1. LOADING 46 63 2. UNLOADING 15 11 3. IDLE 105 105 PROPOSED SITE PLAN FOR ISBT ANGULAR BUS BAY ARRANGEMENT 3.EXISTING CAPACITY AND FUTURE DEMAND 4.INTEGRATING MULTI-MODAL ACCESSIBILITY AND FEEDER INFRASTRUCTURE 5.INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES • TO DECREASE THE CARBON FOOT PRINT IN THE PROPOSED ISBT GREEN BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES CAN BE USED LIKE • ICLUDING SOLAR ENERGY • LED LIGHTS • SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT • WASTE WATER RECYCLING • RAIN WATER HARVESTING 6.STATISTICAL DATA RELATED TO FSI,GROUNG COVERAGE EXISTING BUS TERMINAL CAN ACCOMMODATE THESE FOLLOWING NUMBER OF BUSES WITH THREE DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES LOADING,UNLOADING AND IDLE BUS PARKING. • INTEGRATING PROVISIONS FOR FEEDER MODES LIKE CYCLE RICKSHAWS, AUTO RICKSHAWS, PRIVATE VEHICLES ETC. IN THE FACILITY DESIGN, ENSURES IMPROVED ACCESSIBILITY AND CONFLICT FREE CIRCULATION. • PLANNED ALLOCATION OF SPACE FOR SUCH MODES HELPS REDUCE DELAYS, AND IMPROVES LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR PASSENGERS., IN ORDER TO CREATE THE IMPRESSION THAT THE JOURNEY IS CONTINUOUS. AS PER PLANNING AND BUILDING STANDARDS REGULATIONS, 2008 (UPDATED 2017) I. AS PER CLAUSE 34 (3) “ IN CASE OF TRANSPORT RELATED ACTIVITIES SUCH AS; RAILWAY YARDS,RAILWAY STATION, BUS STANDS, BUS SHELTERS, TRANSPORT DEPOT, AIRPORT, SPECIAL WARE HOUSING, CARGO TERMINALS, THE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE FAR SHALL BE 1.00 II. HEIGHT AS PER THE RESTRICTION SHALL BE 27M AS IT IS ABOUT 1.5 KM FROM THE NEAREST RUNWAY END. MULTIMODFAL FEEDER SERVICE DATE