Radar signal processing techniques allow radar systems to measure key target attributes like range, speed, and direction. Transit time and frequency modulation methods are used to calculate target range. Doppler effect and change in distance over time allow measurement of target speed. Signal processing reduces interference to extract target information from clutter. Hardware implementations of fast Fourier transforms pipeline the processing.

1. RADAR SIGNAL
PROCESSING
PRESENTED BY:
S.M. Khalid Morsalin
2016-2-55-025
Minhadul Islam
2016-2-55-026
Rabbi Miah
2016-2-55-029
Md Sadil Soyeb Khan
2016-2-55-006

2. RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging) is
a way to detect and study far off targets
by transmitting a radio pulse in the
direction of the target and observing
the reflection of the wave.

3. Radar observables:
• Target range
• Target angles (azimuth & elevation)
• Target size (radar cross section)
• Target speed (Doppler)
Transmitted
Pulse
Target
Cross
Section
Propagation
Reflected
Pulse
(“echo”)

4. a) Distance Measurement
1.transit time
2. frequency modulation
b) Speed measurement
c) Reduction of interference effects
d) Plot and trackextraction

5. to get to
 Transit time:
1.The round trip time for the radar pulse the
target and return is measured.
2.The distance is proportional to this time.
3.The distance is one half the product of the round trip
time and the speed of the signal.

6. Target
c
• Target range = 2
where c = speed oflight
 = round trip ti me

7. Another form of distance measuring radar is based on
frequency modulation.
Frequency comparison between two signals is
considerably more accurate, even with older
electronics, than timing the signal.
 B y measuring the frequency of the returned signal and
comparing that with the original, the difference can be
easily measured.

8. Speed is the change in distance to an object with
respect to time.
 Thus the existing system for measuring distance,
combined with a memory capacity to see where
the target last was, is enough to measure speed.
There is another effect that can be used to make
almost instant speed measurements known as the
Doppler effect.

9. Signal processing is employed in radar systems to
reduce the radar interferenceeffects.
Signal processing technique include MTI, pulse
Doppler, constant false alarm rate and digital
terrain model(DTM) are also used in clutter
environments.

10.  In this system, FFTs are pipelined and both
the forward and reverse radix-r FFTs are
implemented in hardware. Initial recording of
the data is done using input buffer (IB)
memory and it takes ‘N/r’ clock pulses to
read N data points and ‘r’ input rails. The
amount of time ‘N/r’ is called as one epoch.

11.  T h e Doppler effect is a frequency shift that results
from relative motion between a frequency source and
a listener.
 T h e Doppler shift is directly proportional to speed
between source and listener, frequency of the source,
and the speed the wave travels.

13.  T h e signal processor is that part of the system
which separates targets from clutter on the basis of
Doppler content and amplitude characteristics.
 I n modern radar sets the conversion of radar
signalsto digital form is typically accomplished after
IF amplification and phase sensitivedetection.

14. Military application
Navigational radars
Radar altimeters
A i r trafficcontrol
L a w enforcement and highway safety

15.  RADAR IS FOUND ON SHIPS & BOATS FOR
COLLISION AVOIDANCE & TO OBSERVE
NAVIGATION BUOYS, WHEN THE
VISIBILITY IS POOR
 SHORE BASED RADARS ARE USED FOR
SURVEILLANCE OF HARBOURS & RIVER
TRAFFIC

16.  IMPORTANT PART OF AIR DEFENCE SYSTEM,OPERATION
OF OFFENSIVE MISSILES & OTHER WEAPONS
 TARGET DETECTION, TARGET TRACKING & WEAPON
CONTROL
 TRACKS THE TARGETS, DIRECTS THE WEAPON TO AN
INTERCEPT AND ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
ENGAGEMENT
 ALSO USED IN AREA, GROUND & AIR SURVEILLANCE.

17.  USED TO SAFELY CONTROL AIR TRAFFIC IN
THE VICINITY OF THE AIRPORTS AND
ENROUTE
 GROUND VEHICULAR TRAFFIC &
AIRCRAFT TAXING
 MAPPING OF REGIONS OF RAIN IN THE
VICINITY OF AIRPORTS & WEATHER