Study of sliding wear rate of hot rolled steel specimen subjected to Zirconia...IJERA Editor
Wear is nothing but loss of material by usage. In a mechanical industry mechanical components will operate
under severe load, temperature and high speeds. Under such a type of situation, when metal to metal contact take
place the surfaces that comes in contact is subjected to wear. These should be considered as a serious affair in an
industry because if the process of wear continues it can reduce service life of the component and also to the
entire mechanical system to which the component has been used. In the light of the above the present work
mainly deals with the study of wear behavior of hot rolled steel with and without zirconia coating on the contact
surface and the effect of zirconia coating with varying thickness.
Study of sliding wear rate of hot rolled steel specimen subjected to Zirconia...IJERA Editor
Wear is nothing but loss of material by usage. In a mechanical industry mechanical components will operate
under severe load, temperature and high speeds. Under such a type of situation, when metal to metal contact take
place the surfaces that comes in contact is subjected to wear. These should be considered as a serious affair in an
industry because if the process of wear continues it can reduce service life of the component and also to the
entire mechanical system to which the component has been used. In the light of the above the present work
mainly deals with the study of wear behavior of hot rolled steel with and without zirconia coating on the contact
surface and the effect of zirconia coating with varying thickness.
A Review Tribological analysis of Cast Iron by Advanced Coatingijtsrd
In our engineering system, friction, wear and tribology are not phenomena that most peoples are considering on daily basis. Wear tribological process occurs when two surfaces are in contact and both one are moving relative to each other. The cast iron is widely used in industrial sector. It have high rate of friction. To reduce the friction the various types of coating is analyzed as well as with lubrication the rate of wear decreases. Prof. Matin A. Shaikh | Prof. Ajij A. Shaikh | Prof. Mrs. G. V. Patil ""A Review: Tribological analysis of Cast Iron by Advanced Coating"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29871.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29871/a-review-tribological-analysis-of-cast-iron-by-advanced-coating/prof-matin-a-shaikh
Casting Defects Analysis in Foundry and Their Remedial Measures with Industri...AVINASH JURIANI
In this current scenario of globalization, foundries play a key role for manufacturing industries as they are the major source of castings. As a key industry a foundry's performance should be effectively high in terms of production with minimum number of rejections. Castings are the major inputs for most industrial products hence foundry industry is most indispensable. Casting is an integrated process considered as an artwork with experienced professionals for high quality yield, even then in highly controlled environment defects are dominant to take place leading to rejections, contrary to rejections a foundry's key attempt is to satisfy the demands neglecting quality levels.
Cost Reduction In Heat Treatment, Hot Rolling and Hot Forging by the use of P...Srikar Shenoy
This presentation outlines an innovative concept to reduce cost in heat treatment, hot rolling and hot forging. Industrial case studies and photos are included.
Surface Processing Operation includes material surface cleaning and surface treating processes which is physically and/or chemically to alter surface texture, Mechanical properties, Physical properties, Chemical Properties etc, to have a better material.
Experimental Study on Surface Roughness by Using Abrasive ParticlesIJERA Editor
New advancement of technology and never satisfying demands of the civilization are putting huge pressure on the natural fuel resources and these resources are at a constant threat to its sustainability. Surface finish has a vital influence on functional properties such as wear resistance and power loss due to friction on most of the engineering components. Voltage, mesh number, revolutions per minute (rpm) of electromagnet, and percentage weight of abrasives has been identified as important process parameters affecting surface roughness. The experiments were planned using response surface methodology and percentage change in surface roughness (ΔRa) was considered as response. Analysis of experimental data showed that percentage change in surface roughness (ΔRa) was highly influenced by mesh number followed by percentage weight of abrasives, rpm of electromagnet, and voltage. The process has been investigated extensively in the finishing of cylindrical surfaces. The surface finish was found to improve significantly with an increase in the grain size, relative size of abrasive particles vis-à-vis the iron particles, feed rate and current. Super finishing is a micro-finishing process that produces a controlled and smooth surface condition on work pieces. It is not primarily a sizing operation, its major purpose is to produce a surface on a work piece capable of sustaining uneven distribution of a load by improving the geometrical accuracy. The wear life of the parts micro finished to maximum smoothness is extended considerably. According to the design of experimentation, mathematical model for Lapping operation on advance ceramic material is proposed. In order to get minimum values of the surface roughness, optimization of the mathematical model is done and optimal operation of the examined factors is going to be determined. The obtained res
A review on advanced ceramic processing techniquesAlokjyoti Dash
This Presentation enlists and describes most ceramic process and most parameters which affect these ceramic processing. A reader shall understand the basic of these presented process to fabricate unique ceramic materials
Overview on Thermal Barrier Coatings Application and DevelopmentIJRES Journal
This paper mainly summary the application and development of thermal barrier coatings (TBC) in last decades. TBCs have been widely used in automotive, gas turbine, solid oxide fuel cell and other fields. It can protect substrate materials from high temperature oxidation and corrosion meanwhile increasing lifetime of parts and improving the work efficiency. At last, the development trend of TBC was referred on the TBCs materials and structures.
Waste Minimization and Cost Reduction in Process Industriesijsrd.com
The complete process of iron angles processing; machining and coating by Kalpataru Power Transmission Ltd. has been studied in detail. The different phases of production of the iron/steel angles include automation, CNC machines, Robo arms, overhead cranes and other mechanical equipments. After the straightening, shearing, punching, stamping, heating & bending operations are performed upon the different sections; each set of parts follow a sequence of processes. Once the sections are done with the machining processes, they follow the hot dip galvanization process. Surface Fluxing is the primary stage; followed by Steel Galvanizing and finally dichromate quenching. All the sections are arranged in their respective jigs. These structures or frames are handled by the overhead cranes and dipped in various tubs and lifted from them. Initially, the sections perform hot caustic degreasing followed by Hydrochloric acid pickling. Now these sections are rinsed in water and then soaked in a hot pre-flux. Before dipping into the Zinc tub, these sections are dried in the oven so that wet sections do not splash zinc off the tub. After taking out from the zinc tub, it is quenched in warm water. In the final step of this phase, all these sections are submerged into the dichromate solution to emboss a glossy texture. Here, in the whole coating process, it happens that the sections are to be immersed into various liquid tubs. So, when removing them out, many of the sections fail to be retrieved and remain inside the tub. So this decreases the production though negligible but with a feasible solution, it appears to be worth practicing. The objective of the project is to reduce the loss of iron angles and molten zinc during the coating of iron angles before dispatching.
A Review Tribological analysis of Cast Iron by Advanced Coatingijtsrd
In our engineering system, friction, wear and tribology are not phenomena that most peoples are considering on daily basis. Wear tribological process occurs when two surfaces are in contact and both one are moving relative to each other. The cast iron is widely used in industrial sector. It have high rate of friction. To reduce the friction the various types of coating is analyzed as well as with lubrication the rate of wear decreases. Prof. Matin A. Shaikh | Prof. Ajij A. Shaikh | Prof. Mrs. G. V. Patil ""A Review: Tribological analysis of Cast Iron by Advanced Coating"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29871.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29871/a-review-tribological-analysis-of-cast-iron-by-advanced-coating/prof-matin-a-shaikh
Casting Defects Analysis in Foundry and Their Remedial Measures with Industri...AVINASH JURIANI
In this current scenario of globalization, foundries play a key role for manufacturing industries as they are the major source of castings. As a key industry a foundry's performance should be effectively high in terms of production with minimum number of rejections. Castings are the major inputs for most industrial products hence foundry industry is most indispensable. Casting is an integrated process considered as an artwork with experienced professionals for high quality yield, even then in highly controlled environment defects are dominant to take place leading to rejections, contrary to rejections a foundry's key attempt is to satisfy the demands neglecting quality levels.
Cost Reduction In Heat Treatment, Hot Rolling and Hot Forging by the use of P...Srikar Shenoy
This presentation outlines an innovative concept to reduce cost in heat treatment, hot rolling and hot forging. Industrial case studies and photos are included.
Surface Processing Operation includes material surface cleaning and surface treating processes which is physically and/or chemically to alter surface texture, Mechanical properties, Physical properties, Chemical Properties etc, to have a better material.
Experimental Study on Surface Roughness by Using Abrasive ParticlesIJERA Editor
New advancement of technology and never satisfying demands of the civilization are putting huge pressure on the natural fuel resources and these resources are at a constant threat to its sustainability. Surface finish has a vital influence on functional properties such as wear resistance and power loss due to friction on most of the engineering components. Voltage, mesh number, revolutions per minute (rpm) of electromagnet, and percentage weight of abrasives has been identified as important process parameters affecting surface roughness. The experiments were planned using response surface methodology and percentage change in surface roughness (ΔRa) was considered as response. Analysis of experimental data showed that percentage change in surface roughness (ΔRa) was highly influenced by mesh number followed by percentage weight of abrasives, rpm of electromagnet, and voltage. The process has been investigated extensively in the finishing of cylindrical surfaces. The surface finish was found to improve significantly with an increase in the grain size, relative size of abrasive particles vis-à-vis the iron particles, feed rate and current. Super finishing is a micro-finishing process that produces a controlled and smooth surface condition on work pieces. It is not primarily a sizing operation, its major purpose is to produce a surface on a work piece capable of sustaining uneven distribution of a load by improving the geometrical accuracy. The wear life of the parts micro finished to maximum smoothness is extended considerably. According to the design of experimentation, mathematical model for Lapping operation on advance ceramic material is proposed. In order to get minimum values of the surface roughness, optimization of the mathematical model is done and optimal operation of the examined factors is going to be determined. The obtained res
A review on advanced ceramic processing techniquesAlokjyoti Dash
This Presentation enlists and describes most ceramic process and most parameters which affect these ceramic processing. A reader shall understand the basic of these presented process to fabricate unique ceramic materials
Overview on Thermal Barrier Coatings Application and DevelopmentIJRES Journal
This paper mainly summary the application and development of thermal barrier coatings (TBC) in last decades. TBCs have been widely used in automotive, gas turbine, solid oxide fuel cell and other fields. It can protect substrate materials from high temperature oxidation and corrosion meanwhile increasing lifetime of parts and improving the work efficiency. At last, the development trend of TBC was referred on the TBCs materials and structures.
Waste Minimization and Cost Reduction in Process Industriesijsrd.com
The complete process of iron angles processing; machining and coating by Kalpataru Power Transmission Ltd. has been studied in detail. The different phases of production of the iron/steel angles include automation, CNC machines, Robo arms, overhead cranes and other mechanical equipments. After the straightening, shearing, punching, stamping, heating & bending operations are performed upon the different sections; each set of parts follow a sequence of processes. Once the sections are done with the machining processes, they follow the hot dip galvanization process. Surface Fluxing is the primary stage; followed by Steel Galvanizing and finally dichromate quenching. All the sections are arranged in their respective jigs. These structures or frames are handled by the overhead cranes and dipped in various tubs and lifted from them. Initially, the sections perform hot caustic degreasing followed by Hydrochloric acid pickling. Now these sections are rinsed in water and then soaked in a hot pre-flux. Before dipping into the Zinc tub, these sections are dried in the oven so that wet sections do not splash zinc off the tub. After taking out from the zinc tub, it is quenched in warm water. In the final step of this phase, all these sections are submerged into the dichromate solution to emboss a glossy texture. Here, in the whole coating process, it happens that the sections are to be immersed into various liquid tubs. So, when removing them out, many of the sections fail to be retrieved and remain inside the tub. So this decreases the production though negligible but with a feasible solution, it appears to be worth practicing. The objective of the project is to reduce the loss of iron angles and molten zinc during the coating of iron angles before dispatching.
Mobile Saturday. Тема 3. Особенности тестирования приложения на Android: Huma...GoIT
21 ноября GoITClub совместно с Zeo Alliance провели ивент, посвященный тестированию мобильных приложений.
Рассмотрели 2 самых популярных ОС - Andoird и iOS
Блок Android
1. Особенности операционной системы Android - Иван Мурзак (Android developer, Co-Founder&CTO at Capitan Inc.)
2. Особенности тестирования приложения на Android (Specific functional, Performance, Device park selection) - Михаил Железнов (QC Engineer at SoftServe)
3. Особенности тестирования приложения на Android (Human Interface Guideline, Tools) - Юлия Смирнова (QC Engineer at SoftServe)
4. Автоматизация тестирования верстки - Александр Хотемской (Senior Client Automation QA Enginner at Wargaming)
Блок iOS
1. Особенности операционной системы iOS - Ольга Макаревич (QA Engineer at EPAM)
2. Особенности тестирования приложений на iOS - Александр Буратынский ( Senior QA Analysyt at Global Logic)
3. Тестирование с использованием инструментов xCode - Максим Гонтар (Mobile Developer, Lead Engineer at Global Logic) - презентация отутствуе, было живой показ программы.
Видеозапись мероприятия можно посмотреть на официальном канале GoIT на Youtube
Supercharging Your Investments: Asset LocationPeter Culver
Did you know you can supercharge your investments with a concept called asset location? Check out the method as presented by seasoned wealth advisor Peter Culver!
Synthesis of 3-methoxy-6-phenyl-6, 6a-dihydro-[1] benzopyrano-[3, 4-b] [1] be...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The 3-methoxy-6-phenyl-6,6a-dihydro-[1]benzopyrano-[3,4-b][1]benzopyran has been synthesised according to eight-steps synthesis. The target compound was obtained using a synthetic route based on two key cyclisations steps including the platinum chlorides-catalysed of alkynones and intramolecular oxo-Michael addition.
An Investigation of Practicing Carroll’s Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsi...IOSR Journals
This study has been conducted to explore the present scenario of implementing corporate social responsibility in our garment industry by using Carroll’s (1991) pyramid. Garments sector is one of the most important sectors of industries in our country. Practicing CSR in this industry is very much necessary. This paper aims to investigate that what level of CSR activities are practiced by our garment industry. This study also identifies to what extend Carroll’s (1991) pyramid is understood by the corporate body of our garment industry. In this regard, we take interviews of 50 garments workers and top executives from the areas of Savar, Gazipur, Ashulia and Tongi. At the end of the study, we explore the implications of these findings and suggest actions to practice CSR properly in the Bangladesh garment industry.
Levels of PAHs and Potentially Toxic Metals in Three Species of Fresh and Smo...IOSR Journals
Three samples of fish, Scomber japonica (titus), Sardinellaeba (sardine) and Merlucciuspolli (fresh stock fish) were collected from Ojo main market in Lagos. Two low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene and anthracene) were determined using high performance liquid chromatography, (HPLC), after extraction with n-hexane by ultrasonication and clean up using SPE cartridges. Heavy metals were determined in the samples using atomic absorption spectrometer, (Perkin Elmer, Analyst 200) after digestion with aqua regia. The fat content was determined gravimetrically. The unsmoked samples had naphthalene range from 0.0788±0.0078 μg/g in Merlucciuspolli to 0.3845±0.0199 μg/g in Scomber japonica. Anthracene levels ranged from 0.4798± 0.0072 μg/g in unsmoked samples of Merlucciuspolli to 1.2254±0.0071 μg/g in Scomber japonica. The low fat containing specie (Merlucciuspolli) accumulated PAHs over the smoking periods, while a decrease was observed in the high fat containing species (Scomber japonica and Sardinellaeba). The highest concentration of Pb (8.65 μg/g), Cu (9.53 μg/g), Fe (201.80 μg/g) and Zn (122.15 μg/g) in the unsmoked fishes were found in unsmoked Scomber japonica while the highest concentration of Cr (13.68 μg/g) and Ni (5.88 μg/g) in the fishes were found in the unsmoked Merlucciuspolli. Cadmium was not detected in all the samples. The low fat containing specie showed increase in heavy metals over the smoking periods, while the high fat containing species also accumulated these heavy metals at 1 hour smoking period, but a decrease was noted over the 2 hours and 3 hours smoking periods. Smoking has effect on the level of these toxicants, as PAHs and heavy metals tend to accumulate on smoking. Smoking appeared to influence toxicants levels the fishes. Levels of the PAHs were higher than the regulatory permissible limits of the World Health Organization. Levels of the toxic metals were within the WHO set permissible limits except for Pb (in unsmoked Scomber japonica), Fe (in Sardinellaeba smoked for 1 and 2 hours, and in Merlucciuspolli smoked for 2 and 3 hours) and Cr (in all the samples).
Industrial Process Management Using LabVIEWIOSR Journals
Nowadays process management is a tedious task in the industry. We plan to propose a LabVIEW
based intelligent multi parameter monitoring system designed using RS232 and Microcontroller aids in the
measurement and control of various Global Parameters. For data collection in the industry is a difficult task in
real time execution of events with industrial process control and automation. We proposed two slaves for
measuring various industrial parameters to monitor and control industrial process. Data acquired from each
slave is processed and sent to Master that compile data received from different slaves and send this information
to the system configured with LabVIEW platform. This enables us to view and track the online changes
encountered in the particular parameter of all the parameters. One of the main advantages of this proposal is, it
allows us to view all the parameter readings simultaneously on the front panel in LabVIEW. The Graph drawn
on the front panel keeps on tracking the changes on the parameter. The parameters supported by this project
includes: current, voltage, temperature, frequency, light intensity, logic switches, water level identifier, and
alarm. This Project can be implemented in any of the process industries where there is a need for Simultaneous
and fast acquiring of data and control
The desired to reach higher efficiencies, lower specific fuel consumption and reduced emission in modern engines has becomes the primary focus of engine researches and manufactures over the past three decades. Ceramic coating is a solution to such problem as they provide good thermal barrier properties for designers. In the design of adiabatic engines, reducing in cylinder heat rejection requires very special thermal barrier coatings on the engine combustion chamber. Partial Thermal barrier coatings (TBC) on the top surface of the piston is considered as a solution for reduction of unburned Hydrocarbon (HC) emission produce by incomplete combustion with respect to crevice volume when engines start. The TBC on the top piston surface decreases the thermal conductivity and increases the unburned charged oxidation, so that the metallic substrates will be exposed to lower peak temperature thereby reducing the thermal stress in engines components. Also thermal barrier coatings on other elements of combustion chamber of internal combustion engine offer advantages including fuel efficiency, multi fuel capacity and high power density. Therefore, thermal barrier coating (TBC) technology is successfully applied to the internal combustion engines, in particular to the combustion chamber.
Investigation on corrosion behaviour of mild steel using al, zn, ni cr coatin...IJLT EMAS
Mild steel is the base material most commonly and
widely used in ship and pipe building material. The purpose of
this project is to analyse the different coating material like
aluminium, zinc and Nichrome using thermal spray process and
to select the suitable coating material for mild steel which resists
corrosion better. The main aim of this research is to analyse the
corrosion of coated mild steel in its first stages, in order to
determine its corrosion rate and to select the suitable coating
material for corrosion resistance of mild steel.
Comparative Analysis of Coated and Non Coated HSS Tool with Zinc, Nickel, and...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Machining is the heart of any manufacturing
process so coating material have been used in the coating of
tool steels. The tool used is high speed steel and are coated
with Zinc, Nickel and Chromium separately. The various
reasons to coat cutting tools are to increase tool life and
improve the surface quality of the product, and to increase
the production rate. The advantage of Zi, Ni, Cr coating
include high hardness, good ductility, excellent lubricity,
high chemical stability and tough resistance to wear,
corrosion and temperature. In this paper, the principle,
advantage and limitation of various Zn, Ni, Cr coating
processes are summarized. This paper involves of machining
hardened steel using Zi, Ni, Cr, coated HSS cutting tool is
studied. This paper discussed about the wear and also
hardness factor after coating compared with conventional
cutting tool(high speed steel).
Hot corrosion performance of HVOF sprayed coatingsHARKULVINDER84
Abstract- Hot corrosion is a serious problem in boilers,
gas turbines, internal combustion engines, and
industrial waste incinerators. It consumes the
materials at an unpredictably rapid rate. The use of
protective coatings has been an answer to remedy the
lack of high temperature surface stability of metals
and alloys in harsh environments. Coating can be
deposited by electric arc spray, physical vapour
deposition, detonation spraying, flame spray, vacuum
plasma spray, low pressure plasma spray, high velocity
oxy fuel by sputtering or by evaporation. High-velocity
oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying is a new and rapidly
developing technology in combating high-temperature
corrosion. HVOF coatings have very low porosity, high
hardness, high abrasive resistance, good wear
resistance with a strong ability to resist high temperature
corrosion resistance. This study is done
with the aim of putting together the performance
capabilities and applications of HVOF process.
Use of cutting fluids in machining processes can reduce the cutting temperature and provides lubrication to tool and work piece. These translate to longer tool life and improved surface quality. Metalworking fluids are a major cause of health hazards for operators apart from being sources of environmental pollution thus necessitating research in dry and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) machining. The introduction of coolant techniques such as near-dry machining so called minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and cryogenic coolant have shown promising performances especially in terms of cutting tool life. Nowadays, MQL is widely used in machining performances.
LaserBond™ achieves a welded or metallurgical bond with minimal, precisely controlled heat input provided by an optimized laser beam. Temperature sensitive components and materials, such as hardened shafts, gears etc, can be repaired with minimal risk of distortion or other undesirable heat effects. The metallurgical bond allows LaserBond™ applied layers to be used in high impact, heavily loaded/stressed situations with no risk of spalling or separation of the overlay. The controlled energy minimizes the undesirable thermal decomposition of hard phases such as carbides, resulting in optimum wear resistance. Due to the extremely low dilution with the substrate, high specification materials can be applied in a thin layer with corrosion and wear resistant surfaces as thin as 0.3mm possible. Thick overlays for significant repairs of up to 20mm can also be applied in multiple passes. Heat affected zones are minimized and the stress related cracking inherent in welded or PTA applied hard facing is generally eliminated. Standard LaserBond™ overlay options include Tungsten Carbide, Stainless Steels, Nickel alloys such as Inconel, and Cobalt alloys such as Stellite1. Other materials can be applied on request.
The High Pressure High Velocity Oxy-Fuel process applies coating material at supersonic velocities, resulting in surfaces of the highest possible quality and performance.
HP HVOF coatings are very dense, very well bonded, and free of the oxides and tensile stresses typically found in coatings produced with other thermal spray processes. Consequently, they perform better in most service environments. HP HVOF wear resistant coatings are being adopted globally as an environmentally friendly, and technically superior, alternative to Chrome plating on components such as aircraft landing gear. Surfaces combining resistance to corrosion and wear are also routinely applied by HP HVOF. LaserBond™ approved HP HVOF coatings include Tungsten Carbide, Chrome Carbide, Nickel based alloys (e.g. Inconel 625 and 718), Cobalt alloys such as Stellite1, stainless steels and copper based alloys.
Ajith Ranasinghe | Sales Engineer
LaserBond Ltd
2/57 Anderson Road, Smeaton Grange NSW 2567
| m:+61417618512 | t: +612 4631 4500 | f: +612 4631 4555
ajithr@laserbond.com.au
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
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R01226111114
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 12, Issue 2 Ver. VI (Mar - Apr. 2015), PP 111-114
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1226111114 www.iosrjournals.org 111 | Page
Modern Proficiency in Thermal Spray Coatings to Enhance Wear
Resistance of Material
Gobind1
, Jwala Parshad2
& Dr. NeelKanth Grover3
1
Department of mechanical engineering, S.B.S.S.T.C, (Polywing), Ferozepur
2,3
Department of mechanical engineering, S.B.S.S.T.C, Ferozepur
Abstract: Various techniques are employed to protect the material from degradation. As the wear is a surface
phenomenon and occurs mostly at outer surfaces. Most industry segments, significant financial losses may be
incurred due to accelerated wear of various components. In order to minimize the effects of mechanical wear
and extend product life, thermal spray coating solutions introduced into production and is further developing
them to meet even more demanding wear applications. Therefore it is more appropriate and economical to use
surface engineering for making surface modifications. High-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) is one of the thermal
spraying techniques known for providing hard, wear resistant and dense micro structured coatings. Applying
coatings using thermal spray is an established industrial method for resurfacing metal parts. The process is
characterized by simultaneously melting and transporting sprayed materials, usually metal or ceramics, onto
parts. Now a day’s
High-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray coatings are gaining popularity due to exceptional hardness, wear
resistance and cost effectiveness. In this paper some studies on Thermal sprayed wear resistant coatings have
been reviewed.
Keywords: Thermal spraying, Wear, HVOF.
I. Introduction
The different coating technologies now a days are more often applied to the surface covering of
intermediate products and industrial goods [1]. The wear resistant coats can be deposited by the physical
vapour deposition Technologies (PVD) [2]. This method is especially used for tools coating. The titanium
aluminum nitride, chromium carbides coatings are by this technique easily deposited on different substrates. The
main limitation of PVD is the size of a vacuum chamber, which restricted the size of coating elements.
Therefore the techniques commonly used in the industry conditions are the plasma sprayed methods [3].
Thermal spraying methods are a well-established processes and preferred technique for deposition of corrosion,
wear protection, and thermal barrier coatings [4]. Using the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) method the
coatings with low porosity, high hardness and microstructure with small or nanograins is possible to obtained.
The coatings have very high bond strengths, fine as-sprayed surface finishes and low oxide levels. Coatings
from chromium and tungsten carbides are very often used in the industry conditions for protection against the
wear and erosion [5]. Opposite to HVOF, plasma sprayed coats showed larger porosity, the existence of more
not molten droplets and oxides [6]. Coatings consist of lamellas elongated in the direction parallel to the coating
surface. Plasma spraying and HVOF method have been successfully used to produce different kinds of coatings.
As the wear is a surface phenomenon and occurs mostly at outer surfaces. Therefore it is more
appropriate and economical to use latter method of making surface modifications i.e. surface engineering.
Dimensional changes or roughening due to metal transfer in the absence of loose particle formation, the
cracking of brittle noble metal plating’s with the resultant exposure of base metal substrates, and even
mechanically induced metal flow without measurable transfer or loss, termed burnishing (as can occur with well
lubricated ductile metals), may also be considered to be definitions of wear in special cases. Although wear
cannot be eliminated completely, yet it can be reduced to some extent by different wear prevention methods,
such as: using protective coatings on surface, selecting better wear resistant materials, Lubrication to reduce
severity of friction and wear, keeping the actual contact pressure less than allowable contact pressure.
II. Methodology
To reduce the wear problem, wear resistant coatings are deposited on the grey irons. Standard test
methods for wear testing with pin-on disc apparatus are employed to study the wear behavior of the uncoated
and coated grey irons as well. Thermal spray processes that have been considered to deposit the coatings are
enlisted below:
(1) Flame spraying with a powder or wire, (2) Electric arc wire spraying, (3) Plasma spraying, (4)
Spray and fuse, (5) High Velocity Oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying, (6) Detonation Gun.
2. Modern Proficiency in Thermal Spray Coatings to Enhance Wear Resistance of Material
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1226111114 www.iosrjournals.org 112 | Page
Among the commercially available thermal spray coating techniques, detonation spray (DS) and high
velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) spray are the best choices to get hard, dense and consequently wear resistant coatings
are desired.
High Velocity Oxy Fuel Spray Process
The HVOF (High Velocity Oxy-Fuel) Thermal Spray Process is has been developed to produce
extremely high spray velocity. Fuel (kerosene, acetylene, propylene and hydrogen) and oxygen are fed into the
chamber. Combustion produces a hot high pressure flame which is forced down a nozzle increasing its velocity.
Powder is preferably fed axially into the combustion chamber under high pressure or fed through the side of
nozzle where the pressure is lower. Due to higher velocity the bond-strength of the coatings are higher. The
powder to be sprayed are often not melted but accelerated in a high temperature and high velocity gas stream
causing the phase of the sprayed material to change from solid to plastic (semi-molten) form. When these
particles strike the prepared substrate, they solidify to form a very dense and low porosity coating.
HVOF is best recommended for Carbide matrix coatings. Carbide coatings sprayed by HVOF renders
good hardness, wear resistance and abrasion resistance characteristics. HVOF Sprayed Carbide coatings have a
perfect alternative for Hard Chrome platings.
Characteristics of HVOF Coatings
Material Form Powder
Heat Source Accelerated Oxy-fuel flame
Flame Temp (o
C) > 3000
Gas Velocity (m/sec) 700 to 1200
Porosity (%) < 1
Coating Adhesion (MPa) > 70
Advantages :
Coatings are dense with very low porosity
Excellent, tenaciously bonded
Low oxide metallic coatings Optimized microhardness
1. Added Material Powder
2. Kerosene inlet
3. Oxygen inlet
4. Spray
5. Background
6. Sparkling plug.
III. Literature Review
An overview of literature collected on surface engineering is given Below
Lima et al. [7] aimed to verify if high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF)-Sprayed Al2O3-13 wt.%TiO2
coatings produced using hybrid ( nano + submicron) powders could improve even further the already recognized
good wear properties of the APS nano structured coatings. According to the abrasion test results (ASTM G 64)
there was an improvement in wear performance by a factor of 8 for the HVOF sprayed hybrid coating as
compared to the best performing APS conventional coating. When comparing both hybrid and conventional
HVOF-sprayed coatings. There was an improvement in wear performance by a factor of 4 when using the
hybrid materials The results show a significant anti-wear improvement provided by the hybrid material.
3. Modern Proficiency in Thermal Spray Coatings to Enhance Wear Resistance of Material
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1226111114 www.iosrjournals.org 113 | Page
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at low/high magnifications showed the distinctive microstructure of the
HVOF-sprayed hybrid coating, which helps to explain its excellent wear performance.
Singh et al. [8] evaluated that High-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray ceramic oxide coatings have
immense potential in industrial applications. Two such ceramic coating powders, Al2O3 + (40%)TiO2 and
Cr2O3, were deposited by the HVOF spray technique, in order to enhance its wear resistance. The as-sprayed
coatings were characterized by XRD and SEM analyses. Subsequently, the sliding wear behaviors of the
uncoated, HVOF spray Al2O3 + (40%) TiO2 and Cr2O3 coated were investigated according to ASTM standard
G99-03 on a pin-on disc wear test rig. Cumulative wear rate and coefficient of friction (μ ) were calculated for
the coated as well as the uncoated specimens for 30, 50, and 70N normal loads at a constant sliding velocity of 1
m/s. Some of the worn-out surfaces were characterized by SEM analysis. Both the as-sprayed coatings exhibited
typical splat morphology of a thermal spray process. The XRD analysis indicated the formation of Al2O3 and
TiO2 phases for the Al2O3 + (40%)TiO2 coating, and Cr2O3 phase for the Cr2O3 coating. It has been
concluded that HVOF spray Al2O3 + 40%)TiO2 and Cr2O3 coatings can be useful in minimizing the wear
problem. These coatings were found to be successful in retaining their surface contact with the substrate after
the wear tests. The HVOF spray Cr2O3 coating can be recommended as a slightly better choice to reduce the
wear in comparison with the Al2O3 + (40%)TiO2 coating.
Sahraoui et al. [9] Hard chrome plating is used to restore the original dimensions to worn surfaces of
gas turbine shafts. However , its use is about to decrease due to some intrinsic limitations of its deposits and the
toxic and carcinogenic characteristics of the hexavalent chromium.During the last decade high velocity oxy-fuel
(HVOF) thermal sprayed cermet coatings play an important role in industrial applications where exceptional
friction and wear resistance are required. The purpose of this study is to investigate and to compare the
microstructure, wear resistance and potentials of HVOF sprayed Cr3C2–NiCr and WC–Co coatings for a
possible replacement of hard chromium plating in gas turbine components repair. It has been shown that
coatings exhibit high hardness with a high volume fraction of carbides being preserved during the spraying, and
have different wear behaviour.
Yasunari et al.[10] Sprayed WC–20 mass%Cr3C2–7 mass% Ni powder onto low carbon steel
substrates by a commercial high velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spray process as well as by an improved HVOF
process equipped with a gas shroud attachment. The latter process utilizes a nitrogen gas flow to shield the
region between the spray gun and the substrate in order to suppress the material's degradation caused by reaction
with air such as oxidation and decarburization. Some coatings were further heat-treated in air at 773 K for 30 h
to form a thin oxide film on the surface. The sliding wear properties of these coatings against an iron pin were
evaluated by using a pin-on-disk wear tester. The specific wear rate of the as-sprayed cermet coatings prepared
under the conventional spray condition was about three times higher than that of the chrome plating but by using
the gas shroud, the wear rate was reduced to the same level with the chrome plating. The specific wear rate
could be further decreased by the oxidation heat-treatment. It was found that a proper amount of oxides existing
on the surface or within the coatings have a great beneficial effects Study on Enhancing the Wear Resistance of
Grey Cast Iron 187 on the wear properties such as to promote the transition from severe wear to mild wear and
thus to reduce the wear rate remarkably. XPS analysis of the transfer particles collected from the wear track
revealed a shift in the oxidation state of iron depending on the wear condition.
Berghaus et al [11]. Micro-laminates and nanocomposites of Al2O3 and ZrO2 can potentially exhibit
higher hardness and fracture toughness and lower thermal conductivity than alumina or zirconia alone. The
potential of these improvements for abrasion protection and thermal barrier coatings is generating considerable
interest in developing techniques for producing these functional coatings with optimized microstructures.
Al2O3-ZrO2 composite coatings were deposited by suspension thermal spraying (APS and HVOF) of
submicron feedstock powders. The liquid carrier employed in this approach allows for controlled injection of
much finer particles than in conventional thermal spraying, leading to unique and novel finescaled
microstructures. The suspensions were injected internally using a Mettech Axial III plasma torch and a Sulzer-
Metco DJ-2700 HVOF gun. The different spray processes induced a variety of structures ranging from finely
segregated ceramic laminates to highly alloyed amorphous composites. Mechanisms leading to these structures
are related to the feedstock size and in-flight particle states upon their impact. Mechanical and thermal transport
properties of the coatings were compared. Compositionally segregated crystalline coatings, obtained by plasma
spraying, showed the highest hardness of up to 1125 VHN3 N, as well as the highest abrasion wear resistance
(following ASTM G65). The HVOF coating exhibited the highest erosion wear resistance (following ASTM
G75), which was related to the toughening effect of small dispersed zirconia particles in the alumina-zirconia-
alloyed matrix. This microstructure also exhibited the lowest thermal diffusivity, which is explained by the
amorphous phase content and limited particle bonding, generating local thermal resistances within the structure.
Branco et al. [12] The use of PET in Brazil has increased significantly during the last decade and so has
the demand for its recycling. The combination of good mechanical properties, thermal and chemical stability as
well as impermeability to gases make PET a good choice for surface protection of materials. Therefore, thermal
4. Modern Proficiency in Thermal Spray Coatings to Enhance Wear Resistance of Material
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1226111114 www.iosrjournals.org 114 | Page
spraying is being investigated as both a route to recycle PET and a means to deliver good material protection
against corrosion and wear. This paper reports the results of a pin-on-disc wear study of unlubricated PET, used
in three conditions: as molded, as HVOF thermally sprayed and as quenched after thermal spraying. The wear
process was monitored by friction force and acoustic emission, light and scanning (electron and mechanica)
microscopy.The crystallinity of PET was assessed by XRD. The results are discussed to indicate that the
coatings have lower friction and wear rates relative to virgin PET
IV. Conclusion
HVOF sprayed coatings can play important role in protecting materials and alloys from wear and
corrosion phenomena. Work has been done by various researchers to investigate the performance of HVOF
sprayed coatings. There is no doubt that considerable progress has been made in the HVOF sprayed process by
optimizing the process parameters like Fuel Ratio, flow rate, and spray distance over the last few years. More
improvement can be done in the design of spraying device. Process parameters of Detonation spraying influence
the microstructure, mechanical and other properties of the coatings. Research is needed in optimization of the
process parameters of detonation spraying process. However more research is needed to evaluate the
performance of HVOF sprayed coatings in actual environment.
References
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