The document is a quiz on quality management systems with answers provided. It covers: - The year the first edition of ISO/TS 16949 was released (1999). - The main reasons for implementing ISO/TS 16949 certification are to improve customer satisfaction, qualify for the automotive industry, and engage employees. - DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control and is a process improvement strategy. - PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) is a model for continuous improvement popularized by William Edwards Deming. - Process capability index measures how well a process operates within specification limits. - Clause 4 of ISO/TS defines

1. Quality Management Systems - By Maya S
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2. Quality Management Systems - By Maya S
ANSWER KEY TO
QUALITY INTRODUCTION QUIZ-
SERIES1-​ ​BY MAYA S.
Q1)​ Which year was the First Edition of TS16949 released ?
Options - ​A​ – 1986
​B​ – 1999
C​ – 1995
Ans.​ 1999
The first edition was published in June 1999 as ISO/TS 16949:1999. ISO/TS
16949 is an ISO technical specification aimed at the development of a
quality management system that provides for continual improvement,
emphasizing defect prevention and the reduction of variation and waste in
the automotive industry supply chain. It is based on the ISO 9001 standard.
It was prepared by the International Automotive Task Force (IATF) and the
"Technical Committee" of ISO. It harmonizes the country-specific regulations
of quality Management systems.
About 30 percent of the more than 100 existing automobile manufacturers
affiliate the requirements of the norm but especially the large Asian
manufacturers have differentiated, own requirements for the quality
management systems of their corporate group and their suppliers.
ISO/TS 16949 applies to the design/development, production and, when
relevant, installation and servicing of automotive-related products.
QUALITY SYSTEMS
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3. Quality Management Systems - By Maya S
Q.2) ​What is the most important reason for you to implement
ISO /IATF 16949 Certification?
Options -​ ​A ​- Customer satisfaction
​B ​- Reduced operating costs.
​C ​- Ability to win more business
​D ​- All of the above
Ans:​ A- Customer satisfaction
The benefits of IATF 16949 cannot be overstated; companies large and
small have used this standard to great effect, discovering and securing
tremendous cost and efficiency savings. Here are just a few of these
benefits:
Improve your image and credibility – When customers see that you are
certified by a recognized certification body, they will understand that you
have implemented a system that is focused on meeting customer
requirements and improvement. This improves their trust that you will deliver
what you have promised.
Qualify to supply the automotive industry – This is one of the main drives
for companies to get certified against IATF 16949. In order to get big
customers from the automotive industry, you have to demonstrate that you
are able to provide high-quality products with no defects, and an IATF 16949
certificate will prove it.
Improve customer satisfaction – ​One of the key principles of the IATF
16949 QMS is the focus on improving customer satisfaction by identifying
and meeting customer requirements and needs. By improving satisfaction,
you improve repeat customer business.
Fully integrated processes – By using the process approach of IATF
16949, you not only look at the individual processes in your organization, but
also at the interactions of those processes. By doing this, you can more
easily find areas for improvement and resource savings within your
organization.
Use evidence-based decision making – Ensuring that you are making
decisions based on good evidence is a key to the success of an IATF 16949
QMS. By ensuring that your decisions are based on good evidence, you can
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4. Quality Management Systems - By Maya S
better target resources to the best effect to correct problems and improve
your organizational efficiency and effectiveness.
Create a culture of continual improvement – With continual improvement
as the main output of the QMS, you can attain ever-increasing gains in
savings of time, money, and other resources. By making this the culture of
your company, you can focus your workforce on improving the processes
they are directly responsible for.
Engage your people – Who better than the people working within a
process to help find the best solutions for improving that process? By
focusing your workforce on not only managing, but also improving the
processes, they will be more engaged in the outcome of the organization.
Q.3)​ ​What is the full form of DMAIC ?
Options -​ ​A​-​ ​Data, Measure, Analyze, Integrate, Cycle
​B​- Design, Methodology, Automobile, Identity, Control
​C​- Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
Ans:​ Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
DMAIC is a data-driven quality strategy used to improve processes. It is an
integral part of a Six Sigma initiative, but in general can be implemented as
a standalone quality improvement procedure or as part of other process
improvement initiatives such as lean.
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5. Quality Management Systems - By Maya S
DMAIC is an acronym for the five phases that make up the process:
● Define the problem, improvement activity, opportunity for
improvement, the project goals, and customer (internal and external)
requirements.
● Measure​ process performance.
● Analyze the process to determine root causes of variation, poor
performance (defects).
● Improve process performance by addressing and eliminating the root
causes.
● Control​ the improved process and future process performance.
The DMAIC process easily lends itself to the project approach to quality
improvement encouraged and promoted by Juran.
Q.4)​ ​Where is DMAIC likely to be used.
Options -​ ​A- ​project team that is attempting to improve an existing process
​B- ​ Company Management committee
​C- ​ Manufacturing Machines
Ans.​ A - DMAIC is used by a project team that is attempting to
improve an existing process.
DMAIC provides structure because each phase of the process contains
tasks and tools that will lead the team to find an eventual solution. While
DMAIC may be sequential, it is not strictly linear. The process encourages
project teams to backtrack to previous steps if more information is needed.
Q.5) ​What is the full form of APQP?
Options – ​A​-​ ​Additional process Quality program
​B​- Advance planning Qualified process
​C​- Advanced product Quality planning
Ans:​ Advanced Product Quality Planning
Advance Product Quality Approval is a structured approach to product and
process design. This framework is a standardized set of quality
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6. Quality Management Systems - By Maya S
requirements that enable suppliers to design a product that satisfies the
customer.
The primary goal of product quality planning is to facilitate communication
and collaboration between engineering activities. A Cross Functional Team
(CFT), involving marketing, product design, procurement, manufacturing and
distribution, is used in the APQP process. APQP ensures the ​Voice of the
Customer (VOC) is clearly understood, translated into requirements,
technical specifications and special characteristics. The product or process
benefits are designed in through prevention.
APQP supports the early identification of change, both intentional and
incidental. These changes can result in exciting new innovation supporting
customer delight. When not managed well they translate to failure and
customer dissatisfaction. The focus of APQP is utilization of tools and
methods for mitigating the risks associated with change in the new product
or process.
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7. Quality Management Systems - By Maya S
Q.6)​ What is PDCA?
Options - ​A​- Process – Design – Collect – Analyse
​B​- Plan – Do – Check - Act.
​C​-​ ​Plan – Data – Control – Act
Ans: B- Plan – Do – Check - Act
The plan–do–check–act cycle is a four–step model for carrying out change.
Just as a circle has no end, the PDCA cycle should be repeated again and
again for continuous improvement.
Figure 1: Plan-do-check-act cycle
When to Use Plan–Do–Check–Act
● As a model for continuous improvement.
● When starting a new improvement project.
● When developing a new or improved design of a process, product or
service.
● When defining a repetitive work process.
● When planning data collection and analysis in order to verify and
prioritize problems or root causes.
● When implementing any change.
Plan–Do–Check–Act Procedure
1. Plan.​Recognize an opportunity and plan a change.
2. Do.​Test the change. Carry out a small-scale study.
3. Check.​Review the test, analyze the results and identify what you’ve
learned.
4. Act.​Take action based on what you learned in the study step: If the
change did not work, go through the cycle again with a different plan.
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8. Quality Management Systems - By Maya S
5. If you were successful, incorporate what you learned from the test
into wider changes. Use what you learned to plan new improvements,
beginning the cycle again.
Q.7)​ PDCA is concept given by which famous Quality
Guru?
Options -​ ​A​-​ ​Bill Smith
​ ​B​- Bob Galvin.
​C​- William Edward Deming
Ans.​ William Edward Deming
PDCA was made popular by ​W. Edwards Deming​, who is considered by
many to be the father of modern ​quality control​; however, he always
referred to it as the "Shewhart cycle". Later in Deming's career, he modified
PDCA to "Plan, Do, Study, Act" (PDSA) because he felt that "check"
emphasized inspection over analysis. The PDSA cycle was used to create
the model of know-how transfer process,​[​
and other models.
Q.8)​ The Index which measures a centered process and is
defined by a minimum of Cpu and Cpl is called ?
Options -​ ​A​-​ ​Process capability index
​B​- Parameter critical index.
​C​- Product centralised index
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9. Quality Management Systems - By Maya S
Ans.​ ​Process capability index - See details below
In process improvement efforts, the process capability index or process
capability ratio is a statistical measure of process capability: the ability of a
process to produce output within specification limits. The concept of process
capability only holds meaning for processes that are in a state of statistical
control. Process capability indices measure how much "natural variation" a
process experiences relative to its specification limits and allows different
processes to be compared with respect to how well an organization controls
them.
Q.9) ​Quality Management System is defined in which clause
of TS?
Options -​ A​-​ ​clause 5.1
​B​- clause 4
​C​-​ ​clause 6
Ans. ​Clause 4
● 4.1 ​Clause 4:​ Quality Management System (general requirements,
control of documents and records)
● General
● 4.2 Documentation Requirements
● 4.2.1 General
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10. Quality Management Systems - By Maya S
● 4.2.2 Quality Manual
● 4.2.3 Control of documents
● 4.2.3.1 Engineering Specification
● 4.2.4 Control of records
● 4.2.4.1 Records retention
Maya S an independant Quality consultant based out of Pune in India,
provide independent, objective advice to organizations on strategies to
improve the quality of their products and services.
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