QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
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This document discusses qualitative research methods, including historical research, content analysis, ethnographic research, and phenomenological research. It also covers key aspects of qualitative data collection such as observation, interviews, focus groups, and interpreting documents and material culture. The types and purposes of interviews, observations, and focus groups are defined. Validation and reliability of qualitative research instruments is also addressed.
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This document outlines the agenda and activities for a Theory of Knowledge class focusing on historical method. It includes an activity where students verbally relay an account of an event to demonstrate how details can be lost or altered over transmission. The document then covers core principles of history, different approaches to history through time in various cultures, and potential patterns and uses of history. It poses discussion questions about the nature of history, objectivity, and the relationship between history and other areas of knowledge.
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The 1st session of the presentation clarifies the necessary background concept to understand Historical Research.
The 2nd Session touches the procedures to the stages, sources, collection of data, analyzing them and writing a legit report on the whole research.
The whole presentation is designed to create a link between ancient educational practices and how the old practices influence our education today, in other words, how today's education is reformed through a transformation from a very early time.
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The 1st session of the presentation clarifies the necessary background concept to understand Historical Research.
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Historical research involves carefully studying and analyzing past events and data to better understand how the past impacts the present. It relies on primary sources like documents, artifacts, and oral histories, as well as secondary sources. The research process involves collecting data, critically analyzing its authenticity and reliability, and then synthesizing the validated information to establish facts and test hypotheses. Some areas of historical study include specific time periods, geographical locations, and topics like military history. A variety of methods and tools are used, such as corroborating evidence, photography, revisionism, change logs, and examining human and social evolution.
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Here are the answers to your questions:
1. A relic is any object whose physical or visual characteristics can provide some information about the past. Examples of relics include furniture, clothing, buildings, monuments, or equipment.
2. It is important to establish rapport with collaborators or the group being researched in order to gain their trust and willingness to participate openly and honestly. This helps the researcher obtain accurate perspectives and behaviors from participants.
3. In the technique of triangulation, the researcher collects data using multiple sources rather than a single one. This includes using multiple methods like interviews, observations, and artifacts, as well as getting information from multiple informants.
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This paper is Peace research and source criticism; using historical methodology to information gathering. The methods of historical research was covered in this study and questions asked in source criticism
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Historical research involves systematically collecting and analyzing past data and evidence to understand and explain events or actions. It has several purposes, including helping people learn from the past, understanding present practices, and testing hypotheses. The key steps are defining the problem, locating relevant sources, summarizing and evaluating the information, and presenting interpretations of the evidence. Sources can be primary like documents and relics or secondary like textbooks. Advantages are that it allows studying topics no other way, while disadvantages include inability to control for threats to validity like in experimental research.
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Historical research involves the systematic collection and evaluation of data from the past to describe and explain events or actions. It aims to reconstruct what happened in the past as accurately as possible without manipulating variables. There are various types of historical sources that can be used, including primary sources from eyewitnesses and secondary sources from non-witnesses. Researchers must critically analyze sources to establish their authenticity, meaning, and credibility by examining factors like authorship, bias, and reliability. The goal of historical research is to learn from history, apply lessons to current problems, understand practices and policies, and test hypotheses about relationships over time.
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2. Historical research as a modern undertaking aimed primarily at critical search for truth.
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1. A relic is a surviving object or artifact from an earlier time, especially one of historical or sentimental interest. Four examples of relics are: ancient tools, fragments of pottery or clothing, religious artifacts like pieces of bone from a saint, and historical documents or manuscripts.
2. It is important to establish rapport with collaborators or the group being researched so that they feel comfortable with the researcher and act naturally during observations. This allows the researcher to get a true representation of behaviors and perspectives rather than altered ones due to the researcher's presence. Rapport building also helps the researcher gain access and cooperation.
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This document discusses various aspects of historical research methodology. It outlines different types of historical sources including written sources like records, autobiographies and legal documents as well as artifacts. It also discusses the characteristics of historical research, including the inability to repeat experiments and reliance on secondary sources. Several methods of analyzing historical documents are provided, such as external and internal criticism to evaluate authenticity. The purpose of these analyses is to detect forgeries and inaccuracies.
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Historical research examines past events to create an account of what happened. It can uncover unknown details, answer questions, and help understand how the past relates to present cultures and events. Researchers use primary sources like documents, records, artifacts, and interviews that were created during the time being studied, as well as secondary sources that analyze primary sources. They determine if sources are authentic and accurately portray events by corroborating claims across sources, identifying source details, and analyzing context. This process of negative criticism establishes reliability and helps interpret what sources convey about the past.
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This document discusses life histories as a qualitative research method for data collection. It identifies life histories as methods that gather, analyze, and interpret the stories people tell about their lives. The document outlines several primary and supplemental qualitative data collection methods, including life histories, direct observation, participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus groups, and historical analysis. It also discusses advantages and disadvantages of using life histories as a data collection method.
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- How narrative research developed in education, with Clandinin and Connelly first overviewing it in 1990.
- Key characteristics of narrative research designs like focusing on individual experiences, chronology of events, life stories, and restorying narratives.
- Common techniques in narrative research like interviews, memoirs, letter writing, and analyzing stories for themes.
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Historical research involves testing the accuracy of past observations and reports. It aims to place events in sequence, understand surrounding activities, preserve information, answer why things happened, make information public, and inform the present. Researchers define problems, collect primary and secondary sources, evaluate sources, form hypotheses, and report interpretations. Primary sources are eyewitness accounts and original objects, while secondary sources are copies or secondhand information. Researchers use external and internal criticism to validate sources by examining language, author knowledge, and intended meanings. Historical research allows investigation of topics not possible through other methods, but the researcher cannot control for validity threats or ensure representative samples.
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This document outlines the key aspects of historical research. It defines historical research as the systematic collection of data to describe, explain and understand past events without manipulation of variables. The purposes of historical research include learning from past successes and failures, seeing if past approaches could apply to current problems, assisting in prediction, and testing hypotheses. The steps involve defining the problem, locating relevant historical sources like documents and oral statements, summarizing and evaluating these sources, and presenting interpretations of the information. Primary sources are created by direct witnesses, while secondary sources describe events through others. Historical research allows investigating unique topics but comes with difficulties controlling for threats to validity.
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This document discusses historical research methods. It defines historical research as the systematic collection and critical evaluation of past data to answer questions about causes and effects of past events. The key steps are: 1) collecting primary and secondary sources; 2) critically examining sources through external and internal criticism; 3) objectively presenting the facts without bias. Historical research allows investigation of topics not studyable otherwise, but limitations include lack of control over threats to validity and representation of samples. Areas of study include periods, locations, and military history.
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Phenomenology in educational research - Tone Saevi
Presentation at HEA-funded workshop 'A dialogue between phenomenology and realism in pedagogical and educational research '.
The workshop aimed to stimulate debate around the philosophical underpinnings of different research methodologies, whose shared terminology is often interpreted in radically contrasting ways, and in particular, to encourage dialogue between realist and phenomenological research traditions. The workshop was aimed at pedagogical and educational researchers who are looking to expand their methodological repertoire and to explore new ways of teaching research methods.
This presentation is part of a related blog post that provides an overview of the event: http://bit.ly/1oww6m1
For further details of the HEA's work on teaching research methods in the Social Sciences see: http://bit.ly/RIZtTz
Qualitative Research Methods
This intensive course will provide an opportunity for participants to establish and/or advance their understanding of qualitative research through critical exploration of research approaches and methods. This course will take an academic-based fieldwork approach which will enhance participants’ skills to plan and execute qualitative research in a specific context. Participants will use theoretical underpinnings to begin, to critically review literature relevant to the field of study, analyse it and then present it in written and verbal form.
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Here are brief explanations for the test questions:
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Here are brief explanations for the test questions:
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QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
- 1. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS Historical, Content Analysis, Ethnographic and Phenomenological Method Maria Katrina P. Miranda Master of Arts in Mathematics Education-Student Tito M. Cabili, Ph.D. Course Professor
- 2. Qualitative Research is a method of research that studies the understanding of human behavior and the reasons for such behavior. It answers the why and how of research not just the what, when and where.
- 3. Historical Research studies the meaning of events and answers the question "What was?". Content Analysis analyzes in narrative form the content of documents, journals, books, reports, letters, autobiographies and other instructional materials.
- 4. Ethnographic Method is a process of observing, detailing, describing and documenting cultural beliefs, practices and customs of a cultural group to obtain information about their culture. Phenomenological Method examines live experiences provided by the people involved.
- 5. Examples of Historical, Ethnographic and Phenomenological Method: Characteristics of the Filipina Dress from 1901 to 2000 Teacher-Parent Interactions in a Multigrade Community Experiences of Five La Union Fishermen Drifting in the Sea for Ten Days
- 6. DATA COLLECTION Observation, Interviewing, Focus Groups, Interpretation of Documents and Material Culture
- 7. Observation is a way of perceiving data through the senses: sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell. It is the most direct process of studying individual behavior.
- 8. Types of Observation 1. Participant and Non-participant Observation 2. Structured and Unstructured Observation 3. Controlled and Uncontrolled Observation
- 9. Interviewing is a collection of data which in a sense uses oral questionnaire. It’s purpose is to verify, clarify and update information from written sources. The researcher focuses on the personality and attitude of the group.
- 10. Types of Interview 1. Structured or Standardized 2. Unstructured or Unstandardized 3. Telephone Interview
- 11. When conducting the interview… Arrive promptly. Be equipped with whatever materials you need to conduct the interview. Begin the interview by thanking him for consenting the interview. As a general rule, limit your questions to those on the agreed upon list. Leave most of the talking to the interviewee. Take notes rapidly, accurately, and as conspicuously as possible. End the interview at the promised time. As soon as possible after the interview, write out your notes neatly and in greater detail. If you use a tape recorder, transcribe your notes on paper.
- 12. Focus Groups are group of people giving their opinions and beliefs about the subject. It is implied as biased and unreliable because of the complexity of the group’s individual personality but it can provide the opportunity to measure the strength of an individual to give opinions.
- 13. Interpretation of Documents and Material Culture Research Findings are based on the data gathered and as such research instruments must be valid and reliable.
- 14. Validity of the Instrument A research instrument is pretty much valid when it measures what it intends to measure. Types Of Validity 1. Content Validity 2. Criterion Validity 3. Construct Validity
- 15. Reliability of the Instrument It pertains to the stability of maintaining consistent measurement in a test administered twice. Methods in Determining the Reliability 1. Test-retest Method 2. Alternate or Parallel Form 3. Split-half Method 4. Rationale Equivalence Method
- 16. Other Methods of Measuring Research Instruments 1. Sensitivity 2. Efficiency 3. Objectivity 4. Administrability 5. Scorability 6. Simplicity 7. Meaningfulness 8. Reactivity
- 17. References “Qualitative Research Methods” Online. Available at http://www.google.com.ph/googlesearch.html “Qualitative Methods” Online. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative_research#Inter pretive_techniques.html
- 18. Thank You!!!