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Qualitative research SMALL AUDIO pp
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- 2. WHAT! Qualitative researchis a method of inquiry employed in many different academic disciplines, traditionally in the social sciences, but also in market research and further contexts. Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that govern such behaviour.
- 3. WHY! • MEANING • Experiences • Situations • Exploration - generation and clarification • Interpretation - what does this mean? • Explanation - of complex processes
- 4. Plus *field notes *audio * video recordings *transcripts. EXAMPLES OF QUALITATIVE METHODS Interviews Focus Groups Observation Diaries, journals, etc
- 5. STRENGTHS OF QUALITATIVERESEARCH Enables more complex aspects of experience to be studied Individuals can be studied in more depth
- 6. WEAKNESS OF QUALITATIVERESEARCH Data set could have biases Data overload Time consuming Less able to Generalise
- 7. DIRECTED READING Cresswell,J. W. 2007. Qualitative enquiry and research design. London: Sage Maxwell, J. 2005. Qualitative research design. London: Sage. McLeod, J.2003 Doing counselling research. London: Sage. Smith, J. (Ed.). 2006. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. London: Sage.
Editor's Notes
- #2 Welcome to the blended learning lesson on Qualitative research, throughout the session we shall be looking at what is Qualitative research, the strengths and weaknesses of Qualitative research, Types of Qualitative research and methods of data collection within Qualitative research.
- #3 Read slide then add In contrast to quantitative data, qualitative data does not simply count things, but is a way of recording people's attitudes, feelings and behaviours in greater depth and looks further than precise numerical evidence. Qualitative research is about finding out not just what people think but why they think it. It's about getting people to talk about their opinions so you can understand their motivations and feelings. Qualitative research is a type of scientific research. In general terms, scientific research consists of an investigation that: • seeks answers to a question • systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer the question • collects evidence • produces findings that were not determined in advance • produces findings that are applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the study Qualitative research shares these characteristics. Additionally, it seeks to understand a given research problem or topic from the perspectives of the local population it involves. Qualitative research is especially effective in obtaining culturally specific information about the values, opinions, behaviors, and social contexts of particular populations.
- #4 Read slide Qualitative research is based on a more phenemonoligcal [understanding the meaning of events] position The individual and the world co-constructed and qualitative research can help us to interpret and better understand the complex reality of a given situation and the world of the individual.
- #5 The three most common qualitative methods, explained in detail in their respective modules, are participant observation, in-depth interviews, and focus groups. Each method is particularly suited for obtaining a specific type of data. • Participant observation is appropriate for collecting data on naturally occurring behaviors in their usual contexts. • In-depth interviews are optimal for collecting data on individuals’ personal histories, perspectives, and experiences, particularly when sensitive topics are being explored. • Focus groups are effective in eliciting data on the cultural norms of a group and in generating broad overviews of issues of concern to the cultural groups or subgroups represented. There may also be *field notes *audio * video recordings *transcripts depending upon the type of data which is required.
- #6 Some things cannot be answered numerically and Qualitative research is more holistic in it’s approach, Enables more complex aspects of experience to be studied Not everything can be quantified, or quantified easily, and an advantage of qualitative research is that it can investigate these things (for example, individual experiences) Individuals can be studied in more depth Because fewer assumptions are placed on the thing being studied it is great for exploratory research
- #7 Can be harder to determine the influence of the researcher (e.g., through researcher bias). That is, there is more subjectivity involved in analysing the data Note, data is not necessarily less valid or reliable, just that it’s harder to know this (with quantitative data, you can do validity test, confirmatory analyses, etc) Data overload” – open-ended questions can sometimes create lots of data, which can take a long time to analyse! Transcription of recorded interviews can often take a lot of time and/or money Usually fewer people studied: collection of qualitative data is generally more time consuming that quantitative data collection and therefore unless time, staff and budget allows it is generally necessary to include a smaller sample size Less easy to generalise: because fewer people are generally studied it is not possible to generalise results to that of the population. Usually exact numbers are reported rather than percentages
- #8 On the slide you can see a good few recommended books to read which will enhance your understanding on what Qualitative research is.