This document discusses pulmonary drug targeting and delivery. It begins by stating that pulmonary drug delivery can be used as an alternative to oral delivery and can provide both local and systemic drug actions. It notes that pulmonary delivery enhances bioavailability and reduces toxic effects compared to other delivery methods. Second, it explains that the respiratory tract is divided into upper and lower parts, with the terminal parts of the lower respiratory tract being the bronchi and alveoli, which are the functional units of the lungs. Third, it discusses challenges of pulmonary delivery such as producing the optimal particle size for lung targeting and potential issues like instability, irritation, or drug retention in the lungs.

1. PULMONARY DRUG TARGETING
Presented By:
Mr. Mahesh A. Marathe.
M. Pharm. Sem II
(Pharmaceutics)
Roll No. 514.

2. Pulmonary drug delivery can be use as an alternative to oral
delivery. Also used for both local and systemic actions.
Pulmonary route enhanced bioavailability, reduced toxic effect of
other delivery.
The important requirement of a pulmonary delivery system is to
provide perfect deposition of drug in lungs.
Due to advancement of devices in pulmonary delivery, it is possible
to deliver larger doses into the lung.
Optimum particle size is important for targeting of drug to lungs. If
the particle size is too small they will exhale and if it is too large, they
may affect the oropharynx and larynx. 2pulmonary drug targeting

3. The respiratory tract is divided into upper and lower parts.
 The terminal parts of lower respiratory tract is the bronchi &
alveoli.
 The alveoli are the functional unit of lungs.
 Alveolar cells are divided in two types type I or type II.
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4. Type I cells are small, non-phagocytic, membranous cells.
These cells are approximately 5 μm in thickness.
Type II cells are large, granular, epithelial cells.
These cells are approximately 10 to 15μm in thickness.
The alveoli consist of surface active lining component which
contains phospholipids.
 Presence of this surface active lining affects compound
solubility and can produce interaction of drug with cell surfaces
and receptors.
The surface active lining possesses anti-inflammatory property.
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5. Advantages of pulmonary drug delivery
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6. Improper dosing .
Stability problems.
Some drugs may produce irritation or toxicity.
Some drugs may be retained in lungs and clearance of the drug
may be difficult.
Difficulty in producing optimum particle size.
Amount of drug delivered per puff is less which may be ineffective
for certain Therapy.
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7. 7pulmonary drug targeting
Due to air flow
changes.
Due to brownion
motion
Due to gravitational
force more than air flow

8. 8pulmonary drug targeting

9. DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES
For pulmonary route, drug delivery devices play an important role
equivalent to that of formulation aspects.
It is difficult to administer a formulation through pulmonary route
without suitable drug delivery devices. The drug delivery devices are
given below.
1. Metered Dose Inhalers
2. Dry Powder Inhalers
3. Nebulizers:
a)Jet Nebulizers
b)Ultrasonic Nebulizers
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10. MDI
DPI
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11. JET
ULTRASONIC
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12. Inert Carrier(lactose)
Biodegradable polymers(PLA,PGA)
Microparticles
Nanoparticles
Liposomes
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13. 13pulmonary drug targeting

14. The drugs which produce GI irritation can be administered by
pulmonary route.
One of the major difficulty in this system is achieving the
optimum particle size, which determines the targeted delivery
of drug to lungs.
There are number of methods like micronization, spray drying,
spray freezedrying, supercritical fluid crystallization and double
emulsion are available to achieve the expected particle size.
Carriers like microparticles, nanoparticles, liposomes etc. can
be used in pulmonary delivery.
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15. 15pulmonary drug targeting
V.Ravichandiran, K.Masilamani*, S.Satheshkumar,
D.Joseprakash, DRUG DELIVERY TO THE LUNGS, International
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research,volume
10,Oct.2011

16. pulmonary drug targeting 16