This document provides information about long-acting contraceptives (LACs), including intrauterine devices (IUDs), contraceptive implants, and injectable contraceptives. It discusses how each works, effectiveness, advantages like not needing daily use and quick return to fertility, and potential side effects like irregular bleeding or mood changes. The document summarizes three main types of LACs: IUDs which are placed in the uterus for 5-10 years, implants under the skin of the arm for 3 years, and injectables given every 12 weeks.

1. Long Acting Contraceptives
Drug Delivery System
Guide :
Mrs. Shilpa Shotriya.
Presented By:
Mr. Mahesh A. Marathe.
M. Pharm. Sem II (Pharmaceutics)
Roll No. 514.

2. Contraceptives use for family planning& Birth control.
contraceptive reduces your risk of getting pregnant after sex.
Long acting contraceptives will help to stop getting pregnant for
a number of months or years.
Why contraceptives are use???
A contraceptive implant that is placed under the skin of your
arm – lasts for 3 years
An IUD (intra uterine device). This is a small device that is
placed inside your uterus – lasts for 5 to 10 years.
A contraceptive injection (DMPA) given every 12 weeks.
Three types of LAC

3. Effective, low cost contraception that
lasts for a long time.
You don’t have to remember to use
contraception every day.
Once an IUD or implant is removed, fertility
returns quickly. (Does not apply to DMPA
injection.)
No one can see that you are using a LAC.

4. •The IUD is a small device placed in the uterus to
prevent pregnancy.
•The IUD prevents pregnancy by stopping the sperm
reaching the egg to fertilise it. It also changes the lining
of your uterus so a fertilised egg won’t stick to it.
Intra Uterine Device

5. There are two of IUD:
1) copper IUD (Cu-IUD), which is plastic and has copper
wrapped around its stem.
2)Hormonal IUD, a small T-shaped device with a cylinder
containing progestogen.
The Cu-IUD works immediately once it is place in.
The hormonal IUD works immediately ONLY if it is inserted
within six days after the first day of your period. Otherwise it will
take seven days to become effective.

6. Copper IUDs :
The copper IUD is the most commonly used type of IUD.
It can be left in the body for up to 10 years. It can be
removed at Any time
 The arms of this IUD contain some copper, which is
slowly released into the uterus.
The copper prevents sperm from making their way
through the uterus into the tubes and prevents
fertilization.
If fertilization does occur, the copper prevents the
fertilized egg from implanting on the wall of the uterus.

7. Hormonal IUDs :
Hormonal IUDs that contain progesterone must be replaced
every 5 years. They can be removed at any time if a woman
decides she wishes to become pregnant or if she does not want to
use it.
Hormones are in the arms of the IUD and are released slowly
into the uterus.
The Mirena levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (IUS)
contains the hormone levonorgestrel (LNg), which is similar to
progesterone.
The LNg IUS causes cervical mucus to thicken to prevent sperm
from entering the cervix and reaching the egg.
 The LNg IUS reduces the risk of tubal pregnancies and pelvic
inflammatory disease.

8. 1) IUDs do not protect against sexually transmitted infections
(STIs).
2) The IUD may slip out of place, usually during a period.
3) There is an increased risk of miscarriage if an IUD is left in the
uterus during pregnancy.
4) There is a small risk of pelvic inflammatory infection in the
three weeks following insertion.
5) Rare, serious complications are possible.
Disadvantages of IUDs

9. 1) Irregular bleeding or periods are likely in the first
three to five months.
2) It may cause a slight increase in vaginal dryness,
flushing, headaches, nausea and acne.
3) The copper IUD may cause your periods to become
heavier and slightly more painful.
Hormonal IUD side effects

10. (Cu-T Multi loaded)
(Para guard)

11. CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS

12. The contraceptive implant is a small thin flexible rod inserted just
under the skin on the inside of your arm.
It is 4 cm long, made of plastic and contains a hormone called
progestogen.
The implant works for three years and it must be removed at the
end of this time.
contraceptive implant
How does the implant work?
Small amounts of progestogen are released steadily, which: stop
ovaries from releasing an egg each month thicken the mucus in your
cervix (the entrance to your uterus), making it difficult for sperm to
get through and
fertilise an egg.

13. 1) The implant is placed under your skin after the area has
been numbed with a local anaesthetic.
2) Removing the implant is also done under local anaesthetic,
and with a small cut to your skin.
3) This may leave a very small scar.
4) After the implant is put in, you should be able to feel it but
not see it.
5)If you can’t feel it, see your doctor. Use another method of
contraception (like condoms) until the doctor tells you the
implant is still in place.
How is the implant Place and taken out?

14. 1) Irregular periods is the most common side effect, especially
in the first 6 to 12 months. Most women will have less
bleeding and some will stop having periods altogether.
Some women have more frequent or longer periods.
2) You may get temporary side effects when you first start
using the implant. These should stop within a few months.
They include headaches and mood changes.
3) Less common side effects of the contraceptive implant
include acne, nausea (feeling sick in the stomach) and
weight gain.

16.  DMPA injection :
DMPA (Depot medroxyprogesterone
acetate) is a long-acting progesterone
hormone that is given as an injection every
12 weeks.
How IC works?
The hormone in the injection stops your
ovaries from releasing an egg each month. It
also changes the lining of your uterus so that
a fertilised egg won’t stick to it.
Injectable Contraceptives

17. You must visit your doctor or clinic every 12 weeks to
have an injection. Irregular periods. Most women will have less
bleeding, but occasionally, a woman will have more bleeding.
Once the injection is given, the hormone can’t be removed
from your body. You must wait for it to wear off.
Your period may be slow to return to normal after you stop
taking it.
Some women will have side effects like headaches, mood
changes, loss of interest in sex and feeling sick in the stomach.
Disadvantages of the DMPA Injection

18. Also known as NUVARING.
The vaginal contraceptive ring is a soft, flexible, latex-
free ring containing oestrogen and progestogen
hormones.
The ring is inserted into the vagina by the woman.
VAGINAL RINGS

19. How does it work?
The vaginal ring releases a slow, steady flow of hormones.
The walls of the vagina absorb these hormones and distribute
them into the bloodstream, stopping ovulation
(the release of an egg from the ovary).
How effective is it?
The vaginal ring is 91-99.7% effective at preventing pregnancy.
Effectiveness depends on correct use.

21. [1] Grimes DA (2004). Intrauterine devices (IUDs). In RA Hatcher et
al., eds., Contraceptive Technology, 18th ed., pp. 495–530. New
York: Ardent Media.
[2] Zieman M, et al. (2007). Managing Contraception for Your
Pocket. Tiger, GA: Bridging the Gap Foundation.
[3] Hatcher RA, et al. (2005). Pocket Guide to Managing
Contraception 2005–2007. Tiger, GA:
Bridging the Gap Foundation.