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Pterocarpus is the dried juice from the Pterocarpus marsupium tree. It is found in forests of western and northeastern India. Pterocarpus has ruby-red, odorless, angular granules that are partly soluble in water and completely soluble in alcohol. It contains kinotannic acid, kino-red, catechol, and gallic acid. Pterocarpus is used as an astringent to treat diarrhea, dysentery, hemorrhage, and toothache. It is also used in industries like printing, tanning, and dyeing.
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Pterocarpus marsupium, or Indian Kino tree, is a deciduous tree native to India that grows up to 30 meters tall. Its dried sap, known as kino, is used medicinally and contains kinotannic acid and other compounds. Kino is an astringent, angular substance that is red in color and breaks with a vitreous fracture. It is used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, toothaches, bleeding, diabetes, and fungal infections. The tree is found growing wild in forests throughout India.
Ac fr ogd2aew8qm0l2ba_twesyx-8uufb5o8id43nx4odtqgiwqlwng7a7eywwcxnpktqrsjavoy...
Tannins are complex organic compounds found in plants that have astringent properties. They are classified as hydrolysable tannins or condensed tannins depending on their chemical structure and behavior during dry distillation. The document describes different types of tannins including Pterocarpus, Pale Catechu, and Black Catechu. It provides details on their biological sources, chemical constituents, identification tests, and common uses which are typically as astringents or in dyeing and tanning industries.
ASTRINGENTS.pptx
This document discusses three types of crude drugs: myrobalan, pale catechu, and black catechu. It describes the biological source, chemical constituents, uses, and chemical tests to identify each type. Myrobalan comes from Terminalia chebula fruits and contains tannins. Pale catechu and black catechu are extracts from Uncaria gambier and Acacia catechu respectively, and both contain catechin and catechutannic acid. They are used as astringents and in tanning leather. Chemical tests can identify the presence of these drugs using reactions with lime water, ferric chloride, vanillin-HCl, and other reagents.
TANNINS
This document provides information about tannins and nutgall. It begins with an introduction to tannins and defines them. It then discusses the properties of tannins, how they are classified into hydrolysable and condensed tannins, and provides examples of each. The document describes how tannins are extracted and isolated and lists some common identification tests. It provides details on nutgall, including its synonyms, biological source, chemical constituents, and uses as an astringent and in manufacturing tannic acid.
Baheda by anup ray
Baheda, also known as Terminalia belerica, is a deciduous tree found in forests throughout India. The dried ripe fruits of the tree are used in Ayurvedic medicine and make up one part of the formula Triphala. The fruits are astringent and used to treat dyspepsia, diarrhea, and constipation. They contain phytochemicals like gallic acid, ellagic acid, and chebulagic acid which give the fruits their therapeutic properties. The plant is also a source of gum and non-edible oil which have various traditional medicinal uses.
Introduction to Secondary Metabolites
This document provides an overview of secondary metabolites including alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, lignans, and specific examples such as Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, tea leaves. It discusses the biological sources, chemical constituents, uses, and important compounds found in these secondary metabolites and examples.
UNIT-II PART IV.pptx
Tannins, resins, glycosides, volatile oils and carotenoids are secondary plant metabolites discussed in the document. Tannins are astringent polyphenols used in leather tanning. Resins like benzoin are mixtures of essential oils, terpenes and acids. Glycosides like sennoside are anthraquinone derivatives used as purgatives. Volatile oils such as ginger oil contain compounds like gingerol. Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid pigments including lycopene and lutein that have antioxidant properties. The document describes the source, chemistry and uses of various secondary metabolites.
Transverse Section Bark and Seed ( Cinchona, Cinnamon,Isapgol,Nux Vomica.pptx
This document provides information on four herbal substances: cinnamon bark, cinchona bark, isabgol seed, and nux vomica seed. It describes the biological source, geographical source, macroscopic and microscopic features, chemical constituents, and uses of each substance. Cinnamon bark contains volatile oils including cinnamaldehyde and is used as a carminative and flavoring agent. Cinchona bark contains quinine and is used to treat malaria. Isabgol seed contains mucilage and is used as a demulcent and laxative. Nux vomica seed contains the alkaloids strychnine and brucine and is used as a stimulant and antidote for certain po
Resins
Resins are amorphous products of complex chemical nature. They are transparent or translucent solids, semi-solids or liquid substances containing large number of carbon atoms. They are hard, electrically non-conductive and combustible masses. They are usually formed in schizogenous or schizolysigenous cavities or ducts as end products of metabolism.
Most of the resins are heavier than water. They are insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, volatile oils, fixed oils, chloral hydrate and non-polar organic solvents like benzene and ether.
Ronnie Ppt.pptx
Vedant Pandit Shirsath's roll number is 58. He is studying Pharmacognocy and his topic is on Arjuna Bark under the guidance of his teacher Vishal Kushare sir at MVPS Institute of Pharmaceutical Science in Adgaon, Nashik. Arjuna Bark comes from the dried stem bark of Terminalia Arjuna Rob plant and contains less than 0.02% of arjungenin. It grows commonly in India and has astringent and cardioprotective properties. Arjuna Bark is used in herbal medicine, tanneries, and for timber.
sweetening and coloring agents
This document provides information about natural coloring and sweetening agents. It discusses various natural dyes derived from plants and insects that can be used as coloring agents, including turmeric, annatto, saffron, paprika, tomato, tagetus, safflower, henna, beet root, blood root, and cochineal. It also discusses the physiological properties and uses of these natural dyes. Additionally, it covers various natural sweeteners like stevioside, glycyrrhizin, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, thaumatin, monellins, honey, and maple syrup.
Tannin Containing Drugs.pptx
1. Pale catechu, black catechu, and pterocarpus are tannin-containing drugs used as astringents.
2. Pale catechu is prepared from leaves and shoots of Uncaria gambier, black catechu from heartwood of Acacia catechu, and pterocarpus from dried juice of Pterocarpus marsupium tree.
3. They contain tannins like catechins and catechu tannic acid which give them astringent properties useful for treating diarrhea and other conditions.
Herbal excipients
Definition, Functions of excipients, Ideal properties, Advantages, Disadvantages of herbal excipients, Classification of excipients
Natural colorants, Natural sweeteners, Natural binders, Natural diluents, Viscosity builders, Disintegrating agents, Natural perfumes & flavoring agents
Laxative
Pharmacognosy: Pharmacological grouping of Natural drugs: Laxitives, Senna, Rhubarb, Alloe, Ispaghula & Castor oil
Acacia
This document describes gum acacia (also known as gum arabic), which is a dried exudate obtained from the stems and branches of the Acacia senegal tree. The tree is found in parts of India, Africa, and the Middle East. Gum acacia is composed of complex carbohydrates that are soluble in water and form viscous solutions. It is used as a binding, suspending, emulsifying, and coating agent in foods and pharmaceuticals. Adulterants include gum ghatti and starches. The document provides details on the botanical source, chemical composition, identification tests, uses, and storage of gum acacia.
Resin.ppt
1. The document discusses several natural resins including benzoin, guggul, ginger, asafoetida, colophony, and myrrh.
2. For each resin, it provides the biological source, geographical source, chemical constituents, chemical tests, and common uses.
3. The resins are produced primarily by trees and plants as defensive secretions and have various traditional medical and cosmetic uses due to their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and pain-relieving properties.
ANTI-DIABETICS DRUGS - PTEROCARPUS AND GYMNEMA
Biological source, Chemical constituents and Therapeutic efficacy of the following category of crude drugs:
Pterocarpus
Gymnema
Tara gum
Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze, commonly known as tara (Quechua), is a small leguminous tree or thorny shrub native to Peru. C. spinosa is cultivated as a source of tannins based on a galloylated quinic acid structure. This chemical structure has been confirmed also by LC-MS.
CATECHU- BLACK AND PALE
Tannins are one of the most widely occuring group of natural substances in different families of higher plants. They are of two types-
1. Hydrolysable
2. Condensed
The catechu is an example of hydrolysable tannins which gets easily hydrolysed by action of enzymes and acids.
Resin Containing Drugs.pptx
This document provides information on 6 resin containing drugs - asafoetida, myrrh, ginger, colophony, guggul, and benzoin. For each drug, it describes the biological source, geographical source, cultivation/collection process, macroscopic and chemical properties, chemical tests, uses, and any adulterants. The chemical constituents of each drug are also outlined, with many containing volatile oils, resins, and gums. The document is intended to be an informational overview of the key details regarding these resin-based drugs.
Similar to PTEROCARPUS.pptx (20)
Active constituent of certain crude drugs: Pterocarpus marsupium
Active constituent of certain crude drugs: Pterocarpus marsupium
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Transverse Section Bark and Seed ( Cinchona, Cinnamon,Isapgol,Nux Vomica.pptx
Transverse Section Bark and Seed ( Cinchona, Cinnamon,Isapgol,Nux Vomica.pptx
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Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版西澳大学毕业证学历证书如何办理
原版定制【微信:741003700】《西澳大学毕业证学位证成绩单》【微信:741003700】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
REPORT-PRESENTATION BY CHIEF SECRETARY, ANDAMAN NICOBAR ADMINISTRATION IN OA ...
Green Tribunal Andaman
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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PTEROCARPUS.pptx
- 2. PTEROCARPUS By Arjun Sadhukhan :: Std. Id.: B20083
- 3. Synonyms Bijasal Indian kino tree, Red sandal wood. Malabar kino are Rakta chandan. Biological Source It consists of the dried juice of the plant Pterocarpus marsupium. family Leguminosae Geographical Distribution It is found in hilly regions of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Orissa. It is alsound in forests of Karnal, Kerala, West Bengal and Assam.
- 4. Macroscopic Characters • Colour: ruby-red • Odour: odourless • Taste: Astringent • Size: 3-10 mm granules • Shape: angular grains Extra Features Shape: Angular, glistening, transparent, breaking with vitreous fracture. Solubility: It is partly soluble in water (about plant in 80- 90 per cent), completely soluble in alcohol (90 per cent).
- 5. Chemical Constituents Kino contains about 70-80 per cent of kinotannic acid, kino-red, k-pyrocatechin (catechol), in and Gallic acid. Kinotannic acid is glucosidal tannin, while kino-red is anhydride of kinoin. Kinoin is an insoluble phlobaphene and is produced by the action of oxidase enzyme. It is darker in colour than kinotannic acid. Crystalline principle santal, pterocarpin and homopterocarpin are also present in the wood. If the juice is boiled during drying, enzyme gets destroyed and thus, insolubilisation and darkening is prevented.
- 6. Identification 1. When the solution of drug is treated with ferrous sulphate, green colour is produced. 2. With alkali (like potassium hydroxide) violet colour is produced. 3. With mineral acid, a precipitate is obtained. Standards of Quality Water soluble extractives: Not less than 18.75 per cent Alcohol insoluble extractives: Not more than 80.0 per cent
- 7. Uses Pharmaceutical Astringent Diarrhoea Dysentery Haemorrhage Toothache Diabetes Industrial Printing Tanning Dyeing
- 8. Thank You