Drugs containing oleo resins and oleo gum resins.

1. RESIN CONTAINING DRUGS
Benzoin, Guggul, Ginger, Asafoetida, Myrrh, Colophony
BY:
Dr. Rakesh Barik

2. Synonyms– Heeng, hing,hingu
Biological source - It is the oleo-gum-
resin obtained by incising the rhizomes
and roots of Ferula foetida, Ferula
asafoetida, belonging to family
Umbeliferae
Geographical source:-Grown in
Iran , Turkestan & Afghanistan.

3. Cultivation & Collection:-
Perennial plant
From March-April ,just before the flowering
season of plant , upper part of the roots , close to
the crown is cut off.
Milky juice oozes out the cut surface & coagulates
After few days the coagulated matter is scraped off
& fresh cuts are given for more exudates.
This process repeates until the plant ceases to
produce latex.

4. Structure:-
Macroscopy:
color-yellowih white –
reddish brown
odour-intense
taste- bitter
size- 0.5 -3cm(diameter)
shape-2 forms tears(round / flat) &
masses

5. Chemical constituents
Resins (40 -65%), Gums (20 -25%), volatile oils (4 - 20%). The resin
contains asarecinotanol either in free form or combined with ferulic
acid.
Free umbeliferone is absent in F. foetida but present in Galbanum, an
oleo gum resin obtained from F. galbaniflua.
The flavour is largely due to R-2-butyl-l-propenyl disulphide and 2-
butyl-3-methylthioallyl disulphide (both as mixtures of
diastereoisomers).
The drug also contains a complex mixture of sesquiterpene umbelliferyl
ethers mostly with a monocyclic or bicyclic terpenoid moiety. Resin
consists of ester of asaresinotannol and ferulic acid, pinene, vanillin and
free ferulic acid. On treatment of ferulic acid with hydrochloric acid, it
is converted into umbelliferone (a coumarin) which gives blue
fluorescence with ammonia.

6. Chemical tests:-
Trituration with water gives a yellowish orange emulsion.
Drug + HNO3 (50%) gives green color change.
Fractured surface of the drug treated with sulfuric acid gives
red or reddish brown color.
Umbeliferone test:
The drug is triturated with sand and 5 ml of HCl is added.
Equal amount of water is added and mixed. It is filtered. To
the filtrate equal amount of ammonia is added. Blue color
fluorescence is obtained due to umbeliferone. Distinction
from galbanum which directly gives blue fluorescence
without trituration with sand.

7. Uses:-
Carminative ,nervine stimulant , intestinal
flatulence, laxative ,anti spasmodic, flavouring agent.
Adulterants :
Asafoetida is adulterated with gum arabic, gypsum, red
clay ,chalk ,slices of potato & barley or wheat flour.

8. Marketedproducts:-
Ingredient of preparations known as
Madhudoshantak (Jamuna Pharma)

9. .
Synonyms:- Gum-resin Myrrh ,Bol ,Myrrha.
Biological source:- It is an oleogum resin obtained
from the stem of Commiphora molmol Engler,
belonging to family Burseraceae.
Geographical Source: It is found in Arabian Peninsula,
Africa.

10. Cultivation & Collection:-
When incisions are made in bark of tree ,they exudate
yellowish – coloured resin
It gradually hardens & becomes dark /reddish
brown .
This is collected in goat skins & sent to market

11. Structure:-
Macroscopy:
Color-reddish brown
Odour- aromatic
Size- 1.5- 3cm(diameter)
Shape-round/irregular

12. Chemicalconstituents:-
contains volatile oils – 10%
gum – 60%
resin – 25 -40%
Chemical test:-
Triturate with water
Identification test:-
yellowish brown
0.1g of sample +0.1g sand, triturate with
solvent , allow to evaporate thin film
gives violet colour.

13. Uses:-
Stimulant & antiseptic
Adulterants & substituents:-
Substituted by Arabian myrrh
Marketed products:-
Ingredient in preparation of Yograj guggulu
(Baidyanath)

14. Synonyms:- Rhizome zingiberis, Zingibere, Adrak, Allam
Biological source:- It consists of thedriedpeeledorunpeeled
rhizomes of Zingiber officinalis belonging o
family Zingiberaceae.
Geographical source:-
Found in West Indies, India, Japan, Africa.

15. Cultivation & Collection:-
cultivated as kharif crop
Soil:loamy soil
Irrigation: heavy water supply
Climate:humid
Ginger
plants
Cultivated in
a field

16. Cultivation & Collection:-
Sow the rhizomes (living bud) under sufficient
rainfall conditions
Supplement the plant with manures &
fertilisers(ammonium phosphate ,potash etc.,)
After 6 months leaves turn yellow & ready for
harvesting.
Dig the rhizomes & scrap , dry them & coat with
calcium sulphate

17. Cultivation of ginger…..

18. Structure:-
Macroscopy:
colour- buff colour
odour- aromatic
taste- pungent
size-15cm(length) , 1.5-6.5cm(width)
shape- short flat & ovate
Chemicalconstituents:-
Contains volatile oils 1-2% (α -zingiberol, α –bisabolene
etc,) resin 5-8%.

19. Uses:-
used as antiemetic,carminative,condiment.
Adulterants :-
Ginger is adultered with exhausted ginger & can be
detected by determination of water – soluble ash,
volatile oil contents etc.
Marketed products:
J.p syrup (Jamuna pharma)
Hajmola(Dabur)

20. Synonyms:- Gum guggul, salai-guggul, scented
bdellium.
Biological source:- it is the oleo gum resin obtained by
making incisions in the stem bark of Commiphora
weightii, belonging to family Burseraceae.
Geographical source:- Found in India

21. Collection:-
Guggul tree is a small thorny tree 4- 6 feet with tall
branches
Planted in hedges sometimes. remains without any
foilage for most of the year
It has ash coloured bark & comes off in rough flakes
exposing inner bark
This exudes a yellowish resin called gum guggul
/guggulu which has balsamic odour
Collected & dried

22. Structure:
Macroscopy
Colour - brown to
pale yellow/dull green
Odour - aromatic
Taste - bitter
Size - 0.5 to 1.000 to 2.5cm in diameter
Shape - round/irregular
Solubility – insoluble in water
partly soluble in alcohol

23. Chemicalconstituents:-
Contains
steroids ,terpenoids ,
carbohydrates &
aliphatic esters.
Uses:-
Used Anti – infammatory & Anti – rheumatic.
Marketed product:-

24. COLOPHONY
Synonyms– Chir, long needle pine
Biological source –
Colophony is the solid residue obtained
after distilling the oleo-resin from various
species of Pinus- Pinus longifolia, Pinus
palustris, Pinus maritima.
Family - Pinaceae

25. Cultivation & collection:-
The plant is injuried by making a long groove
/ blaze in the bark.
A metal / earthen ware cup is attached
below the groove to collect the exudate.
The resin is collected at different intervals &
sent for processing.

26. Structure:-
Macroscopy:
color - pale yellow - yellowish brown
odour - faint
taste - turpentine
shape - angular
solubility – insoluble in water,
soluble in alcohol, CS2.
Chemicalconstituents:-
Contains resin acid 90%(isomeric α, β,
γ-abietic acid; 10% mixture of dihydroabietic
acid,dehydroabietic acid)
volatile oils 0.5%
resenes 5-6%

27. Chemical tests:-
 Powdered resin + acetic acid +conc.H2SO4
purple violet colour
 Alc. Solution of colophony + water
milky white
Identificationtests:-
 1g colophony + 10ml acetic anhydride
& +H2SO4 bright red to violet
 Alc. Solution of colophony is acidic to
litmus

28. Uses :-
used as stimulant, diuretic. Used in
manufacture of varnishes, soap, plastics, fire
wood.
Adulterants & substituents:-
colophony is adulterated with black
resin/apic resin.

29. Synonyms –
Gum benzoin, Luban, Loban, Sambrani, Lobana (Sumatra
benzoin)
Biological source- Benzoin isthe balsamic resin obtained from the
incisedstem of Styrax benzoin, Styrax paralleloneurus
(Sumatra Benzoin), Family – Styraceae
S
iam benzoin – It cons
istsof balsamicresin of S
tyrax tonkinensis,
Family - Styraceae

30. Geographicalsource:-
Sumatra benzoin- Found in South Eastern
Asia.
Siam benzoin- Found in Thailand,
Vietnam.

31. Cultivation & collection:-
It is a pathological resin, collected from wild/cultivated
trees(6 yrs old)
Incisions are made near the base of tree
Initially amorphous & yellow resinous substances is
oozed out – not used in medicine
The Next flow which oozes out is collected & used
in medicine
Solidified & dried.

32. Structure:-
macroscopic:
Sumatra benzoin
Colour – greyish- brown
Odour – aromatic
Taste – sweetish
Siam benzoin
Colour – yellowish-brown
Odour – vanilla
Taste - sweetish

33. Chemicalconstituents:-
Sumatra Benzoin –
contains
free balsamic acids (benzoic&
cinnamic acid)
summaresinolic & siaresinolic acids
Siam Benzoin –contains ester
coniferyl benzoate(76%)
 Siam benzoin differ from Sumatra in containing
sufficient cinnamic acid to give an odour of
benzaldehyde.

34. Chemical tests:-
 Alc. Solution benzoin + water
4ml KMnO4 + Benzoin + warm benzaladehyde
(sumatra benzoin)
2.5g benzoin + 10 ml ether+ shake
milky white
solution
odour of
+ 2-3 drops H2SO4 deep brown (sumatra) &
deep purple red (siam)

35. Uses:-
Used as carminative , diuretic.
Marketed product:-