psychoanalytical Criticism

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Psychoanalytical Criticism

2. Psychoanalytical criticism is a type of criticism that uses theories
of psychology to analyze literature. It focuses on the author’s
state of mind or the state of the mind of fictional characters.
Sigismund Freud (1856-1939), was an Austrian neurologist usually
credited with creating psychoanalytic theory and, by extension,
psychiatric therapy. Freud believed that unconscious sexual drives were
the basis for all human behavior, and that dreams were an important
indicator for understanding human behavior.
Sigmund Freud

3. It's all in your head!

4. Sigmund Freud - History
Developed the theory of human mind and human behavior as
well as clinical techniques for attempting to cure
psychopathology.
• The goal of Freudian therapy, or psychoanalysis : to bring
consciousness, repressed thoughts, and feelings.
• Theory of Unconscious Mind: suggested that such
declarations of free will are in fact delusions; that we are not
entirely aware of what we think and often act for reasons that
have little to do with our conscious thoughts. He proposed that
awareness existed in layers and that some thoughts occurred
"below the surface."

6. Sigmund Freud - Theory

7. The Freudian Mind
The conscious mind is the part of the mind that interacts
with the outside world. It is the decisions we make and the
Actual thinking we do.
The unconscious mind is made up of the impulses and
instincts that dictate our behavior without us knowing about it;
Freud believed these impulses were driven by sexuality, Jung
Believed they were driven by cultural archetypes, and some
Other psychologists believe the unconscious mind to be made
of drives for power, for love, or for any other number of
impulses.

8. The Three Tiers of “Self”
The ID seeks pleasure and avoids pain; we normally associate inborn
instincts (such as the behaviors of an infant or an animal) with the id.
The EGO seeks to placate the id, but in a way that will ensure long-term
benefits (such as trying to get what the id wants without breaking
laws or social standards). Mediates between the id and reality.
Maintains our “self – how we see our “self” and wish others to see it.
The SUPER-EGO is a lot like a conscience – it punishes misbehavior
with feelings of guilt. Since the super-ego is concerned with societal
norms, it stands in opposition to the id. The development of an
individual’s super-ego replaces a parent’s discipline.

9. The id is source of our instinctual and physical desires.
The superego is the part of the psyche that has internalized the norms and
mores of society.
The ego is keeps mediating between the demands of the id and the
superego. It is rational, logical, and conscious.
Conscious
Current contents of your mind that you actively think of
•What we call working memory
•Easily accessed all the time
Preconscious
•Contents of the mind you are not currently aware of
•Thoughts, memories, knowledge, wishes, feelings
•Available for easy access when needed
Unconscious
Contents kept out of conscious awareness
•Not accessible at all
•Processes that actively keep these thoughts from awareness

10. Conflicts of Personality Components
Conflicts between the Id, Superego and Ego arise
In unconscious mind
Can’t be reached in unconscious
Come out in various ways
– Slips of tongue (“Freudian slip”)
– Dreams
– Jokes
– Anxiety
– Defense Mechanisms

11. Carl Gustav Jung and Jungian
literary Criticism
Jung developed the theory of the collective unconscious, a
collection of shared unconscious memories dating back to
The origins of human experience and manifested in dreams,
myths, and literature.
A great work of literature is not a disguised expression of
repressed wishes, but a manifestation of the desires one
Held by the whole human race, and now repressed because
of the advent of civilization.
Jungian analysis of literature tries to discover the images
in a work of literature that a permanent and universal
significance.

12. Carl Jung - Archetypes
Archetypes are patterns which exist at the subconscious level

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