Binary oposition
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This document provides information about binary oppositions including: - A definition of binary opposition as a pair of related terms that are opposites in meaning, such as positive-negative. - The origins of binary opposition in Saussurean structuralist theory where units have meaning based on their relation to another term. - Examples of binaries in literature, religion, and society including male-female, hero-villain, heaven-hell, and obedience-disobedience. - How authors use binaries to explore differences between groups and the problems that can arise from rigid categorization, as shown in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series.
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Literature – Critical Theory & Critical Perspectives
What is literary or critical theory? What is meant by “critical perspective”?
The terms ―literary theory‖ and ―critical theory‖ refer to essentially the same fields of study. They
both address ways of looking at literature beyond the typical plot-theme-character- setting
studies. Just as a PERSPECTIVE is a way of looking at something, a CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE is a
way of criticizing or analyzing literature. Your CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE is the view you bring to the
literature you read.
How and why did literary theories develop?
We all know that different people will experience the same event differently. It follows, then,
that different people will approach the same literary text differently. One person may be
offended by a character’s actions, while another finds them comic. One reader is energized
by a story’s political implications, while another is awed by the same story’s philosophical bent.
Literary theories emerged as ways to explain different people’s views and responses to
literature. Rather than insisting that one view is the best or correct view, literary theory attempts
to find value in all views that are based on a careful study of the literature.
What are the benefits of studying a work from more than one critical perspective?
There are several benefits:
One of the views is likely to affirm your perspective and speak to what you see in the
literature you are studying.
Studying a view different from yours—not to disagree with it, but to understand it—helps
you understand those who hold that view.
Studying a work from more than one view gives you a deeper understanding of the
author’s work and a better appreciation for the richness of it.
What does studying a work from multiple critical perspectives involve?
Essentially, all you have to do to study a work from more than one critical perspective is to put
your own view on hold and entertain the other view. Although you may be a staunch green-
thinker, you now ask yourself, ―What would a yellow-thinker see in this work?‖
What does studying a work from multiple critical perspectives not involve?
First and foremost, studying a work from multiple critical perspectives does not require that you
agree with any of the perspectives you study. You are not being asked to become a yellow-
thinker, only to consider—without criticism and judgment—what a yellow-thinker would see in
the text. Second, studying a work from multiple critical perspectives does not require that you
blend or merge two or more perspectives into a single interpretation. Some of the points of
some of the theories are actually mutually exclusive and cannot be reconciled. While
examining a work from the feminist perspective, you do not need to take into account what a
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The document provides an overview of various approaches to literary criticism, including formalism and close reading, Marxist criticism, feminist criticism, psychoanalytic theory, postcolonial criticism, and integrating critical theory into pedagogy. It defines each approach and provides examples of questions critics may ask and suggested texts to analyze using that lens. The importance of literary criticism is that it expands one's worldview, helps understand literature better, provides opportunities for new writing styles, and supports critical thinking skill development.
Contemporary Literary Theory _ Study Material
I hope, it is quite helpful for the beginner to understand the concept of contemporary Literary theory. Students can take the help to study and understand the basics of contemporary literary theory. It includes concise concepts, tenets and components to make the strategic study for competitive examination at one specific study material.
Asha vala
This document provides biographical information about Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, an Indian literary theorist best known for her work on postcolonialism and subaltern studies. It discusses her most influential work "Can the Subaltern Speak?" in which she examines the lack of representation of the practice of sati and whether subaltern groups can express themselves. The document also defines the term "subaltern" in postcolonial theory and provides examples of how different social formations construct dominant and subaltern groups through various ideologies like class, empire, gender, and nationalism.
1. In a well-developed paragraph of 6-8 sentences, write a paragra.docx
1. In a well-developed paragraph of 6-8 sentences, write a paragraph in which you answer one of the prompts below. Please incorporate a quotation from both the play and the language from the critical methodology text
2. SELECT A 2nd PROMPT TO RESPOND TO IN A WELL-DEVELOPED PARAGRAPH OR 6-8 SENTENCES.
Please see
TOPIC OPTIONS
below.
Please review the
overview of critical methodologies
(BELOW)
For more information on Critical Methodologies, please read the introduction to the Critical Methodologies
Overview of Critical Methodologies
Imagine 3 pairs of glasses, and each pair of glasses represents a different “lens” through which the wearer of the glasses can view the world. Same world...different view based on the color of the lens.
Critical methodologies (also known as critical approaches) function in the same way. In a nutshell, critical methodologies are different LENSES through which a reader can examine a particular text (short story, poem, play, novel, etc.). Alison Booth and Kelly J. Mays, the editors of our textbook, classify critical approaches into four major categories:
Critical approaches that emphasize the text,
Critical approaches that emphasize the source,
Critical approaches that emphasize the receiver, and
Critical approaches that highlight historical and ideological criticism.
Each major category houses a number of critical approaches.
Emphasis on the Text - This approach limits the consideration of outside elements- author background, social factors, etc.
New Criticism - does not take into consideration source (author) or reader (you)
Structuralism
Poststructuralism
Deconstruction
Narrative Theory
Emphasis on the Source - This approach takes into consideration the author and author’s intention in writing the work.
Biographical Criticism
Example: Lorraine Hansberry’s personally experience fighting restrictive covenants
Example: Toni Morrison’s own journey of racial self-discovery in the South
Psychoanalytic Criticism (Freudian, Jungian and Myth, and Lacanian)
Freudian - our human psyches share similar histories)
Jungian -
the concept of the universal conscious/collective unconscious
universal patterns and forms of human experiences known as “archetypes.”
examples: rebirth story, hero’s quest, doubling, etc.
Northrop Frye - archetypal criticism
Big question: Are there “shared, fundamental truths” that cross the boundaries of race, culture, nationality? Examples - Flood myth
Emphasis on the Receiver -The emphasis of this approach is the way in which the reader “receives,” interprets, and appreciates the text.
Reader-Response Criticism
Historical and Ideological Criticism - This approach takes into consideration the historical and cultural context(s) of a work.
Marxist Criticism
Feminist Criticism
Gender Studies and Queer Theory
African American and Ethnic Literary Studies
New Historicism
Cultural Studies
Postcolonial .
Read two articles Defeating the Critics What We Can Do About th.docx
Read two articles: “Defeating the Critics: What We Can Do About the Anti-Romance Bias” and “ ‘I’m a Feminist, But…’ Popular Romance in the Women’s Literature Classroom” to finish homework 1 and 2.
Link for “Defeating the Critics: What We Can Do About the Anti-Romance Bias”: http://jennycrusie.com/non-fiction/essays/defeating-the-critics-what-we-can-do-about-the-anti-romance-bias/
Article “‘I’m a Feminist, But…’ Popular Romance in the Women’s Literature Classroom” is PDF that I send to you.
Homework 1
Look at Crusie's article, "Defeating the Critics;" specifically, the introduction and her first point that "romance fiction says that women are primary not supporting characters, equal to men in power, intelligence, and ability" (Crusie). We are going to do a little bit of creative thinking to apply some of what she talks about.
After you read the article in its entirety and review the beginning and first point, imagine you are an English literature professor teaching a "Popular 20th Century American Literature" class. One day in class, a female student asks your opinion of romance novels.
Your post for this forum will be your response to her, based on the following fact: you don't like romance novels, and have made a conscious choice not to teach them.
I leave the reasons why you, as your professor "character," doesn't teach popular romance novels up to you. In your post, make sure you convey the reasons why the professor don't teach them, and his/her general opinions of them.
You can write just the response, or what your "character" would say with an explanation as to why s/he would make this response, if it isn't apparent from the response itself. It may be fun and helpful to think a little bit about what kind of person your character is -- what is his/her background? What does s/he do for fun? What does s/he read? What kind of teacher is s/he? You can talk about these points explicitly or you can let your response convey who your character is.
The simple form my classmate:
“Today one of my student asked me: "why won't you talk about romance novels since we are talking about Popular 20th Century American Literature? it is such a large and popular genre!"
"Yes it is, but it is also such a controversial genre. Mostly because the majority of them are what I would call "friction". Most romance novels are trying to carry too much things beyond them, which made them untrue. Besides that, everyone has there own definition of love, it is such a personal issue, and romance novel are just one person's perspective that is too narrow a for such a big topic to define. Just because romance novel is such a huge genre, if I choose to talk one novels or only a few, we will have some people disagree with them and complain about there are other works that are different, but if we spend more time talk about the genre, then there is too much issue will be brought up. So due the complexity and controversy of this genre, I would not bring this genre into our topic ...
Hybridity in Midnight's Children
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Critical lenses final posters_claxton
The document outlines several literary criticism approaches: Feminist criticism examines gender relations and patriarchy. Marxist criticism views literature through class struggles. New Criticism analyzes language and form separate from history. Moral criticism evaluates a work's moral message. Psychoanalytic criticism investigates psychology and consciousness. New Historicism places a work in its historical context. Reader response focuses on the reader's experience rather than authorial intent. Colonialism criticism addresses power dynamics between colonizers and colonized peoples.
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Structuralism and Poststructuralism.pptx
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Literary criticism
This document provides information on several literary criticism theories: formalism, reader response, archetypal criticism, feminist criticism, and Marxist criticism. It summarizes the key aspects and tenets of each theory, including their strengths and weaknesses. For each theory, it also provides example questions that could be asked when applying that theory to analyze a literary text.
Literary criticism powerpoint
This document provides an overview of 5 major types of literary criticism: formalism, reader response, archetypal, feminist, and Marxist criticism. It describes the key concepts and approaches of each type of criticism, provides examples of the types of questions critics using each approach may ask, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.
"Commonwealth Literature Does Not Exist" in Imaginary Homelands"
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Cultural studies and The subalten
Here I am sharing my presentation of paper no- 8. It is a part of my academic activity. it is submitted to department of English MKBU.
Document90 (2).pdf
This document provides an overview of how literary theory can be used to understand and interpret literature. It discusses two specific theories - New Criticism and Feminist Criticism - and how each emerged to address problems in traditional literary analysis. New Criticism focused on close reading of texts themselves rather than external contexts, while Feminist Criticism seeks to understand gender inequality and ways women are oppressed in patriarchal societies by examining portrayals and power dynamics between male and female characters. The document also briefly summarizes the historical context of Guy de Maupassant's short story "The Necklace" and provides rationale for analyzing it using these two theories.
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Binary oposition
- 1. Name:-Heerva Bhatt Course :-M.A.(Sem.2) Paper no.:-7 (Literary theory and criticism The 20th Western &Indian Poetics-2) Roll no.:-11 Batch:-2017-2019 Email Id:-heervabhatt96@gmail.com Submitted to :-Smt.S.B.Gardi Department of English, Bhavnagar.
- 2. Definition :- A Binary oposition is a pair of related terms or concepts that are opposite in meaning. EXAMPLE :- ■Positive-Negative ■Male-Female ■Hero-Villain ■Handsome-Ugly
- 3. History:- • Originated in Saussurean structuralist theory; ●The binary Oposition is the means by which the units of language have value or meaning. ●Each unit is defined in reciprocal determination with another term. ●It is not a contradictory relation but,a structuralist, complementary one. • Sign’s meaning is derived from its context:- Example:- One can’t conceive of ‘good‘if we don’t understand ‘evil’.
- 4. Concept of Binaries in Islam:- • Originated from the very first day the world was created ■Creation of Adam and Bint-e-Hawa. ■Angel and devil ■Concept of Heaven and Hell ■Obedience and Disobedience ■Halal and Haram ■Reward and Punishment ■Birth and Death
- 5. According to Jacques Derrida; Meaning in the west is defined in terms of Binary Opositions, “A violent hierarchy” Where “One of the two terms governs the other.” Example Within the white/black binary opposition in the United States.
- 6. ● Binary oposition in Literature :- The Problems with system of Binary Opositions; □Boundaries between groups of people. □Leads to prejudice and discrimination. In Literature; • Authors use to explore differences between groups of individuals , such as cultural ,class or Gender differences. • What can result from those perceived differences?
- 7. ■ Use of Binaries in Literature : Ex. J.K.Rowling’s Novel , “Harry Potter” : • These are two major groups : The Magical community and Non-Magical Community. • The Muggle-born and half-bloods. • The Evil wizard Lord Voldemort. • The Use of Dark magic.
- 8. • Through this novel J.K.Rowling; ■Shows the dangers of creating such categorizations within society. Consider this image of a poster; ■ ‘Only one can survive’,reinfonforcing the idea of Binary Oposition.
- 9. Conclusion :- • Two word related in terms of opposites are binary oppositions. • Structralism says a word is defined of the basis of its opposite word. • In Literature authors have tried to explain the outcomes of Binary opposition in the society. • What we conclude is ; “Binary Oppositions are the backbone of any language,culture and philosophy.”
- 10. Thank You.