Mind mapping and brainstorming are effective techniques for generating ideas. Mind mapping creates a visual representation of ideas and their relationships, with concepts written or drawn around a central topic and connected with lines or arrows. Brainstorming involves generating many ideas within a group in a non-judgmental environment, typically lasting 15-45 minutes. Both techniques encourage creativity and building on others' ideas without criticism to develop potential solutions.

1. Brainstorming
Mind Mapping
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2. Brainstorming is a process carried out to generate ideas within a group which is
done in the initial stages of a project. It paves way to unleash many creative
ideas in a non-judgemental environment. An effective brainstorming session will
last anywhere between 15 and 45 minutes. An ideal time frame would be 30
minutes. The size of a group may vary from four to eight members. Instructions
to be followed during brainstorming:
1. Articulate the research topic clearly to the group members.
2. Encourage the generation of creative ideas.
3. Accept every idea discussed in the group.
.
Brainstorming:

3. 4. Do not abstain from any idea.
5. Do not criticize or evaluate ideas.
6. Try to build upon the ideas.
7. Record ideas accurately.
8. Evaluate the brainstorming session.

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7. Mind Mapping:
Mind Mapping is one of the effective forms of Brainstorming. A mind map
gives a visual representation to our ideas and concepts. This visual tool
will 7 help us structure our ideas in an enhanced way. The visual
representation of ideas will promote a better analysis, comprehension and
synthesis of the ideas. The use of different words, images, colors to
highlight or to differentiate the ideas will give a visual appeal to our
thought. Mind Map can be created on a paper or digitally using different
visual mapping software's. There are many websites that help us construct
mind map digitally. Instructions to generate a Mind Map:
1. Write the research topic in the centre of a blank sheet.
2. Jot down the sub topics around the research topic.
3. Repeat the same process for generating the associated ideas to the
subtopics.

8. 4. Do not filter out ideas.
5. Keep the topics and ideas as short as possible.
6. Determine how the ideas are associated with the sub
topics and how the subtopics are linked to the given
research topic.
7. Identify the relationships between the ideas and
between the subtopics and the research topic with lines
or arrows.
8. Use of images and different colors will add effect to
your mind map.
9. Reorganize the ideas using the identified
relationships.

11. Sketch the mind map of the following topic and do a brainstorming discussion
to arrive at a concrete solution.
Political parties are essential to the smooth functioning of democracy.
They are the watchdogs and policy makers in a government setup. In
the democratic setup there will be a ruling party and an opposition
party. In a coalition government, if no one party gets a majority,
alliances are formed and this coalition rules the nation or state.
Generally, there are three types of party system- single party system,
biparty system or two -party system and multiparty system.
In a single party system, the electorate has no choice but to be governed by a
single party. In a biparty system, the people can have the option between
choosing two political parties as to who should govern. If one-party governs, the
other becomes the opposition. In a multi-party system, there are more than two
political parties and the electorate has a wider choice. In a multi-party system,
multiple voices resonate with regard to the pros and the cons taken regarding a
government policy. Taking into account the role played by various political
parties, we can understand that each has got its merits and demerits.