The document discusses several topics related to comprehending sounds and language, including: - Language comprehension involves understanding complex linguistics and recognizing sequences. - The brain resolves imperfections in speech through phoneme restoration, and comprehension is influenced by slight changes. - Voice-onset time is the time between a stop consonant's release and the onset of vocal fold vibration. - Categorical perception divides speech into phonemes through careful listening and learning. - Parallel distributed processing emphasizes neurons operating in parallel while storing information distributed across connections.

1. The comprehension of Sounds
Presented By:-
Hasan Ali
Supervisor :
Mr.Tahsin

2. Basically LanguageComprehension is
understanding and listening really carefully to
it’s complex linguistics. Understanding
Language is an automatic process of task So
comprehension seems to be the recognition of
it’s sequence.
UnderstandingWhatWeHearAndRead

3. The phoneme restoration effect is the brain's
way of resolving those imperfections in our
speech, In one psycholinguistic observation
sentences would be played to listeners who
would have to find out the key word to
complete the sentence in this experiment they
came to conclusion that comprehension is
strongly influenced by even the slightest of
changes

4. In phonetics, voice-onset time (VOT) is
a feature of the production of stop
consonants. It is defined as the length
of time that passes between the release
of a stop consonant and the onset of
voicing, the vibration of the vocal folds
Voice-OnsetTiming spectrograms for
English. For Example: "die" and "tie".

5. Categorical perception Is based
on listening carefully to the
speech and finding or dividing
The sentence into itscorrect
phonemes of any language its
induced by learning.

6. What is Modular ?

7. parallel distributed processing, which
emphasizes two important features. First, a
large number of relatively simple processors—
the neurons—operate in parallel. Second,
neural networks store information in a
distributed fashion, with each individual
connection participating in the storage of
many different items of information.

8. The logogen model is a model of speech
recognition that uses units called "logogens" to
explain how humans comprehend spoken or
written words. Logogens are a vast number of
specialized recognition units, each able to
recognize one specific word.This model
provides for the effects of context on word
recognition.

9. The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (TOT), is
the failure to retrieve a word from memoryThe
phenomenon's name comes from the saying,
"It's on the tip of my tongue the tip-of-the-
tongue phenomenon can often recall one or
more features of the target word, such as the
first letter, its syllabic stress, and words similar
in sound and/or meaning

10. In language studies, the observation that,
when trying to remember a word or name,
people find it easier to recall the beginning
and end of a lost item than the middle
The 'bathtub effect' is perhaps the most
commonly reported finding in the literature
on memory for words.

11. showing the main parts of
something usually in the form of a
simple drawing or diagram can be
useful because they allow us to take
shortcuts in interpreting the vast
amount of information that is
available in our environment.

12. Spreading activation is a method for searching
associative networks, Spreading activation is a model
of working memory, also known as short-term
memory, that seeks to explain how the mind
processes related ideas is the observable
phenomenon that a person is able to more quickly
recall information about a subject once a related
concept has been introduced. According to this
model, long-term memory consists of a vast,
interrelated network of concepts.