The Psychology and Neurology of Substance Related DisordersRaymond Zakhari
New York City Chapter Men In Nursing Conference 2016 an overview (includes specific information regarding marijuana, stimulants, hallucinogens, depressants)
The Psychology and Neurology of Substance Related DisordersRaymond Zakhari
New York City Chapter Men In Nursing Conference 2016 an overview (includes specific information regarding marijuana, stimulants, hallucinogens, depressants)
Its defined as patterns of drinking or using drugs (prescription and illicit) that result in harm to a person’s health, well-being, relationships, and productivity. A person who abuses drugs and alcohol is not necessarily an addict. However, abuse of these substances is a risk factor for developing an addiction because continuous abuse can lead to physical and psychological dependence.
Alcoholics Anonymous AA
Alcoholics Anonymous, often referred to simply as AA, is an international fellowship of people working together to overcome their addictions to alcohol.
Aims of the Week
To raise awareness of Mental Health conditions
To remove the stigma attached to having a Mental Illness
To encourage others to speak freely of Mental Health
To offer advice, information and support across college
daily drug addiction is increasing at a higher rate.. and simply we all need to stop this if we want ourselves to live longer and healthier and also if we want any other relative of our who is addicted towards this..we need to stop this...and we need to create awareness against taking drugs...drugs in medicines are ok because they are used in it in a proper amount but drugs directly...HELL! IT CAN SNATCH YOUR LIFE JUST AWAY FROM YOUR BODY !
Its defined as patterns of drinking or using drugs (prescription and illicit) that result in harm to a person’s health, well-being, relationships, and productivity. A person who abuses drugs and alcohol is not necessarily an addict. However, abuse of these substances is a risk factor for developing an addiction because continuous abuse can lead to physical and psychological dependence.
Alcoholics Anonymous AA
Alcoholics Anonymous, often referred to simply as AA, is an international fellowship of people working together to overcome their addictions to alcohol.
Aims of the Week
To raise awareness of Mental Health conditions
To remove the stigma attached to having a Mental Illness
To encourage others to speak freely of Mental Health
To offer advice, information and support across college
daily drug addiction is increasing at a higher rate.. and simply we all need to stop this if we want ourselves to live longer and healthier and also if we want any other relative of our who is addicted towards this..we need to stop this...and we need to create awareness against taking drugs...drugs in medicines are ok because they are used in it in a proper amount but drugs directly...HELL! IT CAN SNATCH YOUR LIFE JUST AWAY FROM YOUR BODY !
the material discuss about a medical condition that has to deal with sexual development. in different stages of development, there is a need for gender identity and role, if there is a problem with any of these 2, there will be a problem with the sex assignment which will have an effect on the external genitalia sex. if all these pathway fall apart, there will be a condition called hermaphroditism which may be true or false. the material is exclusive on the topic
A feminist viewpoint of evolutionary psychology: asks whether the study of mate choice could do with more female voices and ideas. The tone is relatively lighthearted, and intended to encourage debate in evolutionary psychology
Teenage is a person between 13 to 18 years old. ¨The word puberty is derived from the Latin pubertas, which means adulthood. ¨Puberty is initiated by hormonal changes triggered by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus, which stimulates the pituitary gland, which in turn activates other glands as well.
¨These changes begin about a year before any of their results are visible. ¨Both the male reproductive hormone testosterone and female hormone estrogen are present in children of both sexes.
In this seminar I will be covering the sexual problems that teenagers go through and find it difficult to deal with.
Its will cover various topics like
1. How parents discuss body parts
2. Hormonal glands and hoe sexual organs develop.
3. Growth and development in an adolescent
4. Does maturing early or late have a life long effect?
5. Is there a right time for discussing sexuality?
6. Period problems
7. Poly cystic ovaries
8. Wet dreams
9. Erectile dysfunction
2. 2
Break out groups
• Who is more likely to get lost?
• Who is more able to describe a room
accurately with their eyes closed?
• Who cheats more in relationships?
• Who are better drivers?
3. 3
• Who remembers arguments with their
significant other more?
• Who is more aggressive?
• Who has the larger brain?
• Who makes less eye contact
4. 4
• Who is more susceptible to depression?
• In people aged 40-59 which gender was more likely to
state dissatisfaction with their sex life?
• Who has the most variation in personality? (This is
across species)
• Who has more difficulty returning to homeostasis after
a stressful event?
5. Studies Suggest Males Have More
Personality
• ScienceDaily (Nov. 19, 2009) — “Males have more
pronounced personalities than females across a range
of species -- from humans to house sparrows --
according to new research.”
• They also have more predictable behavior.
5
6. • “…Neuroscientists consistently found
differences between the men's stressed-out
brains and the women's.
• Men responded with increased blood flow to
the right prefrontal cortex, responsible for
"fight or flight."
• Women had increased blood flow to the limbic
system, which is also associated with a more
nurturing and friendly response. Women tend
and befriend.
6
7. 7
Introduction
• Sex:
– The biological classification based on
genetic composition, anatomy, & hormones.
• Gender
– The psychological & social phenomena
associated with being feminine or masculine
as these concepts are defined in a given
culture.
8. 8
• Hermaphrodites:
– Both ovarian & testicular tissues.
– Example:
– Lynn Edward Harris, born Lynn Elizabeth Harris, 09/13/50,
California
– November 8th, 1973 at age 23 Harris was diagnosed
• undescended, sub-sized ovotestes
• Due to ambiguously-formed genitalia at birth [stunted
penis; divided scrotum; and vagina], assigned "female" by
both parents and pediatrician, was raised as such and
continued living in said social gender role until age 29
(1979) --- six years after the disclosure of this fixed,
irreversible, yet-evolving biological state.
10. 10
A Female Pseudohermaphrodite
• Genetic female.
• External sex organs have
been masculinized and
look like a penis.
• May occur if the mother
takes the hormone
progesterone to prevent
a miscarriage
• Usually caused by an
overproduction of
certain hormones.
11. 11
Male Pseudohermaphrodite
• Genetic male.
• External sex organs fail to develop
normally.
• Intersex males may have testes and a
female-like vulva, or a very small penis.
12. 12
Genetic Determinants of Sex
• Genetic inheritance is the most basic
determinant of whether an individual is
male or female.
• 23rd pair of chromosomes determines a
person's sex.
• Male: X & Y chromosome
• Female 2 X chromosomes.
13. 13
Genetic Determinate
• Early in development, human embryos
have an undifferentiated, or all-purpose,
gonad (sex gland) that can become either
a testis or an ovary.
• The presence of a Y chromosome directs
this undifferentiated gonad to develop
into a testis.
15. 15
Klinefelter's Syndrome
• (XXY)
• Males only
• Smaller-than-normal genitals
• Enlarged breasts
• Poor muscular development
• May be mentally retarded
• 75% percent are not identified
• 1 in 500 males
18. 18
Klinefelter's Syndrome
• Testosterone shots, patches or gels
started shortly before or during puberty.
• May have symptoms similar to women in
menopause
– Hot flashes
– Increased irritability
– Inability to concentrate
– Depression.
– Most cannot father children.
19. 19
Turners Syndrome
• Females
• 1 X chromosome, normal XX
• 1 in 2,500 female births.
• Approximately 98% of pregnancies with
Turner's Syndrome abort spontaneously
• Short stature
• Webbed neck
• May have abnormal body proportions,
markedly shortened lower extremities.
• Height range is between 4’5” to 4’8”
20. 20
Turners Syndrome Cont.
• Prominent ears
• Broad chest
• Eyelid folds
• Estrogen needed in order to menstruate
develop breasts
• Can not reproduce
22. 22
Males (the weaker sex)
• More vulnerable to developmental disorders
& certain fatal diseases.
• Greater chance of experiencing
developmental difficulties:
– Reading problems
– Delayed speech
– Environmental health problems
• Cancer resulting from exposure to a toxic substances
• Physical diseases
23. 23
Males
• Why are males more vulnerable?
• Possible causes:
– Biological factors
– Social roles
– Differing stressors men & women face
– Gender differences
• In behavioral risk factors
• In personality
24. 24
Males vs. Females Gender
Differences
• Sex differences in temperament appear as early
as 6 months in hundreds of experiments.
– Experiment (Rutgers University): Babies seated in
front of a screen they are given a string to pull to
change the picture in front of them.
– Babies learn quickly how to change the pictures.
The experimenters turn off the switch so the babies
can no longer change the pictures
• Boys keep pulling the string harder and harder
– Boys more stubborn
• Girls stop pulling and cry
26. 26
Reading
• Different aptitudes at different speeds
• Boys
• Girls speak coherently about 1 year before a
boy.
• Girls reading and writing lifelong fluency over
boys
• Boys: Learn to read by sight
– Boys out number girls in reading difficulties 3 to 1.
• Girls: Better hearing learn to read and spell by
sound
27. 27
Spatial Ability
• Spatial ability better in boys tested at age 4 (able to
test)
• Grows more pronounced with age
• Many more math talented boys than girls especially at
higher levels of math
– (Tested over a million kids over 20 years)
• Left part of our brain:
– Sequencing
– Language
– Delicate movements of the body
• Right:
– Visual and Spatial abilities
– How we deal with emotions
28. 28
• Men’s speaking systems focused in left
side of the brain
• Process language in the right
hemisphere.
29. 29
Can We Accept The Differences?
• If we accepted the differences what
might change?
– Classrooms
•More active for boys
– Reading?
– Math?
• Why is our culture so hesitant to make
and accept these changes?