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Similar to Child Psychology Module 4 birth and the Neonate
Child Psychology Module 4 birth and the Neonate
- 1. Birth & theNeonate Module 4 Children
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- 3. 4.1 Variations in BirthingPractices
- 4. Birthing Methods &Delivery Options
- 5. Birthing Practices 99%of U.S. births in hospitals Other options – Often no access to emergency care Freestanding birth center Home delivery What Happens During Birth?
- 6. Who helpsvaries across cultures – 91% U.S. births physicians – Some exclude fathers – Some family members – Open to community Birthing Practices
- 7. Birthing Practices Midwives –Norm, mostof world –U.S. Attend 8% births –U.S. certified nurse midwives Deliver babies – More time with patient in prenatal visits – Counseling, education – Emotional support What Happens During Birth?
- 8. Birthing Practices Doulas –No medical care Do not deliver babies – Support before, during, & after childbirth Physical Emotional Educational – U.S. work independently Part of ‘birthing team’ What Happens During Birth?
- 9. Birthing Practices Naturalchildbirth – Goal: reduce pain by reducing fear Education Breathing techniques Relaxation techniques Prepared childbirth (Lamaze method) – Similar to natural childbirth – Special breathing technique in final stages of labor What Happens During Birth?
- 10. Birthing Methods &Delivery Options Other methods to reduce pain & stress during labor & childbirth – Waterbirth – Massage – Acupuncture – Hypnosis – Music therapy What Happens During Birth?
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- 12. 3. Inside pregnancy:Labor & Birth http://www.babycenter.com/stages-of-labor
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- 15. Stages of Birth 3 stages of birth – Stage 1 @ 12 - 24 hrs. – Stage 2 @ 45 min’s - 1 hour – Stage 3 Minutes
- 16. Effacement of theCervix Becomes –Thinner –Shorter Starts –Couple weeks before delivery
- 17. Stages of Birth 1st stage: Dilation & Effacement of the Cervix – @ 12 - 24 hrs. Longest stage – Contractions @ 15–20 min’s apart Closer together as birth nears – Contractions dilate cervix to open @ 4 inches. Allows baby to move into birth canal What Happens During Birth?
- 18. Stages of Birth 2nd stage : Delivery of the Baby – @ 45 min’s - 1 hour – Begins when: baby’s head moves through cervix & birth canal – Ends when: baby completely emerges – Mother pushes down, contractions come @ every minute What Happens During Birth?
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- 20. 3rd stage:Placenta (afterbirth) – Placenta, umbilical cord, & other membranes detached & expelled – Fastest stage minutes Stages of Birth
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- 23. 4. Cooking upPlacenta http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ceBxQSRLrg&feature=related For the stranger members of this class!
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- 27. Cesarean Section CesareanDelivery – Baby removed from uterus through incision in abdomen when Baby is in breech or crosswise position Head too large for mother’s pelvis Vaginal bleeding has occurred in pregnancy – U.S. births by C-sections increased since 2002 What Happens During Birth?
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- 32. Apgar scale Appearance, Pulse,Grimace, Activity and Respiration ************** Abigail's Placenta Gave Arthur Rabies
- 33. PRETERM, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT,SMALL-FOR-DATE INFANTS 4.4
- 34. Preterm & Small-for-Date Infants Low-birth-weight under 5.5 lbs – Very low - under 3 lbs – Extremely low - under 2 lbs
- 35. Small-for-Date Ex: Bornfull term yet 5 lbs. –May be preterm/full term –Birth weight below normal Increased use of progestin to prevent preterm births – Lowered preterm births 1/3 Small-for-Date
- 36. 8. a Premature Baby1st Minutes
- 37. Premature Baby 1stMinutes 28 weeks 2 days, 2.95 lbs. Premature babies highly prone to infection and one tiny germ can kill them . Plastic around the baby protect body heat Blue light is used for jaundice Quiet in the nursery sleeping which is very important to their overall health and development .
- 38. Preterm & Small-for-Date Infants Consequences of preterm & LBW Most low birth weight infants – normal & healthy As a group – More developmental & health problems – Risk increases as gestation age decreases Potential problems include brain injuries lung & liver diseases learning disabilities breathing problems
- 39. Norwegian study –Preterm-birth adolescents higher risk for: language delays learning problems behavior problems/delinquency involvement Consequences of Preterm & LBW
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- 41. Bonding Close connection,especially physical bond, between parents & newborn in period shortly after birth – Doctors suggest: “rooming in” – Newborn kept in mother's hospital room Immediate bonding – Not necessary for emotional health Adoption? The Postpartum Period
- 42. Postpartum Depression Periodafter childbirth – Mother adjusts physically & psychologically to process of childbearing – Lasts about @ 6 weeks Involution – Process by which uterus returns to pre- pregnant size – 5 - 6 weeks The Postpartum Period
- 43. 8. How todeal with postpartum pregnancy
- 44. Postpartum Depression Emotional& Psychological Adjustments – Emotional fluctuations due to: Hormonal changes Fatigue Inadequate rest Inexperience or lack of confidence Extensive demands may cause – Anxiety, depression, coping difficulties The Postpartum Period
- 45. Emotional & Psychological Adjustments Postpartum depression – Strong feelings of Sadness Anxiety Despair – Gets worse without treatment
- 46. Emotional and Psychological Adjustments Postpartum depression treatments – Antidepressants – Psychotherapy; cognitive therapy is best Postpartum depression affects – Mother-infant interaction – Risk of additional psychological disorders The Postpartum Period
- 47. “Baby Blues” Symptoms appear2 to 3 days after delivery and subside within 1 to 2 weeks Postpartum depression Symptoms linger for weeks or months and interfere with daily functioning No symptoms % of U.S. women experiencing “Baby Blues” & Postpartum Depression
- 48. Emotional and Psychological Adjustments Father’s adjustment – Considerable adjustment & stress Attention on infant decreases couple’s time May feel unneeded – Father’s postpartum reactions Prenatal involvement can lessen feelings of depression The Postpartum Period
- 49. 9. Signs ofPostparden Depression in Men http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dc8rPkaPz5k
- 50. 10. Postpartum Depressionin Men http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54Wd69U-EE4
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- 52. Infant Nutrition &Health • Infants in 1 yr. Triple weight – Increase length 50% – 50 calories per day per lb. of weight – High-calorie, high- energy foods & fats very important NO NONFAT FOODS
- 53. Infant Nutrition &Health Healthy infants need: – Loving, supportive feeding environment – Breast milk – Gradual increase of chew-&-swallow – More fruits & vegetables, less junk food – Demand feeding becoming more popular – Poor dietary patterns can cause overweight
- 54. Co-sleeping Culture andSleeping Arrangements – Sharing bed common in many cultures – American Academy of Pediatrics – Discourages co-sleeping because of Stress SIDS risk How Do Infants Grow and Develop Physically?
- 55. Sudden Infant DeathSyndrome (SIDS) Infant stops breathing, usually during night, and dies without apparent cause – Highest cause of infant death in U.S. – Highest risk is 2 - 4 mo.'s of age – Sleeping on back reduces risk – Less common in: – bedroom with fan – infant who sleeps with pacifier How Do Infants Grow and Develop Physically?
- 56. Sudden Infant DeathSyndrome (SIDS) Thoughts?
- 57. Sudden Infant DeathSyndrome (SIDS) Highest risks – Lower birth weight – Siblings with SIDS – Sleep apnea – Lower SES groups – Exposure to cigarette smoke – Placement in soft bedding – Abnormal brain stem functioning – African American & Inuit infants How Do Infants Grow and Develop Physically?
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- 59. Breast Versus BottleFeeding Breast milk – Fewer gastrointestinal infections – Lower respiratory tract infections – Reduces effects of asthma in first 3 mo’s – Reduce risk of skin inflammation – May lessen likelihood of obesity – Lowers risk of childhood & adult diabetes – Less risk of experiencing SIDS – Claims of no link to allergy prevention How Do Infants Grow and Develop Physically?
- 60. 12. Breast feedingat 12