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Life span chapter 8
- 1. Chapter 8 Socioemotional Developmentin Middle and Late Childhood 6-11 Years-of-Age PowerPoints developed by Jenni Fauchier, Butchered by Professor Carney 6-11 Years-of-Age 1
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- 3. The Development ofSelfUnderstanding • Increasingly describe selves with psychological characteristics & traits – Ex: • Popular • Nice • Smart 6-11 Years-of-Age 3
- 4. The Development ofSelfUnderstanding • More likely: – Recognize social aspects of self • Include groups they belong to – Girl Scouts – Christian – What do I do in comparison to others? • Previous stage – What I do or don’t do 6-11 Years-of-Age 4
- 5. Self-Esteem & Self-Concept • Personal perceptions match reality? • Maybe • Self-concept – Self-evaluate in many areas • Academic • Athletic • Appearance – How might this affect a child? 6-11 Years-of-Age 5
- 6. Self-Efficacy • Self-efficacy – Beliefthat one can master a situation & produce favorable outcomes • Low self-efficacy for learning – May avoid many learning tasks, especially challenging ones • Math: know it when I grow up • High-self-efficacy for learning – Eagerly work at learning tasks 6-11 Years-of-Age 6
- 7. Self Regulation • Self-regulation –Manage • Behavior • Emotions • Thoughts – Allows social skills & achievement • Capacity in self-regulation – Development, prefrontal cortex 6-11 Years-of-Age 8
- 8. Developmental Changes in Emotion •Better understanding of emotions • Can experience more than 1 emotion at a time. – Angry sister broke your toy – Sad you don’t have toy • Increased awareness of events leading to emotional reactions – “She hit me so I smashed her toy.” 6-11 Years-of-Age 9
- 9. Developmental Changes in Emotion •Ability to suppress or conceal – Negative feelings • Strategies for redirecting feelings – Self-soothing after upset • Play with favorite toy • Capacity for genuine empathy 6-11 Years-of-Age 10
- 10. Kohlberg Stages • Basedon Piaget • 6 stages of moral development • Believed universal 6-11 Years-of-Age 11
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- 13. Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory •http://www.youtube.c om/watch? v=zY4etXWYS84 6-11 Years-of-Age 14
- 14. Kohlberg Stages • 3Levels – Level 1: Preconventional reasoning – Level 2: Conventional reasoning – Level 3: Postconventional reasoning • 6 Stages – 2 stages in each level – (Need to keep in mind the 3 levels only) 6-11 Years-of-Age 15
- 15. Preconventional Reasoning – Earlychildhood development – Interpret good & bad in terms of (behaviorism) • External rewards • Punishments – Egocentric 6-11 Years-of-Age 16
- 16. Conventional Reasoning • Middleschool • Apply certain standards – Standards set by others • Parents • Government • Learn to conform 6-11 Years-of-Age 17
- 17. Postconventional Reasoning • Usuallycollege years • Recognize alternative moral courses – Explore options – Decide on personal moral code 6-11 Years-of-Age 18
- 18. Kohlberg Stages Research •Moral stages appeared later than Kohlberg envisioned. • Reasoning at Stage 6 rare. 6-11 Years-of-Age 19
- 19. Physical Development • Females •Males – Longer life expectancy – Less likely to develop • physical disorders • mental disorders – 10% taller – 2X’s risk of coronary disease – Hormones – More depression – Hormones • Stop growth of long bones at puberty 6-11 Years-of-Age • Promote growth of long bones 20
- 20. Physical Development • Females •Males – Brain smaller – Larger • More folds – Portions of corpus callosum larger – Areas involved in emotional expression show more activity 6-11 Years-of-Age • Part of hypothalamus related to sex • Area of parietal lobe larger – Visuospatial skills 21
- 21. Cognitive Development • Malesbetter – Math – Visuospatial skills • Females better – Verbal abilities • Later studies – Verbal differences between females & males virtually disappeared – Math & visuospatial differences still existed • Have cognitive differences between females & males been exaggerated? 6-11 Years-of-Age 22
- 22. Aggresion • Who ismore aggressive M or F? 6-11 Years-of-Age 23
- 23. Socioemotional Development • Aggression: –Boys more physically aggressive – Girls more verbally aggressive • Spread malicious rumors • Ignoring someone when angry • Boys more likely to hide – Negative emotions • Girls less likely to express – Disappointment that might hurt others’ feelings 6-11 Years-of-Age 24
- 24. Gender Differences inProsocial Behavior • Prosocial behavior – Acting to help another person, particularly when only goal is to help. • Females – View selves as more prosocial & empathic – Across childhood & adolescence, engage in more prosocial behavior • Biggest gender difference occurs for kind & considerate behavior • Smaller difference in sharing 6-11 Years-of-Age 25
- 25. Developmental Changes in Parent-ChildRelationships • Parents – spend less time with children – continue to be important – support & stimulate academic achievement • Children – less physical discipline than they did as preschoolers – more self-regulation 6-11 Years-of-Age 26
- 26. Developmental Changes inPeer Relations • Peers – Socializing time increases – Group size increases – Less supervision – Same-sex groups preferred • Until age 12 6-11 Years-of-Age 27
- 27. Being Popular • Popularchildren – – – – – – – – reinforce others listen open lines of communication with peers happy control negative emotions show enthusiasm show empathy self-confident , not conceited 6-11 Years-of-Age 28
- 28. Other Statuses • Neglectedchildren – Low rates of interaction with peers – Described as shy by peers • Rejected children – Often more serious adjustment problems than those neglected – Some are aggressive 6-11 Years-of-Age 29
- 29. Bullying • Bullied children –Reported • More loneliness • Difficulty making friends • Victimized – Anxious & socially withdrawn children • Non-threatening & unlikely to retaliate – Aggressive children • May be targets because their behavior is irritating to bullies 6-11 Years-of-Age 31
- 30. Bullying Cont. • Victims –more headaches – more abdominal pain – sleeping problems – tired – more depression • Bullies – More likely to have a poor academic record – Smoke – Drink alcohol 6-11 Years-of-Age 32
- 31. Functions of Friendships •Children’s friendships serve what functions? 6-11 Years-of-Age 33
- 32. 6 Functions ofFriendships 6-11 Years-of-Age 35
- 33. Socioeconomic Status &Ethnicity • Schools in low-income areas are more likely to have: – more students with low achievement test scores – low graduation rates – small % of students going to college – young teachers with less experience – encourage rote learning – buildings & classrooms old & crumbling 6-11 Years-of-Age 37
- 34. Newsletter • Newsletter 6-11yrs. 6-11 Years-of-Age 39