The document discusses the composition and structure of Earth's atmosphere. It covers the following key points:
- The atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), with trace amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide, argon, and ozone.
- The atmosphere is divided into five main layers - troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere - with varying temperature and air pressure profiles.
- The troposphere is the lowest layer where weather occurs. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer which absorbs harmful UV radiation from the sun.
- The International Standard Atmosphere defines standard profiles for temperature, pressure, and other variables used in
In meteorology, a cloud is an aerosol comprising a visible mass of minute liquid droplets, frozen crystals, or particles suspended in the atmosphere above the surface of a planetary body
Contrails are line-shaped clouds produced by aircraft engine exhaust or changes in air pressure, typically at aircraft cruise altitudes several miles above the Earth's surface. Contrails are composed primarily of water, in the form of ice crystals
What are the elements of aircraft performance?
How much thrust do you need?
How fast and how slow can you fly?
#WikiCourses
http://wikicourses.wikispaces.com/Topic+Performance+of+aerospace+vehicles
In meteorology, a cloud is an aerosol comprising a visible mass of minute liquid droplets, frozen crystals, or particles suspended in the atmosphere above the surface of a planetary body
Contrails are line-shaped clouds produced by aircraft engine exhaust or changes in air pressure, typically at aircraft cruise altitudes several miles above the Earth's surface. Contrails are composed primarily of water, in the form of ice crystals
What are the elements of aircraft performance?
How much thrust do you need?
How fast and how slow can you fly?
#WikiCourses
http://wikicourses.wikispaces.com/Topic+Performance+of+aerospace+vehicles
Meteorology-a student's report( a compilation of facts from books,internet,jo...John Allen Marilla
it is a summary of the topic about t6he atmosphere..... all information written are not words of the maker but are compilations only from various book,journal,internet sources... this makes learning about the atmosphere for freshmen easier,,,
Part 1 of 3, most pilots loose the basics when they start flying due to numerous reasons. Whatever your reason, don't let not coming to this seminar be one of them. This three part series will fill in the memory gaps and show you how easy it can be to understand weather systems.
Meteorology-a student's report( a compilation of facts from books,internet,jo...John Allen Marilla
it is a summary of the topic about t6he atmosphere..... all information written are not words of the maker but are compilations only from various book,journal,internet sources... this makes learning about the atmosphere for freshmen easier,,,
Part 1 of 3, most pilots loose the basics when they start flying due to numerous reasons. Whatever your reason, don't let not coming to this seminar be one of them. This three part series will fill in the memory gaps and show you how easy it can be to understand weather systems.
Importance of Atmosphere –
Physical and chemical characteristics of Atmosphere –
Vertical structure of the atmosphere –
Composition of the atmosphere –
Temperature profile of the atmosphere –
Lapse rates –
Temperature inversion –
Effects of inversion on pollution dispersion.
Atmospheric stability
Earth’s atmosphere is a thin blanket of gases and tiny particles — together called air.
Atmosphere is the air surrounding the earth.
The Earth’s atmosphere is a mixture of gases and water vapour, and also of some amount of aerosols (dust, smoke, condensation products of vapor)
It contains life-giving gases like Oxygen for humans and animals and carbon dioxide for plants.
It envelops the earth all round and is held in place by the gravity of the earth.
It helps in stopping the ultraviolet rays harmful to the life and maintains the suitable temperature necessary for life.
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About the Speaker
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Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
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Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
3. CONTENTS :
INTRO TO THE ATMOSPHERE
COMPOSITION OF THE AIR
HOMOSPHERE & HETEROSPHERE
DRY AIR & SATURATED AIR
GREEN HOUSE EFFECTS
GREEN HOUSE GASES
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ATMOSPHERE
MULTI CHOICE QUESTIONS
4. •Atmosphere of the earth is an envelope of
homogenous mixture of gases called Air.
Air is a mixture of gases.
The atmosphere is the blanket of air that
surrounds the Earth.
Atmosphere has no upper limits.
20. The atmosphere is divided
into five layers. It is thickest
near the surface and thins out
with height until it eventually
merges with space.
21.
22.
23. 1. The Troposphere
•The lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere.
.
•Temperature decreases as height increases (3.6
degrees/1000 ft). (6.5 celsius/km).
•Around the equator,the thickness is 16kms and
around poles it is about 8-10kms.
•ALL WEATHER occur in the Earth's
troposphere!
24. Troposphere is divided into 3 parts
Lower Troposphere : From surface to 2.1kms
Mid Troposphere : From 2.1kms to 7.6kms
Upper Troposphere : 7.6 kms onwards.
25. This is an image of the clouds in the Earth's troposphere.
26. 2. The Stratosphere
•The layer above the tropopause upto an Altitude of
50 km is called the stratosphere.
•Initially for 8-10 kms the layer is isothermal.
•Above it the temperature keeps on rising and is the
most at the top of the stratosphere layer.
27.
28. Role of Ozone:
Ozone thus plays a key role in the
temperature structure of the Earth's
atmosphere.
Without the filtering action of the ozone layer,
more of the Sun's UV radiation would penetrate
the atmosphere and would reach the Earth's
surface.
The harmful effects of excessive exposure to UV
radiation.It causes harmful effect to crop,forest
growth and human health.
29.
30. If ozone is decreased, it can
cause:
Skin cancer
Eye cataracts
Sun burning
Suppression of the human immune
system.
Adverse impact on crops and animals dueto
the increase of UV radiation
31. 3. The Mesosphere
•Temperature decreases with altitude. (30 – 55 miles)
•The atmosphere reaches its coldest temperature of
around -100°C in the mesosphere.
•Air pressure decreases.
•Does not have a lot of oxygen (at this level our
brain would be oxygen-starved called hypoxia.
•This is also the layer in which a lot of meteors burn
up while entering the Earth's atmosphere.
33. 5. The Exosphere
•Very high up, the Earth's atmosphere
becomes very thin. The region where
atoms and molecules escape into space is
referred to as the exosphere.
•The exosphere is upper part of the
thermosphere.
•Extends about 550 km above the
surface.
34. This is a picture which shows the Earth, its atmosphere (the
clouds are likely in the troposphere and stratosphere).
36. International Standard Atmosphere
A standard average atmosphere has been
specified for various purposes like the
design and testing of aircraft, evaluation
of aircraft performance, calibration of
altimeters.
37. The most widely used atmosphere is the one
defined by the ICAO, known as the
International Standard Atmosphere (ISA). Its
specifications are;
Temperature at Mean Sea Level: 15 degree celsius.
Pressure at Mean Sea Level : 1013.25 hPa
Density at Mean Sea Level : 1225g/cubic metre.
38. Acceleration due to Gravity: 980.665cm
Lapse rate upto 11kms : 6.5 degree/km
