Protists are unicellular eukaryotic organisms that can be animal-like, plant-like, or fungus-like. They are classified into kingdoms based on these characteristics. Protists include protozoa such as amoebas and paramecium, algae, water molds, and other microorganisms. They serve important ecological functions and some can cause disease.

1. Protists are unicellular organisms that have a nucleus.
Kingdom: Protista

2. Intro to Protists

3. SSiimmiillaarr ttoo BBaacctteerriiaa
 Unicellular
 One of the first groups of living things on Earth.
(1.5 billion years ago.)
 Microscopic
 Can cause disease.
 Can be parasites

4. DDiiffffeerreennccee ffrroomm BBaacctteerriiaa
 Has a nucleus.
 Live in watery environment.
 Generally live as individual cells.
 Protists vary greatly in appearance and function.

5. 33 CCaatteeggoorriieess
 I. Animal-like Protists.
 II. Plant-like Protists.
 III. Fungus-like Protists.

6. II.. AAnniimmaall--lliikkee PPrroottiissttss
 Protozoan means “First Animal”.
 Cells contain a nucleus.
 Cells lack a cell wall.
 They are heterotrophs.
 Most can move on their own.

7. 44 GGrroouuppss ooff AAnniimmaall--lliikkee
PPrroottiissttss
 1. Sarcodines (SAHR-koh-dighnz)
 2. Ciliates (SIHL-ee-ihts)
 3. Flagellates (FLAJ- ehl-ihts)
 4. Sporozoans (spohr-oh-ZOH-uhnz)

8. 11.. SSaarrccooddiinneess
 Have pseudopods (Greek:“false foot”)
 Extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm.
 Pseudopods are used for movement and to capture
food.
 Many have shells.
 These shells form limestone, marble and chalk.

9. OOnnee ttyyppee::
 Most familiar
Sarcodine.
 Pseudopods:
 Blob shaped.
 Contractile Vacuoles:
controls amount of
water inside
 Food Vacuole: where
food is digested.

10. SSpplliitt PPeerrssoonnaalliittyy
 Amebas reproduce by
dividing into two new
cells (binary fission).
 Amebas can respond
to their environment.
 They are sensitive to
light and some
chemicals.

11. 22.. CCiilliiaatteess
 Have cilia on the
outside of their cells.
 Tiny hair-like
projections used for
movement, to gather
food and as feelers.

12.  Pellicle: tough outer
wall.
 Slipper shaped
 Oral groove: like the
mouth
 Gullet: holds food.
 Food Vacuole: digests
food.
 Anal Pore: removes
wastes
 2 Contractile Vacuoles
 2 Nuclei
 Reproduces by either
binary fission or
conjugation.
TTyyppee:: PPaarraammeecciiuumm

13. 33.. FFllaaggeellllaatteess
((ZZooooffllaaggeellllaatteess))
 Have a Flagellum: a
long whip-like structure
used for movement.
 Many live in animals
 Symbiosis a close
relationship, at least
one benefits.
 Mutualism: when both
partners benefit.

14. 44.. SSppoorroozzooaannss
 All Sporozans are parasites.
 They feed on cells and body fluids.
 Form from Spores (tiny reproductive cells).
 Pass from one host to another.
 Pass from ticks, mosquitoes or other animals to
humans.

15. PPllaanntt--lliikkee PPrroottiissttss ((AAllggaaee))
 Unicellular and Multicellular
 Colonies (groups of unicellular protists)
 Can move on their own
 Autotrophs: make their own food from simple materials using light
energy (photosynthesis).
 70% of the Earth’s oxygen is produced by Plant-like Protists!
 Pigments: chemicals that produce color

16. 66 GGrroouuppss ooff PPllaanntt lliikkee
PPrroottiissttss
 Euglenoids (yoo-GLEE-noydz)
 Diatoms (DIGH-ah-tahmz)
 Dinoflagellates (digh-noh-FLAJ-eh-layts)
 Red Algae
 Green Algae
 Brown Algae

17. 11.. EEuugglleennooiiddss
 Green
 Unicellular
 Live in fresh water
 Autotrophs, but can be
heterotrophs under certain
conditions.
 Flagella
 Eyespot: sensitive to light.
 Chloroplasts
 Pellicle

18. 22.. DDiiaattoommss
 Unicellular
 10,000 living species.
 Aquatic
 Glass like cell wall
 Diatomaceous earth:
course powder that
comes from dead
diatoms (toothpaste,
car polish & reflective
paint.

19. 33.. DDiinnooffllaaggeellllaatteess
 Unicellular
 Cell walls are like
plates of armor.
 Two flagella
 Spins when it moves.
 Colorful (pigments)
 Can glow in the dark.
 Causes Red Tide

20. RReedd AAllggaaee
 Multicellular seaweeds
 Live in deep ocean waters
 Used for ice cream and hair
conditioner
 Used as food in Asia

21. GGrreeeenn AAllggaaee
 Most are unicellular
 Some form colonies
 Few are multicellular
 Can live in fresh and salt water
and on land in damp places.
 Very closely related to green
plants.

22. BBrroowwnn AAllggaaee
 Commonly called seaweed
 Can contain brown, green,
yellow, orange and black
pigments.
 Attach to rocks
 Have air bladders
 Giant Kelp can be 100 meters
long!
 Used as food thickeners

23. IIIIII.. FFuunngguuss--lliikkee PPrroottiissttss
 Heterotrophs
 Have cell walls.
 Many have flagella and are able to move at some point in their
lives.
 Three types: Slime Molds, Water & Downy Molds
 Reproduce with Spores (tiny cell that is able to grow into a new
organism)

24. WWaatteerr && DDoowwnnyy MMoollddss
 Live in water or moist places.
 Tiny threads that look like fuzz.
 Attack food crops
 Caused the Irish Potato Famine.

25. TTyyppee::
 Reproduce by Fruiting
Bodies:
 The Fruiting Bodies
contain Spores.
 At first they look like
ameba, then later they
look like mold.
 Live on moist shady
places.
 Feed on bacteria and
other microorganisms.

26. PPhhyylluumm SSaarrccoommaassttiiggoopphhoorraa
 The phylum Sarcomastigophora includes many
abundant and ecologically important forms. All are
either unicellular or colonial, and may be either
autotrophic or heterotrophic . There are two main
groups, the flagellates (subphylumMastigophora )
and the amoebas (subphylum Sarcodina ).

27. PPhhyylluumm AAppiiccoommpplleexxaa
 The Apicomplexa (also referred to
as Apicomplexia) are a large group of
protists, most of which possess a unique
organelle called apicoplast and an apical
complex structure involved in penetrating a
host's cell. They are unicellular, spore-forming,
and exclusively[1]parasites of
animals.
 The name of the taxon Apicomplexa is
derived from two Latin words — apex (top)
and complexus (infolds) — and refers to a set
of organelles in thesporozoite.

28. PPhhyylluumm CCiilliioopphhoorraa
 The Phylum Ciliophora("Ciliates")
consists of a wide array of Protists
characterized by the presence
of Cilia over at least some of their cell
surface during at least part of their life
cycle. Cilia are are similar to flagella
except they are generally much shorter
than the length of the cell.

29. PPhhyylluumm CCiilliioopphhoorraa

30. PPhhyylluumm MMeessoozzooaa
 The Mesozoa are enigmatic,
minuscule, worm-like
parasites of marine
invertebrates. It is still unclear
as to whether they are
degenerate
platyhelminthes (flatworms) or
truly-primitive,
basal metazoans.

31. Characteristics ooff MMeessoozzooaa
1)Bilaterally symmetrical.
2)Has no organs or tissues.
3)Body contains no internal cavity.
4)Body possesses no digestive tract (gut).
5)Body only two cell layers in most places.
6)Has no nervous system.
7)Has some cells develop inside other cells.
8)Reproduction quite complex involving both
sexual and asexual aspects.
9)All are endoparasites on other marine
invertebrates.

32. PPhhyylluumm PPllaaccoozzooaa
 Placozoans are tiny amazing animals.
 Very little is known about them because they have never been
observed in their natural habitat. No one knows what substrate
they live on or what they eat in nature. It is even unknown
whether or not they reproduce sexually like most animals.
 They were discovered in the late 1880's living on the glass walls
of an aquarium in a European laboratory. Since then, most of
what has been learned about their biology has come from
studying cultures of them kept alive in various laboratories
around the world. Not surprisingly, given their small size and
squishy nature, fossil placozoans have yet to be discovered.

33. PPhhyylluumm PPllaaccoozzooaa

34. Thank You!! 