Protein
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Proteins are made up of amino acids and are important organic compounds that serve many essential functions in the body. There are 20 types of amino acids that combine to form proteins through peptide bonds. Protein is important for building muscles, bones, skin and hair, and as the building blocks of enzymes and hormones. Both deficiencies and excesses of protein can negatively impact health, so it is important to consume the right amounts and varieties of protein sources like meat, eggs, dairy and plant-based proteins.
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Sec 3 F&N: Proteins (Part 1: Nutrients and Health)
This set of lecture slides is a customised teaching and learning resource for students of Woodlands Ring Secondary School (Singapore) to enhance their current reading materials.
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Sec 3 F&N: Proteins (Part 1: Nutrients and Health)
This set of lecture slides is a customised teaching and learning resource for students of Woodlands Ring Secondary School (Singapore) to enhance their current reading materials.
I am sharing this resource online so that Nutrition and Food Science (NFS) teachers in Singapore and other teaching professionals may adapt this for their own use. :)
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2) It describes the 4 levels of protein structure from primary to quaternary, where the amino acid sequence determines the overall 3D shape through coiling and folding.
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2- Micronutrients: (micro means small) those nutrients which the body requires a small amount to perform vital works. need in milligrams or micrograms to energize the body. E.g.: vitamins (A, B, D, E, K) and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, chromium, copper, fluoride, molybdenum, manganese, and selenium).
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What are the sources of Protein?
There are many sources of protein, some of them present below.
Egg, Bean, Meat, Fish, Milk, Paneer, Mushroom, Cottage cheese, Soybean, Lentil, Peanut, Greek Yogurt, Quinoa, Nuts, Beef, Almond, Legume etc.
Amino Acids
Amino acids are the basic unit of protein. Amino acids combine with specific sequences into long chains to form proteins. These sequences are coded by genes.
There are 20 amino acids, 9 essential amino acids, and 11 non-essential amino acids.
1- Essential amino acids: There are nine amino acids that our body can not synthesize but obtain from diets that's why they are called essential amino acids. Ex: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine.
2- Non-essential amino acids: those amino acids that synthesize in our own body and are not required in our
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Nutrients can be divided into two categories on the basis of body requirements, which are macronutrients and micronutrients.
1- Macronutrients: (macro means large) Macronutrients are those nutrients that the body requires eventually in larger quantities to function well to provide energy. E.g.: carbohydrates, proteins, fats.
2- Micronutrients: (micro means small) those nutrients which the body requires a small amount to perform vital works. need in milligrams or micrograms to energize the body. E.g.: vitamins (A, B, D, E, K) and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, chromium, copper, fluoride, molybdenum, manganese, and selenium).
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There are seven important nutrients present in diets, but five are the most important for the body to do vital functions. These nutrients are protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. And other two nutrients are water and roughage which do not provide nutrition to the body but perform important functions.
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Protein is the building block of a body. It is composed of many small units called amino acids. These amino acids encoded by genes, combine together in a sequence to form a long chain called protein. The bond between two amino acids is called a peptide bond or amide linkage. The word protein is derived from the Greek word proteios, meaning primary or 1st rank.
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There are many sources of protein, some of them present below.
Egg, Bean, Meat, Fish, Milk, Paneer, Mushroom, Cottage cheese, Soybean, Lentil, Peanut, Greek Yogurt, Quinoa, Nuts, Beef, Almond, Legume etc.
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This document discusses the major classes of nutrients required by ruminant and non-ruminant animals, including their sources and functions. It identifies five main nutrient groups - energy nutrients, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. Within each group, specific nutrients are defined and examples of feed sources provided. The document also describes differences in how ruminants and non-ruminants digest and utilize nutrients from their feeds.
Amino Acid Functions
Amino acids are the building blocks that make up proteins. There are 20 commonly known amino acids that combine to form the hundreds of different types of proteins present in living things. The liver produces 80% of amino acids needed by the body, while the remaining 20% must come from dietary intake and are called essential amino acids. Amino acids are crucial for building muscle and tissue, producing enzymes and hormones, and acting as neurotransmitters. A deficiency in any essential amino acid can disrupt protein synthesis and cause health issues.
Biomolecules.ppt
Biomolecules are organic compounds produced by living things that are essential for life. There are four main categories of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates like sugars and starches are the body's main source of energy. Lipids such as fats and oils provide long-term energy storage. Proteins are made of amino acids and are necessary for growth, repair and enzyme production. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain the genetic code and direct protein synthesis in cells. These four classes of biomolecules work together to power all the chemical reactions necessary to sustain life.
Proteins and amino Acids
Proteins are the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and are made up of amino acids. They perform many important structural and functional roles. There are three main levels of protein structure - primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. The secondary structure involves twisting of the chain into shapes like alpha helices and beta pleated sheets. Tertiary structure refers to the 3D conformation that a protein folds into. Some proteins have quaternary structure which involves the spatial arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunits.
Structure of proteins
Proteins are composed of chains of amino acids and perform many essential functions in the body. There are 20 amino acids that make up proteins. Proteins can be classified based on their composition, shape, and function. They include structural proteins like collagen and keratin, transport proteins like hemoglobin, and catalytic proteins like enzymes. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and all contain an amino group and a carboxyl group. Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized in the body and must be obtained through diet.
PROTEINS INFO FOR EXAM
Proteins are essential for the structure and function of the human body. They are made up of chains of amino acids, including 9 essential amino acids that must be obtained through diet. The chapter discusses protein digestion, the many roles of proteins in the body including building muscles and transporting nutrients, and daily protein needs. It also explains that protein quality depends on digestibility and amino acid profile, and some plant proteins need to be combined to provide all essential amino acids.
Nutrients
Nutrients are divided into macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients include carbohydrates, fiber, fats, protein, and water, and provide structural material and energy. Carbohydrates are divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Fats are classified as saturated or unsaturated. Protein provides structural material and enzymes. Micronutrients include minerals and vitamins which are required in smaller amounts. Minerals have structural or electrolyte functions while vitamin deficiencies can lead to disease.
Protein Nutrition.pptx
Proteins are made up of amino acids linked together through peptide bonds. They perform many important functions in the body including structural, enzymatic, hormonal, and more. There are 20 amino acids that are important for nutrition. Sources of protein include both animal sources like meat and dairy as well as plant sources like beans and nuts. A balanced diet containing all essential amino acids is important for maintaining nitrogen balance and positive nitrogen balance during growth and recovery from illness or injury. Protein and amino acid deficiencies can cause serious disorders in areas with diets relying on grains that lack certain essential amino acids.
Chap5 protein nutrition; its role in infection
The document discusses protein nutrition and its important roles in the body. It covers the classification, structure, and sources of proteins. Key points include:
- Proteins are made of amino acids and are essential building blocks for the body. The body uses proteins for muscles, organs, immune function and more.
- There are 20 amino acids, 9 of which are essential and must be obtained through diet as the body cannot produce them. Animal proteins are complete sources while plant proteins may be incomplete.
- Proteins are digested and absorbed into the bloodstream, with amino acids used to build the proteins needed for various body functions. Deficiencies can cause health issues like kwashiorkor.
Chap5 protein nutrition; its role in infection
The document discusses protein nutrition and its important roles in the body. It covers the classification, structure, and sources of proteins. Key points include:
- Proteins are made of amino acids and are essential building blocks for the body. The body uses proteins for muscles, organs, immune function and more.
- There are 20 amino acids, 9 of which are essential and must be obtained through diet as the body cannot produce them. Animal proteins are complete sources while plant proteins may be incomplete.
- Proteins are digested and broken down into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine before being used to build proteins throughout the body. Deficiencies can cause health issues.
Chap5 protein nutrition; its role in infection
The document discusses protein nutrition and its important roles in the body. It covers the classification, structure, and sources of proteins. Key points include:
- Proteins are made of amino acids and are essential building blocks for the body. The body uses proteins for muscles, organs, immune function and more.
- There are 20 amino acids, 9 of which are essential and must be obtained through diet as the body cannot produce them. Animal proteins are complete sources while plant proteins may be incomplete.
- Proteins are digested and absorbed into the bloodstream, with amino acids used to build the proteins needed for various body functions. Deficiencies can cause health issues like kwashiorkor.
Chemistry of proteins
Proteins are composed of chains of amino acids and serve important structural and functional roles in biology. They can be classified based on their composition, structure, and biological function. Common analytical techniques used to study proteins include chromatography, electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry which separate proteins based on properties like size and charge. The diversity of amino acid side chains allows proteins to adopt complex 3D structures and perform a wide variety of critical roles in the body.
Proteins classification, source, function & RDA
Introduction to Protein Nutrient
Attributes of Protein
Classification of Protein
Source of Protein
Functions of Protein
RDA for Protein
Excess and Deficiency of proteins
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Protein
- 1. Definitions Structure Importance High intake and low intake of protein
- 2. What is Protein? The term protein is derived from a Greek word proteios , meaning first place. Protein are organic compounds made up of Carbon ,Hydrogen and Oxygen with an additional element Nitrogen(Sometimes Sulphur) Proteins are polymer of amino acids that are inked together by peptide bond.
- 3. What are Amino acids? Amino acids are the basic structural constituents of naturally occurring protein. They are consists of amino group (NH3 ) , a carboxylate group ( COO- ), a hydrogen atom and a substituent R group, called side chain bounded to a central carbon atom.
- 4. What are Amino acids?
- 5. Types of Amino acids? There are almost 300 amino acids occur in nature only 20 different types of them are found in protein. Chain containing 50 amino acids are called “Peptides” while more than 50 amino acids containing chain are called proteins.
- 6. Importance of Protein ? Secondary source of energy. Main structural components of cytoskeleton. (network of protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells). Enzymes are protein in nature. Antibodies produced by White Blood Cells to fight against germs are protein in nature. Several hormones are protein in nature. Hemoglobin is protein carry Oxygen
- 7. Importance of Protein ? Body parts like nails and hair are made up of protein. Structural protein like Myosin helps in the movement of muscles fibre. Gelatin used in bakery ( get heating bones, tendons or skin) Denaturation: Denature or coagulate due to physical and chemical agents. Physical agent : heat , X-rays , UV radiation Chemical agent : acids , alkalis, alcohol etc
- 8. Types of Amino Acids? Essential Amino Acids: (10) • cannot be synthesized by the body and need to be supplied through the diet. • Required for proper growth and maintenance of body. Non - essential Amino Acids: (10) • Can be synthesized by the body and need not to be supplied through the diet.
- 9. Deficiency of Protein? Skin, Hair and Nail Problems (Hair thinning, faded hair color, hair loss (alopecia) and brittle nails and different skin infections) lack of protein leads to muscle wasting over time. ( body takes muscles protein for preserve different functions) weaken your bones and increase the risk of fractures Protein helps maintain the strength and density of bones) Kwashiorkor Increased Severity of Infections (low protein intake may impair immune function) Increased Severity of Infections
- 10. Side effects of high intake of Protein? Bad breath Weight gain Constipation ( eating carb less fibre less), Diarrhea Dehydration ( due to excretion of nitrogen along with water) Kidney demage Heart diseases
- 11. Sources : grass-fed lean meats and pasture-raised poultry wild fish eggs from pastured hens grass-fed and organic dairy legumes nuts whole grains