The document summarizes several tests conducted on cement to determine its properties and quality. It describes procedures for testing the fineness, consistency, setting time, soundness, tensile strength and compressive strength of cement. Fineness is measured by sieving cement and finding the percentage residue. Consistency is determined using a Vicat apparatus. Setting time tests use Vicat needles to find when the cement can no longer be penetrated or indented. Soundness ensures cement does not excessively expand when boiled. Tensile and compressive strength tests involve making mortar cubes or cylinders and testing them after curing.
Hi viewers, I am back with the various concepts of TYPES OF TESTS ON CONCRETE for civil engineers.
Here, i explained few topics
What is a concrete? Classification based o state of concrete? and various tests?
Workability of concrete is defined as the ease and homogeneity with which a freshly mixed concrete or mortar can be mixed, placed, compacted and finished. Strictly, it is the amount of useful internal work necessary to produce 100% compaction.
Hi viewers, I am back with the various concepts of TYPES OF TESTS ON CONCRETE for civil engineers.
Here, i explained few topics
What is a concrete? Classification based o state of concrete? and various tests?
Workability of concrete is defined as the ease and homogeneity with which a freshly mixed concrete or mortar can be mixed, placed, compacted and finished. Strictly, it is the amount of useful internal work necessary to produce 100% compaction.
5 Types of Concrete for Needs of Modern World Construction Civilverse.orgSHAZEBALIKHAN1
The current construction industry is changing too fast. The designs have become robust than ever, the materials are produced with a higher degree of quality control and the process of making concrete has been locally standardised. The new ideas, big data, sophisticated software, high precision technology are aiding the supply of higher quality concrete.
The article covers the following contents-
a. Introduction
b. Types of Concrete for Modern World Construction Requirements
c. Self-Compacting Concrete
d. Self-Healing Concrete
e. High-Performance Concrete
f. Light Weight Concrete
g. 3-D Printed Concrete
h. Conclusion
Tests on fresh concrete SLUMP TEST VEE BEE TEST COMPACTION FACTOR TESTNisarg Mistry
THIS PDF IS ABOUT TESTS ON FRESH CONCRETE USED ON FIELD AND IN LABS.
IT INCLUDES TEST METHODOLOGY
TEST DATA INTERPRETATION AND PICTURES OF APPRATUS USED
DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST OF CONCRETEKaran Patel
The standard method of evaluating the quality of concrete in buildings or structures is to test specimens cast simultaneously for compressive, flexural and tensile strengths.
The main disadvantages are that results are not obtained immediately; that concrete in specimens may differ from that in the actual structure as a result of different curing and compaction conditions; and that strength properties of a concrete specimen depend on its size and shape.
Although there can be no direct measurement of the strength properties of structural concrete for the simple reason that strength determination involves destructive stresses, several non- destructive methods of assessment have been developed.
Hello, My name is Saidul Islam. I am a student of Stamford University Bangladesh. It is my varsity presentration. Here halp our course teacher , so I made it too largest. Here you got details in concrete. we are finish those work.
5 Types of Concrete for Needs of Modern World Construction Civilverse.orgSHAZEBALIKHAN1
The current construction industry is changing too fast. The designs have become robust than ever, the materials are produced with a higher degree of quality control and the process of making concrete has been locally standardised. The new ideas, big data, sophisticated software, high precision technology are aiding the supply of higher quality concrete.
The article covers the following contents-
a. Introduction
b. Types of Concrete for Modern World Construction Requirements
c. Self-Compacting Concrete
d. Self-Healing Concrete
e. High-Performance Concrete
f. Light Weight Concrete
g. 3-D Printed Concrete
h. Conclusion
Tests on fresh concrete SLUMP TEST VEE BEE TEST COMPACTION FACTOR TESTNisarg Mistry
THIS PDF IS ABOUT TESTS ON FRESH CONCRETE USED ON FIELD AND IN LABS.
IT INCLUDES TEST METHODOLOGY
TEST DATA INTERPRETATION AND PICTURES OF APPRATUS USED
DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST OF CONCRETEKaran Patel
The standard method of evaluating the quality of concrete in buildings or structures is to test specimens cast simultaneously for compressive, flexural and tensile strengths.
The main disadvantages are that results are not obtained immediately; that concrete in specimens may differ from that in the actual structure as a result of different curing and compaction conditions; and that strength properties of a concrete specimen depend on its size and shape.
Although there can be no direct measurement of the strength properties of structural concrete for the simple reason that strength determination involves destructive stresses, several non- destructive methods of assessment have been developed.
Hello, My name is Saidul Islam. I am a student of Stamford University Bangladesh. It is my varsity presentration. Here halp our course teacher , so I made it too largest. Here you got details in concrete. we are finish those work.
Cement and admixtures and laboratory tests for cement, initial and final setting time, soundness test, compressive test, tests on concrete, types of admixtures
Information on the slides is found on the internet. Any incorrect information is not intended. All credit is given to the source of information, not to the author of this slide.
EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE USING GGBS WITH PARTIAL RE...Ijripublishers Ijri
Concrete is Most widely used construction Material in the Modern Era because of its good Compressive strength and
high durability. As we know Concrete comprises a Mixture of cement, sand (fine aggregate), course aggregate and water
which makes up normal plain concrete, to increase the strength of concrete we can design the mix with greater Flexibility,
but the problems Arises in structure as load age, increaseof floors which demands increase of high strength concrete
and more steel. So, especially at the beams, columns joints heavy reinforcement meshing is done so that it becomes If
the concrete is not compacted then strength may not be achieved, so the solution for the problem is SCC which we call
it asself-compacting concrete. Were this SCC has ability to compact by itself Gravity and self-flow ability same strength
can be Here in the research, it is carried out self-compaction concrete to improve strength & make concrete economical
so, a mix is dispend of M30,M40 Grades with adding chemical admixture named poly carboxylic ether (ADVA960) , a
Retarder Basically Which also increases strength and workability &replacing cement with GGBS (Ground Granulated
Blast Furnace Slag) 40%&50% .The tests are carried out to find the increase in strength by adding chemical admixture &
replacing GGBS 40% & 50%.By the chemical admixture adding up to 2% Max were previous strength shows that adding
of chemical admixture greater than 2% which results to increase the initial setting time and decrease in the w/c ratio.
Test will be conducted for 3,7,28 days find the increase of strength and its other properties
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
3. GROUP MEMBERS
SALMAN HAFEEZ (2kx5-civil-106)
SAJID GHAFOOR (2kx5-civil-103)
MUHAMMAD SHAHID (2kx5-civil-105)
MUHAMMAD HASNAIN SAEED (2kx5-civil-116)
6. FINENESS OF CEMENT
OVERVIEW:
Fineness of cement is measured by sieving it on standard sieve. The
proportion of cement of which the grain sizes are larger than the specified
mesh size is thus determined.
ASTM Standard: C786 / C786M - 10
APPARATUS:
Pan
Lid
Sieve
Weight Balance ( Least Count 10mg)
7. FINENESS OF CEMENT
PROCEDURE:
• Attach a pan under the sieve to collect the cement passing the sieve.
• Weigh approximately 10 g of cement and place it on the sieve.
• Fit the lid over the sieve.
• Agitate the sieve by swirling, planetary and linear movement until no more
fine material passes through it.
• Remove and weigh the residue. Express its mass as a percentage (R1) of the
quantity first placed in the sieve.
• Repeat the steps 3 to 5 with a fresh sample to obtain R2.
Note: If R1 & R2 differ by more than 1%, then carryout a third sieving and calculate R3.
8. FINENESS OF CEMENT
ASTM SPECIFICATION: (American Society for Testing and Materials)
For 100g sample, if
Weight of Residue < 10g, Cement is Fresh.
Weight of Residue > 10g, Cement is not fresh.
CALCULATION:
% Fineness of Cement = (W1-W2)/W1 x 100
W1= Total Weight of Cement
W2=Weight of Residue
9. FINENESS OF CEMENT
TECHNICAL DISCUSSIONS:
• Fineness of cement has a great effect on the rate of hydration and hence the
rate of gain of strength.
• Fineness of cement increases the rate of evolution of heat.
• Finer cement offers a great surface area for hydration and hence faster the
development of strength.
• Increase in fineness of cement also increases the drying shrinkage of
concrete and hence creates cracks in structures.
• Excessive fineness requirement increases cost of grinding.
11. CONSISTENCY TEST OF CEMENT
OVERVIEW:
The standard consistency of a cement paste is defined as that
consistency which will permit the Vicat plunger to penetrate to a
point 5 to 7mm from the bottom of the Vicat mould.
ASTM Standard: C187
APPARATUS:
Vicat apparatus
Stop Watch
Beaker
Weight Balance (Least Count 01g)
13. CONSISTENCY TEST OF CEMENT
PROCEDURE:
• Weigh approximately 400g of cement and mix it with a weighed quantity
of water. The time of gauging should be between 3 to 5 minutes.
• Fill the Vicat mould with paste and level it with glass plate.
• Lower the plunger gently till it touches the cement surface.
• Release the plunger allowing it to sink into the paste.
• Note the reading on the gauge.
• Repeat the above procedure taking fresh samples of cement and different
quantities of water until the reading on the gauge is 5 to 7mm.
14. CONSISTENCY TEST OF CEMENT
CALCULATION:
Calculate percentage of water (P)
W=Quantity of water added
C=Quantity of cement used
TECHNICAL DISCUSSION:
This test helps to determine water content for other tests like initial and final
setting time, soundness & compressive strength.
C
W x 100P =
16. SETTING TIME OF CEMENT
OVERVIEW:
Initial setting time is that time period between the time water is added to
cement and time at which 1 mm square section needle fails to penetrate the cement
paste but make an impression.
Final setting time is that time period between the time water is added to
cement and the time at which 5 mm needle attachment does not make any
impression.
ASTM Standard: C191 - 13
APPARATUS:
Vicat apparatus
Stop Watch
Beaker
Weight Balance
17. SETTING TIME OF CEMENT
PROCEDURE:
(A) TEST BLOCK PREPARATION:
• Take 400 g of cement and prepare a neat cement paste with 0.85P of water
by weight of cement.
• Gauge time is kept between 3 to 5 minutes. Start the stop watch at the
instant when the water is added to the cement. Record this time (t1).
• Fill the mould completely and smooth off the surface of the paste making it
level with the top of the mould. The cement block thus prepared is called
test block.
18. SETTING TIME OF CEMENT
PROCEDURE:
(B) INITIAL SETTING TIME:
• Place the test block confined in the mould
• Lower the needle gently until it comes in contact with the surface of test
block and quick release, allowing it to penetrate into the test block.
• In the beginning the needle completely penetrate the test block. Repeat this
procedure i.e. quickly releasing the needle after every 2 minutes till the
needle fails to penetrate the block and make only an impression. Note this
time (t2).
19. SETTING TIME OF CEMENT
PROCEDURE:
(C) FINAL SETTING TIME
• For determining the final setting time, replace the needle of the Vicat’s
apparatus
• Lower the needle gently until it comes in contact with the surface of test
block and quick release.
• When needle attachment does not make any impression. This is the final
setting time of cement. Record this time (t3).
20. SETTING TIME OF CEMENT
CALCULATION:
Initial setting time = t2-t1
Final setting time = t3-t1,
t1= Time at which water is first added to cement
t2= Time when 1sq.mm needle fails to penetrate
t3= Time when 5 sq.mm needle makes no impression.
21. SETTING TIME OF CEMENT
STANDARD SPECIFICATION:
Type/Name Of
Cement
Referenced Indian
Standard
Initial Setting Time,
mints (min.)
Final Setting Time,
mints (max.)
OPC(33) IS:269 30 600
OPC(43) IS:8112 30 600
OPC(53) IS:12269 30 600
High alumina IS:6452 30 600
Super sulphated IS:6909 30 600
Low heat IS:12600 60 600
Masonry cement IS:3466 90 1440
23. SOUNDNESS OF CEMENT
OVERVIEW:
In the soundness test a specimen of hardened cement paste is boiled for
a fixed time so that any tendency to expand is speeded up and can be detected.
Soundness means the ability to resist volume expansion.
ASTM Standard: C189-49
APPARATUS:
Le-chatelier apparatus
Water bath
Weight Balance
Burner
24. SOUNDNESS OF CEMENT
PROCEDURE:
• Prepare a paste by adding 0.78 times the water required to give a paste of
standard consistency.
• Lightly oil the Le-chatelier mould and place it on a lightly oiled glass
sheet.
• Fill the mould with the prepared cement paste. In the process of filling the
mould keep the edge of the mould gently together.
• Cover the mould with another piece of lightly oiled glass sheet, place a
small weight on this covering glass sheet.
25. • Submerge the whole assembly in water at a temperature of 27 ± 20C and
keep there for 24 hours.
• Remove the whole assembly from water bath and measure the distance
separating the indicator points to the nearest 0.5 mm (L1).
• Again submerge the whole assembly in water bath and bring the
temperature of water bath to boiling temperature in 25 to 30 minutes. Keep
it at boiling temperature for a period of 3 hours.
• After completion of 3 hours, allow the temperature of the water bath to cool
down to room temperature and remove the whole assembly from the water
bath.
• Measure the distance between the two indicator points to the nearest 0.5
mm (L2).
SOUNDNESS OF CEMENT
26. SOUNDNESS OF CEMENT
CALCULATIONS:
Soundness/expansion of cement = L1-L2
L1=Measurement taken after 24 hours of immersion in water.
L2=Measurement taken after 3 hours of immersion in water at boiling temperature.
Difference between L1 & L2 should not more then 10mm.
27. SOUNDNESS OF CEMENT
TECHNICAL DISCUSSIONS:
• Volume expansion in cement mortar or in cement concrete is caused by the
presence of unburnt lime (CaO), dead burnt MgO and also CaSO4.
• Presence of unburnt lime may develop cracks in the cement because of increase
in volume.
• Free lime (CaO) and magnesia (MgO) are known to react with water very
slowly and increase in volume considerably, which result in cracking, distortion
and disintegration.
29. TENSILE STRENGTH OF CEMENT
OVERVIEW:
Determination of the tensile strength of cement mortars using briquette
specimens
ASTM Standard: WK47208
Apparatus:
Briquette molds
Small steel trowels
Weight Balance
Briquette Testing Machine
30. TENSILE STRENGTH OF CEMENT
PROCEDURE:
• The proportions of the standard mortar shall be 1 part cement (300 grams)
with 3 parts of Sand (900 grams) for 6 specimens. The amount of water
0.40 (WCR) will be added.
• Coat the briquettes with a thin film of mineral oil.
• The briquettes should now be filled with the mortar. Fill the molds heaping
full without compaction.
• Extract the cement block from briquettes mould after 24 hours.
31. TENSILE STRENGTH OF CEMENT
PROCEDURE:
• All specimens should be tested within a specified time period.
• Any loose grains of sand or other extraneous material should be removed from
the surfaces in contact with the testing machine. The specimen should be
centered in the clips and the pressure applied at the rate of 2.67 ± 0.11 kN (600
± 25 lb)/minute.
Test Age Permissible Time Tolerance
24 hours ± ½ hour
3 days ± 1 hour
7 days ± 3 hours
28 days ± 12 hours
33. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT
OVERVIEW:
Compressive strength of cement is determined by compressive strength
test on mortar cubes compacted by means of a standard vibration machine. The
specimen is in the form of cubes 70.6mm*70.6mm*70.6mm.
ASTM Standard: D1633 - 00
APPARATUS:
Trowel
Vibration Table
Cube / Cylinder mould
Compression Testing Machine
34. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT
PROCEDURE:
• Take 200 g of cement and 600 g of standard sand and mix them dry
thoroughly.
• Add {(P/4)+3}% of water (where P is % of water required for preparing
paste of standard consistency) to the dry mix of cement and sand and mix
thoroughly for 3 to 4 mins.
• Place the thoroughly cleaned and oiled mould on the vibrating machine and
hold it in position by clamps
• Fill the mould with entire quantity of mortar using a suitable hopper
attached to the top of the mould for facility of filling and vibrate it for 2
minutes
35. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT
PROCEDURE:
• Remove the mould from the machine and keep it in a place for 24 hours.
• At the end of 24 hrs remove the cube from the mould and immediately
submerge in fresh clean water.
• Prepare at least 6 cubes in the manner explained above.
• Place the test cube on the platform of a compressive testing machine
without any packing between the cube and the plates of the testing
machine.
• Apply the load steadily and uniformly, starting from zero at a rate of 35
N/mm2/minute.
36. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT
CALCULATION:
Compressive Strength
P=Maximum load applied to the cube. (N)
A=Cross sectional area (Calculated from the mean dimensions) (mm2)
TECHNICAL DISCUSSIONS:
Compressive strength is influenced by the cement type, or more precisely, the
compound composition and fineness of cement.
A
P
=
