The document summarizes several experiments conducted in a concrete technology lab to test properties of cement and concrete, including fineness of cement, normal consistency of cement, setting time of cement, specific gravity of cement, compressive strength of cement, slump test of concrete, Vee-Bee test of concrete, and compaction factor test of concrete. The experiments are performed according to standard procedures and test methods to determine key properties like workability, consistency, setting behavior, density, and strength.
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
MEANING OF MIX DESIGN
GRADE OF CONCRETE.
FACTORS INFLUCING THE CHOICE OF MIX DESIGN.
MATHODS OF CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
MIX DESIGN BY INDIAN STANDARD METHOD.
DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST OF CONCRETEKaran Patel
The standard method of evaluating the quality of concrete in buildings or structures is to test specimens cast simultaneously for compressive, flexural and tensile strengths.
The main disadvantages are that results are not obtained immediately; that concrete in specimens may differ from that in the actual structure as a result of different curing and compaction conditions; and that strength properties of a concrete specimen depend on its size and shape.
Although there can be no direct measurement of the strength properties of structural concrete for the simple reason that strength determination involves destructive stresses, several non- destructive methods of assessment have been developed.
Information on the slides is found on the internet. Any incorrect information is not intended. All credit is given to the source of information, not to the author of this slide.
MEANING OF MIX DESIGN
GRADE OF CONCRETE.
FACTORS INFLUCING THE CHOICE OF MIX DESIGN.
MATHODS OF CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
MIX DESIGN BY INDIAN STANDARD METHOD.
DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST OF CONCRETEKaran Patel
The standard method of evaluating the quality of concrete in buildings or structures is to test specimens cast simultaneously for compressive, flexural and tensile strengths.
The main disadvantages are that results are not obtained immediately; that concrete in specimens may differ from that in the actual structure as a result of different curing and compaction conditions; and that strength properties of a concrete specimen depend on its size and shape.
Although there can be no direct measurement of the strength properties of structural concrete for the simple reason that strength determination involves destructive stresses, several non- destructive methods of assessment have been developed.
Information on the slides is found on the internet. Any incorrect information is not intended. All credit is given to the source of information, not to the author of this slide.
5 Must Know Types of Concrete Testing for Civil EngineersSHAZEBALIKHAN1
The five concrete tests explained in the article are basic and must do. The tests methods, procedures, relevant code are mentioned. Workability test, temperature test, setting time test, compressive strength test, permeability test.
EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE USING GGBS WITH PARTIAL RE...Ijripublishers Ijri
Concrete is Most widely used construction Material in the Modern Era because of its good Compressive strength and
high durability. As we know Concrete comprises a Mixture of cement, sand (fine aggregate), course aggregate and water
which makes up normal plain concrete, to increase the strength of concrete we can design the mix with greater Flexibility,
but the problems Arises in structure as load age, increaseof floors which demands increase of high strength concrete
and more steel. So, especially at the beams, columns joints heavy reinforcement meshing is done so that it becomes If
the concrete is not compacted then strength may not be achieved, so the solution for the problem is SCC which we call
it asself-compacting concrete. Were this SCC has ability to compact by itself Gravity and self-flow ability same strength
can be Here in the research, it is carried out self-compaction concrete to improve strength & make concrete economical
so, a mix is dispend of M30,M40 Grades with adding chemical admixture named poly carboxylic ether (ADVA960) , a
Retarder Basically Which also increases strength and workability &replacing cement with GGBS (Ground Granulated
Blast Furnace Slag) 40%&50% .The tests are carried out to find the increase in strength by adding chemical admixture &
replacing GGBS 40% & 50%.By the chemical admixture adding up to 2% Max were previous strength shows that adding
of chemical admixture greater than 2% which results to increase the initial setting time and decrease in the w/c ratio.
Test will be conducted for 3,7,28 days find the increase of strength and its other properties
Cement and admixtures and laboratory tests for cement, initial and final setting time, soundness test, compressive test, tests on concrete, types of admixtures
Hello, My name is Saidul Islam. I am a student of Stamford University Bangladesh. It is my varsity presentration. Here halp our course teacher , so I made it too largest. Here you got details in concrete. we are finish those work.
This report examines the properties of wet self- compacting concrete to determine if the properties meet the specification or not, more focus in this test was to determine the workability and flow ability of self-compacting concrete through different tests.
Workability of concrete is defined as the ease and homogeneity with which a freshly mixed concrete or mortar can be mixed, placed, compacted and finished. Strictly, it is the amount of useful internal work necessary to produce 100% compaction.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. FINENESS OF CEMENT BY DRY SIEVING
Objective: To determine the finess of a given sample of cement.
Reference: IS : 4031 ( Part 1 ) – 1988.
Overview :
Fineness of cement is measured by sieving
it on standard sieve. The proportion of
cement of which the grain sizes are larger
than the specified mesh size is thus
determined.
Apparatus :
90 µ Sieve with pan & Lid
Weighing Balance
Sieve Shaker
Procedure :
Weigh approximately 10 gm of cement
and place it on the sieve.
Shake the sieve by sieve shaker.
Remove and weigh the residue.
Technical Discussion:
Fineness of cement affects hydration rate
and the strength. Increasing fineness
causes an increased rate of hydration,
high strength, and high heat generation.
Bleeding can be reduced by increasing
fineness. Increased fineness can also lead
to the requirement of more water
for workability, resulting in a higher
possibility of dry shrinkage.
3. NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF CEMENT
Objective : To determine the normal consistency of a given sample of cement.
Reference : IS : 4031 (Part 4)-1988 & IS : 5513-1976.
Overview :
Standard consistency of a cement paste is
defined as that consistency which will permit a
vicat plunger having 10 mm dia and 50 mm
length to penetrate to a depth of 33-35 mm
from top of the mould.
Apparatus :
Vicat apparatus
Balance
Gauging Trowel, Stop Watch, etc.
Procedure :
Take 400 gm of cement and mix with water.
Fill the vicat mould with cement paste.
Place the whole assembly under the rod
bearing plunger.
Release the plunger allowing it to sink into
the paste and measure the depth of
penetration, until the depth of penetration
becomes 33 to 35 mm.
Technical Discussion :
Consistency test helps to determine water
content for other tests like:
Initial and final setting time
Soundness
compressive strength
4. SETTING TIME OF STANDARD CEMENT
Objective : To determine the initial and final setting time of a given sample of cement.
Reference : IS : 4031 (Part 4)-1988, IS : 4031 ( Part 5 ) - 1988 & IS : 5513-1976.
Overview : Initial setting time is that time period
between the time water is added to cement and time
at which 1 mm2 section needle fails to penetrate the
cement paste.
Final setting time is that time period between the
time water is added to cement and the time at which 1
mm needle makes an impression on the paste in the
mould but 5 mm attachment does not make any
impression.
Apparatus :
Vicat apparatus
Balance
Stop-watch
Gauging Trowel, Glass plate etc.
Procedure :
Take 300 gm of cement and mix with water.
Start a stop-watch.
The paste should be filled within 3-5 minutes.
Initial and final setting time is noted.
Technical Discussion :
Initial setting time test is important for transportation, placing and compaction of cement concrete.
Initial setting time duration is required to delay the process of hydration or hardening.
Final setting time is the time taken for the cement paste or cement concrete to harden sufficiently
and attain the shape of the mould in which it is cast.
5. SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT
Objective : To determine specific gravity of a given sample of hydraulic cement.
Reference : IS : 4031 ( Part 11 ) - 1988.
Overview :
Specific gravity is defined as the ratio
between the weight of a given volume
of cement and weight of an equal
volume of water.
Apparatus :
Lechatelier flask 250 ml (or ) Pycnometer (100 ml)
Balance & Water bath
Procedure :
Weigh the empty flask.
Fill the cement up to half of the flask (about 50gm) and
weigh with its stopper.
Add Kerosene to the cement up to the top of the bottle.
Weigh the flask with cement and kerosene.
Empty the flask. Fill the bottle with kerosene up to the top
and weigh the flask.
Technical Discussion: Every material has its own specific
gravity, and it usually ranges between 0.1 – 100. If the
specific gravity of the material is less than 1, then that
material floats in water. If the material has a specific gravity
greater than 1, then it sinks in water.
Specific gravity of cement or Density of cement is ranging
between 3.1-3.16 g/cc by this, cement is 3.16 times heavier
than water of the same volume.
6. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST OF CEMENT
Objective : To determine the compressive strength of a given sample of cement.
Reference : IS : 4031 (Part 6)-1988, IS : 10080-1982, IS : 650-1966 & IS: 269-1976
Overview :
Compressive strength of cement is
determined by compressive strength test
on mortar cubes compacted by means of a
standard vibration machine. Standard sand
(IS:650) is used for the preparation of
cement mortar. The specimen is in the
form of cubes 70.6mm x 70.6mm x
70.6mm
Apparatus :
Cube Mould of 70.6 mm size
Vibration Machine
Gauging Trowel, Stop Watch, Graduated Cylinders, etc.
Technical Discussion:
Compression testing provides data on the integrity and safety of
materials, and ensure that the finished product is fit-for-
purpose and manufactured to the highest quality
Load
Compressive strength = --------------------------------------------------------
Cross sectional area of specimen
The quantity of cement, standard sand and water shall be as follows:
Cement = 200 (g), Standard Sand = 600 (g) and Water = [(P/4)+3] (%
of mass of cement+sand), whether P is the % of water required to
produce a paste of standard consistency.
As the compressive strength of the mortar is less then the required
strength so it cannot be used for permanent constructions.
Cube
Mould
&
Cement Cube
7. SLUMP TEST OF CONCRETE
Objective : To determine the relative consistency of freshly mixed concrete by the use of Slump Test.
Reference : IS: 7320-1974, IS: 1199-1959 & SP : 23-1982.
Overview :
This test is performed to measure
consistency or workability of fresh
concrete, where the nominal
maximum size of aggregate does not
exceed 38 mm using slump test
apparatus.
Apparatus :
Slump cone (Height = 30 cm, Base dia = 20 cm, Top dia = 10 cm)
Tamping rod (Length = 60 cm, Dia = 16 mm)
Slump Range (mm) Workability Slump Class
10-40 Low S1
50-90 Medium S2
100-150 High S3
Procedure:
Place the mixed concrete in the cleaned slump cone in four
layers, each layer is temped 25 times with a standard 16
mm diameter steel rod.
Remove the cone Immediately, rising it slowly and carefully
in the vertical direction.
The decrease in the height of the center of the slumped
concrete is called slump.
As soon as the concrete settlement comes to as stop,
measure the subsistence of the concrete in mm/cms which
gives the slump value.
8. Technical Discussion:
The slump is measured immediately by determining
the difference between the height of the mould and
that of the highest point of specimen.
After completion of the slump test, to get an idea on
cohesiveness of concrete, tap slightly the outer
perimeter of the slumped concrete. If it subsides
further, then it is an indication of good quality
concrete having required cohesiveness. But if it gets
collapsed or shears away then the concrete lacks
cohesiveness and this is an indication of poor quality
concrete
Types of Slump:
True Slump: The concrete mass after the
test when slumps evenly all around
without disintegration is called the true
slump.
Shear Slump: When one-half of the
concrete mass slide down the other is
called the shear slump. This type of
slump is obtained in a lean concrete mix.
Collapse Slump: When the sample is
collapsed due to adding excessive water,
it is known as collapse slump.
Zero Slump: For very stiff or dry mixes it
does not show any changes of the slump
after removing the slump cone
9. VEE-BEE TEST OF CONCRETE
Objective : To determine the workability of the freshly mixed concrete.
Reference : IS: 1199-1956.
Overview :
Vee-bee test is used to determine the
consistency of concrete by using a Vee-Bee
consistometer.
Apparatus :
A vibrator table resting on elastic
supports
A sheet metal cone, open at both ends
A metal pot & A standard iron rod.
Procedure:
Place the slump cone in the sheet metal pot of the consistometer and
fill it with fresh concrete.
Move the glass disc attached to the swivel arm and place it just on top
of the slump cone in the pot
Note the position of the concrete cone by adjusting the glass disc
attached to the swivel arm.
Lift the cone and note the slump on the graduated rod by lowering the
glass disc on top of the concrete cone.
Switch on the electrical vibrator and allow the concrete to spread out
in the pot. Continue the vibration until the whole concrete to spread
out in the pot. Continue the vibration until the whole concrete surface
adheres uniformly to the glass disc.
The degree of workability in Vee-Bee test is classified based on the
time taken in seconds.
Workability Vee-Bee Time (in Second)
Very low workability > 20 Seconds
Low workability 6 – 12 Seconds
Medium workability 3– 6 Seconds
High workability o – 3 Seconds
10. COMPACTION FACTOR TEST OF CONCRETE
Objective : To determine the workability of the concrete mix of given proportion.
Reference : IS: 1199-1959
Overview :
The compaction factor test is used for concrete which have low workability for
which slump test is not suitable. It was developed by Road Research Laboratory in
United Kingdom and is used to determine the workability of concrete
Apparatus :
Compacting factor apparatus, Hand scoop, Weighing balance, etc.
Procedure:
Fill concrete in the upper hopper and the trap–door is opened so that the
concrete falls into the lower hopper.
When concrete has come to rest in the lower hopper, the trap door of the
lower hopper opened and the concrete is allowed to fall into the cylinder.
The weight of the concrete in the cylinder is measured. This is known as ‘the
weight of partially compacted concrete.
Refilled the cylinder with concrete and vibrated to obtain full compaction and
weight it
Technical Discussion:
Compaction Factor =
Weights of partially compacted concrete
Weights of fully compacted concrete
Each test, therefore should be carried out at a constant time interval after the
mixing is completed, if strictly comparable results are to be obtained.
Workability
Compaction
Factor
Very stiff 0.70
Stiff 0.75
Stiff plastic 0.85
Plastic 0.90
Flowing 0.95
Compacting factor Apparatus