The Propaganda Movement was a literary and cultural organization established in 1872 by Filipino émigrés in Europe that aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of the Philippines and promote closer ties between the colony and Spain. The movement's goals included gaining Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes, equal rights for Filipinos and Spaniards, and establishing a public school system independent of the friars. Prominent members included Jose Rizal, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and Marcelo H. Del Pilar. Though the movement was suppressed in 1872 with the execution of Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora, its writings would inspire the Philippine Revolution led by Andres Bonifacio.