This document discusses the origins and development of Marxism-Leninism and its spread to power in early communist states. It describes how Karl Marx developed communist ideas around class struggle and ownership of production. Vladimir Lenin then led the Bolsheviks Revolution in Russia, establishing the Soviet Union and implementing Marxist-Leninist policies like secret police and executions. Stalin later industrialized the Soviet Union through five-year plans and collectivization. Marxism-Leninism also spread to China where Mao Zedong led the Communist Party of China after a long struggle against the Kuomintang nationalists culminating in the Chinese Civil War.

1. Capitalism Communism
VS

2. An Inquiry into the
Adam Smith Nature and Causes of
the Wealth of Nations
(1776).
Invisible hand
invisible hand of the market is a
metaphor conceived by Adam
Smith to describe the self-
regulating behavior of the
marketplace

3. The Invisible Hand…
directly linked to the concept of the market:
specifically that it is competition
between buyers and sellers that channels the
profit motive of individuals on both sides of
the transaction such that improved products
are produced and at lower costs.

4. Laissez-faire “Let alone…”
Economists usually emphasize the
degree to which government does not
have control over markets

5. What is Communism?

6. 1. Communism is a type of
government where only one political
party had power over the nation.
2. This party gains its supreme
executive power from military and
police force.
3. A communist government makes
decisions for its public and treats all
citizens equally.

7. Wealth of a Nation
Capitalism Communism
Competition Collective
( Individual )

8. What was the first Communism Power?
Cathedral of
St. Basil-
Moscow

9. What was the first Communism Power?
In the 19th century there
was a power formed
known as “Marxism-
Leninism”.
Karl Marx

11. Karl Marx
Dialectic
Marxism—hold that all Owner
societies progress through the Controls Production
dialectic of class struggle: a
conflict between an (1)
ownership class which
controls production and a (2) Laborer
lower class which produces Produces goods
the labour for goods.

12. Karl Marx
Soviet Union in 1922
“Lenism”
People's Republic of China in 1949
“Maoism”
Capitalism
"dictatorship
of the bourgeoisie"

13. “Marxism-Leninism”.
This organization was lead by Karl Marx and
Vladimir Lenin.
communism through industrialization and
collectivization.

14. Industrialization
Collectivization
This symbol represents the unity of the
peasants (Sickle) and worker (Hammer)
class who formed Soviet Russia.
Revolution
Scarlet blood spilt by workers for their
emancipation around the world.

15. How did Marxism-Leninism come to exist?
After
World War 1
Czar
Czar Nicholas II
Feelings of discontent

16. Nicholas II Vladimir Lenin
Bolsheviks Revolution
Lenin gave the authority for his regime to have secret
police, and perform executions. This ruthless tactic
allowed Marxism-Lenin’s party to survive.

17. Bolsheviks
Russian Party

18. Nicholas II Vladimir Lenin
Bolsheviks Revolution
Lenin gave the authority for his regime to have secret
police, and perform executions. This ruthless tactic
allowed Marxism-Lenin’s party to survive.

19. Stalin then took
over the Soviet
Union with a
different means of
success.
Stalin as Lenin’s successor enacted many
foreign and domestic policies to keep the
communist values of Marxism-Leninism.

20. 5 Year Plan
INDUSTRIALIZATION
COLLECTIVIZATION
Through these policies there was
industrialization and collectivization which
lead to economic success.

21. Bromance
Frenemy
CPC
Communist Party of China Mao Zedong 1928-34

22. CPC
defeated
Kuomintang (KMT)

23. Kuomintang
Sun Yat-Sen
Father of the Nation
Hawaii
Chinese Culture and Identity
Whampoa Military Academy
Chiang Kai-shek

24. Sun Yat-sen
His goal was to create a
strong, unified, modern,
Chinese republic.

25. The gentry class (landlords who
sometimes were also local
officials) was an obstacle to
modernization.
The social structure of
China was obsolete.

26. Emperor Puyi
Dowager Empress Cixi
In 1911, a military
revolt led to
revolution and the
fall of the Qing
dynasty

27. Lenin was convinced that the
Russian Revolution could not
survive unless successful
revolutions took place in
other countries
which would then become socialist allies of Soviet
Russia.

28. Russia was a backward country in 1917
the revolutionary leaders were
not workers or peasants, but
bourgeois, i.e., middle class
intellectuals.

29. This was, in turn, to lead to the fall of
"imperialism" which he saw as the
highest stage of capitalism.

30. The Soviets agreed to give Sun
military, political, and
organizational help.

31. His primary goal was the
reunification of the
country.
USSR
2 Factors:
(a) defeat the Chinese
warlords and (b) force out
the foreign powers.

32. Lenin, and later Stalin,
ordered the CCP to join
the KMT and many leading
communists did so,
including Mao .
The goal was to strengthen and, at the same
time, infiltrate the KMT.

33. Kuomintang
Nationalist Revolution,
in 1925-27
Chinese Culture and Identity
Whampoa Military Academy
Chiang Kai-shek

34. Taiwan

35. Chiang won a series
of impressive
victories and unified
about half of the
country by 1927.
Chiang's triumph signalled the end of
cooperation between the KMT and the CCP.

36. Stalin did not want to
admit the defeat of his
China policy, so he
ordered the CCP to
continue cooperation
with the KMT

37. Mao redirected Chinese
communism from the workers
to the peasants who, after all,
made up the vast majority of
the population.

38. Mao changed the communist goal
in China from a workers'
revolution to a peasant
revolution, which he saw as the
first step toward a socialist
revolution.

40. Chinese Soviet Republic
1931-34 The Jiangxi Soviet
Disaster !
LONG MARCH 1934
was a military retreat
undertaken by the Red
Army of the Communist
Party of China

42. A Communist cadre leader addressing survivors.

43. by the end of the war in 1945,
Chinese communism under Mao's
leadership had both a significant
social-revolutionary content and
had become the embodiment of
Chinese nationalism.

44. Achievements:
(a) effective national unity
(b) real independence
CCP led the way to the third goal:
(C) social-economic reform, especially
the abolition of the feudal system in the
countryside.

45. The Civil War