This document provides pronunciation tips for the "-ed" endings in regular past tense verbs in English. It explains that there are three main pronunciations: /t/, /d/, and /id/. The /t/ pronunciation is used after voiceless sounds like p, t, k, f, s, ch, and sh. The /d/ pronunciation is used after voiced sounds like b, g, v, z, j, m, n, ng, l, r, and vowels. Verbs ending in d or t take the /id/ pronunciation. Examples are provided to illustrate the different rules. Mastering these pronunciation patterns can help ESL students with producing the past tense correctly in English.

1. PRONUNCIATIONfinal -ed of regular verbs in the simple past tenseBy teacher Paula B.

2. ESL StudentsOne of the most challenging parts of learning the Simple Past to ESL students. However, with a few simple pronunciation tips, learners can master pronunciation of the challenging "-ed" endings of Past Tense verbs and past participles.

3. Three Different Pronunciations for Words Ending with "-ed"/id//t//d/

4. IPA InternationalPhoneticAlphabetAfter unvoiced sounds such as p, k, f, s, t͡ʃ , and ʃ the final -ed is pronounced like t as in the word cat. Note that the -e remains silent.unvoiced sounds, the vocal chords are not vibrated, so there is no vibration in the throat.

5. Placesofarticulation

6. infinitive /t/p helpf stufff laugh s misss dices fixk lookhelpedstuffedlaughedmisseddicedfixedlooked

7. infinitive /t/ʃ fisht͡ʃ march fished marched

8. IPAvoiced sounds, the vocal chords are vibrated, which can be felt in the throat.After voiced sounds such as b, ð , g, v, z, ʒ,d͡ʒ m, n, ŋ, l, and r the final -ed sound is pronounced like d as in good. Note thatthe -e remainssilent.

9. infinitive /d/b grabg hugv savez oozeʒ massaged͡ʒ ragegrabbedhuggedsavedoozedmassaged raged

10. infinitive /d/m resumen signŋ bangl peelr honorð breatheresumed signed banged peeled honored breathed

11. Vowel soundsThe final -ed is also pronounced like the d in good after all vowel sounds. Note thatthe -e remainssilent.

12. infinitive /d/stayfreeliesueskisnowstayedfreedliedsuedskiedsnowed

13. For verbs ending in d and t the final -ed is pronounced Id as in the final two letters of the word did

14. Pronunciation puzzle Fill in the chart by placing the past tense verbs in the correct columns according to how they are pronounced.

15. KEYSLiked /t/Wanted /id/Lived /d/Finished /t/Stopped /t/

16. REFERENCESelearnenglishlanguage.com/esl/grammar/simplepast-pronunciation.htmlenglishclub.com/pronunciation/-ed.htmusingenglish.compearsonlongman.com. Acces Feb 2011.Google images 2011.ONO, Fabricio.