4. • automotive industry
• pharmaceutical industry
• mechanical engineering and construction
• space industry
• arm industry
• electronic industry
• aircraft industry
• ...
Project-oriented Industries
5. Most Common Projects
• construction projects
• conceptual projects / strategy formulation
projects
• IT projects
• re-organization projects
• R&D projects
• new product development projects
• feasability studies
• large events
• …
6. Line or Project Management?
Problem /
requirements
Complexity?
Project
Organization
Project
Organization
Functional
Organization
Functional
Organization
7. Complexity?
complicatedness
depends on
•number of elements
•number of interrelations
complexity
depends on
•variety of elements
•dynamic chances in
interrelations
Changeability/Dynamics
number / variety of system elements
simple system
relatively complex system complex system
difficult system
8. Project Definition
„A project is a temporary endeavour
undertaken to create a unique product,
service, or result.“
Project definition of the Project Management Institute
(PMI®
).
http://www.pmi.org/Pages/default.aspx
9. Project Management Definition
„Project management is the
application of knowledge, skills, tools
and techniques to project activities to
meet project requirements.“
Project management definition of the Project
Management Institute (PMI®
).
10. Managing a Project includes...
• identifying requirements,
• establishing clear and achievable objectives,
• balancing the competing demands for quality, scope, time and cost,
• adapting the specifications, plans, and approach too the different
concerns and expectations of the various stakeholders.
quality
scope
cost time
Balancing the tipple constraint:
11. Program Definition
Program XY
Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project nProject 4
„A program is a group of related projects managed in a
coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available
from managing them individually.“
ongoing
operations
12. Sample Generic Life Cycle
Costandstaffinglevel
Time
Initial Phase Intermediate Phase(s) Final Phase
„The project life cycle defines the phases that connect the
beginning of a project to its end.“
cost of changes
influence of stakeholders
13. Project Phases
• „The completion and approval of one or more deliverables
characterizes a project phase. A deliverable is a measurable,
verifiable work product such as a specification, feasibility
study report, detailed design document, or working prototype.“
17. Process Groups
• Initiating Process Group. Defines and authorizes the project ora
project phase.
• Planning Process Group. Defines and refines objectives, and
plans the course of action required to attain the objectives and
scope that the project was undertaken to address.
• Executing Process Group. Integrates people and other
resources to carry out the project management plan for the
project.
• Controlling Process Group. Regularly measures and monitors
progress to identify variances from the project management plan
so that corrective action can be taken when necessary to meet
project objectives.
• Closing Process Group. Formalizes acceptance of the product,
service or result and brings the project ora project phase to an
orderly end.
25. Project Classes (example)
complexitylow high
max. 2months min. 2 months min. 6 months min. 18 months
max. 3 departments min. 3 departments 2 - 5 departments 2 - 7 departments
budget < € 2500 budget € 2500 - € 5000 budget € 5000 - € 600.000 budget > € 600.000
personnel resources
< 50 working days
personnel resources
< 200 working days
personnel resources
< 400 working days
personnel resources
> 400 working days
or
and
and
benefit potential (p.a.)
> € 100.000
benefit potential (p.a.)
> € 250.000
and und
Activity / Job Small Project Project Program
or
and
and
or
and
and
or
and
and
26. Project Classes (example)
Criteria A Projects B Projects C Projects
strategic impact to to
complexity to to
risk to to
project team
members
> 10 5-10 < 5
involved
departments
3-10 1-5 1-2
budget > € 1.000.000
€ 100.000 –
€ 1.000.000
< € 100.000
duration > 9 months 3-9 months < 6 months