Progressive addition lenses (PALs) provide vision correction for multiple distances without visible lines between zones. PALs offer advantages over single vision lenses and bifocals but also have some disadvantages. Fitting PALs requires skill to address issues like peripheral aberration and adaptation problems. A proper fitting involves identifying patient needs, selecting an appropriate frame, measuring parameters like pupillary distance, and adjusting the frame for proper placement. Troubleshooting may be needed to address issues like blurry or small reading areas through refitting the lenses.
Presentation containing information about all types of absorptive lenses its manufacturing, uses, advantages and disadvantages and some information about lens coatings.
Presentation containing information about all types of absorptive lenses its manufacturing, uses, advantages and disadvantages and some information about lens coatings.
SOFT CONTACT LENS FITTING
1. Alternative names of soft contact lens.
2. Need to know fitting requirement and performance requirements.
3. Centration and decentration of soft contact lens. -- There are cartesian system and binasal system.
4. what governs fitting of lens.
5. There are need to know about physical properties of soft contact lens.
6. Now, what is sag and sagital depth.
7. Finally, SAME SAG AND SAME DIAMETER but DIFFERENT DESIGN AND DIFFERENT BEHAVIOUR.
8. Parameters of soft contact lens -
total diameter
back optic zone radius
centre thickness
front optic zone radius
water content
9. There are two types of prescribing methods -
empirical prescribing
trial fit prescribing
10. Effect of a blink with soft contact lens - too flat and too steep.
11. Requirements of lens movement.
12. Lens lag position - primary gaze, up gaze and lateral gaze position.
13. Compulsory of lower lid push up test.
14. Ranges of fitting of soft contact lens - either too fit or too loose or ideal fitting.
15. All step of soft contact lens fitting is done.
discussion about Aspheric lens, fitting, indication,advantage and Disadvantages with traditional aspheric lens,need of Asphericity,Aspheric Lens Design, identification, troubleshooting
How to protect your eye?
With sunglasses? Mirror glasses? Tinted or polarized glasses?
What is right tint colour for you?
What are antireflection coat glasses?
SOFT CONTACT LENS FITTING
1. Alternative names of soft contact lens.
2. Need to know fitting requirement and performance requirements.
3. Centration and decentration of soft contact lens. -- There are cartesian system and binasal system.
4. what governs fitting of lens.
5. There are need to know about physical properties of soft contact lens.
6. Now, what is sag and sagital depth.
7. Finally, SAME SAG AND SAME DIAMETER but DIFFERENT DESIGN AND DIFFERENT BEHAVIOUR.
8. Parameters of soft contact lens -
total diameter
back optic zone radius
centre thickness
front optic zone radius
water content
9. There are two types of prescribing methods -
empirical prescribing
trial fit prescribing
10. Effect of a blink with soft contact lens - too flat and too steep.
11. Requirements of lens movement.
12. Lens lag position - primary gaze, up gaze and lateral gaze position.
13. Compulsory of lower lid push up test.
14. Ranges of fitting of soft contact lens - either too fit or too loose or ideal fitting.
15. All step of soft contact lens fitting is done.
discussion about Aspheric lens, fitting, indication,advantage and Disadvantages with traditional aspheric lens,need of Asphericity,Aspheric Lens Design, identification, troubleshooting
How to protect your eye?
With sunglasses? Mirror glasses? Tinted or polarized glasses?
What is right tint colour for you?
What are antireflection coat glasses?
Detailed instumentaion and use of manual Lensometer and just a outline of automated lensometer.
I have used the picture of manual lensometer with out the parts describtion because i have explained orally by showing the picture..
Hope u all like it and may help you in learning better. :)
Product Launch - Fino
Being the brand manager of Fino I had prepared this ppt. to showcase the features of the product in the market. This was made simple for easy understanding since this product was new in the market. However, the useful features were highlighted to make it readily acceptable by the target customers. Now this product range is giving annual turnover of 30 Crore Rupees to the company and is considered one of the necessity products in the entire portfolio
Clinical photography /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
FABRICATION OF AURICULAR & ORBITAL PROSTHESIS/orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
2. Aim of any vision correction deviceAim of any vision correction device
is to provide good visionis to provide good vision
i.e. minimum change from naturali.e. minimum change from natural
visionvision
3. Options for a Presbyope..Options for a Presbyope..
Single vision lensesSingle vision lenses
BifocalsBifocals
Progressive Addition LensesProgressive Addition Lenses
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4. Single Vision Lenses…Single Vision Lenses…
Corrects only one distance at a timeCorrects only one distance at a time
InconvenientInconvenient
CumbersomeCumbersome
5. Bifocals…Bifocals…
Distinct junction between zones -Distinct junction between zones -
Cosmetically unappealingCosmetically unappealing
Intermediate blurIntermediate blur
Image jumpImage jump
6. PALs…PALs…
Uninterrupted vision for all distancesUninterrupted vision for all distances
No visible junctions - CosmeticallyNo visible junctions - Cosmetically
appealingappealing
ConvenientConvenient
No differentialNo differential
displacementdisplacement
7. If they are so good…If they are so good…
Why aren’t PALs prescribedWhy aren’t PALs prescribed
extensively ??extensively ??
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8. We all share a love - hateWe all share a love - hate
relationship with PALsrelationship with PALs
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9. We love the revenue generatedWe love the revenue generated
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10. But hate it when a patient comesBut hate it when a patient comes
back with some problemback with some problem
11. Peripheral aberrationPeripheral aberration
Some adaptation problemsSome adaptation problems
More critical fittingMore critical fitting
More expensiveMore expensive
Disadvantages..Disadvantages..
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12. Fitting PALs is an art..Fitting PALs is an art..
It requires adequate training & skillIt requires adequate training & skill
It involves communication & counsellingIt involves communication & counselling
skills and convincing powerskills and convincing power
13. And a science..And a science..
It requires :It requires :
A systematic approachA systematic approach
Understanding of potential problemsUnderstanding of potential problems
In-depth study of designsIn-depth study of designs
14. A Successful Marriage..A Successful Marriage..
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23. Step 1Step 1
Identification ofIdentification of
Patient’sPatient’s
Requirements &Requirements &
ExpectationsExpectations
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24. Useful tipUseful tip
Judge the motivationJudge the motivation
Highlight the advantages, but mentionHighlight the advantages, but mention
the limitations as wellthe limitations as well
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26. Useful tipUseful tip
Prefer metal frames with adjustablePrefer metal frames with adjustable
nose padsnose pads
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27. Step 3Step 3
Adjust before taking facialAdjust before taking facial
measurementsmeasurements
Adjust when delivering spectaclesAdjust when delivering spectacles
Frame Adjustment
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36. Useful tipUseful tip
Natural head postureNatural head posture
Sit at the same level as the patientSit at the same level as the patient
Check binocularly from a dist. of 1 metreCheck binocularly from a dist. of 1 metre
Use a fine markerUse a fine marker
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37. Step 8Step 8
Checking the cut outChecking the cut out
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42. Useful tipUseful tip
Use positive languageUse positive language
Remove the markings at the endRemove the markings at the end
Maintain a record of the order formsMaintain a record of the order forms
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45. Trouble shooting ...Trouble shooting ...
When & Why ?When & Why ?
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46. Factors in AdaptationFactors in Adaptation ......
MotivationMotivation
ExpectationsExpectations
Education & EncouragementEducation & Encouragement
Occupation & hobbiesOccupation & hobbies
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47. Sources of errorsSources of errors ......
HeightsHeights
Monocular PDsMonocular PDs
Swapped lensesSwapped lenses
Wrong power & axisWrong power & axis
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48. Complaints &Complaints &
Remedies...Remedies...
PROBLEMPROBLEM
Blurry Distance VisionBlurry Distance Vision
Possible CausesPossible Causes
Fitting too highFitting too high
Incorrect RxIncorrect Rx
RemediesRemedies
Open the noseOpen the nose
padspads
Remake lensesRemake lenses
49. Complaints &Complaints &
Remedies...Remedies...
PROBLEMPROBLEM
Blurry Near VisionBlurry Near Vision
Possible CausesPossible Causes
Fitting too lowFitting too low
InadequateInadequate
pantoscopic tiltpantoscopic tilt
Incorrect RxIncorrect Rx
RemediesRemedies
Bring in nose padsBring in nose pads
Frame adjustmentsFrame adjustments
Remake lensesRemake lenses
51. Complaints &Complaints &
Remedies...Remedies...
PROBLEMPROBLEM
Reading area tooReading area too
smallsmall
Possible CausesPossible Causes
Incorrect PDIncorrect PD
Fitting heights too lowFitting heights too low
RemediesRemedies
Frame adjustmentsFrame adjustments
Refit lensesRefit lenses
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52. Complaints &Complaints &
Remedies...Remedies...
PROBLEMPROBLEM
Having to look to theHaving to look to the
side to readside to read
Possible CausesPossible Causes
Incorrect PDIncorrect PD
Swapped lensesSwapped lenses
RemediesRemedies
Refit to correct PDsRefit to correct PDs
Swap lenses if frameSwap lenses if frame
symmetricalsymmetrical
53. Complaints &Complaints &
Remedies...Remedies...
PROBLEMPROBLEM
Having to tilt head tooHaving to tilt head too
far back to readfar back to read
Possible CausesPossible Causes
Incorrect PDIncorrect PD
Add too weakAdd too weak
Change in designChange in design
RemediesRemedies
Bring in nose padsBring in nose pads
Increase the addIncrease the add
Refit lensesRefit lenses
54. Complaints &Complaints &
Remedies...Remedies...
PROBLEMPROBLEM
Having to tilt headHaving to tilt head
backward for distancebackward for distance
Possible CausesPossible Causes
UndercorrectedUndercorrected
hyperopehyperope
Overcorrected myopeOvercorrected myope
RemediesRemedies
Repeat the refractionRepeat the refraction
Refit lensesRefit lenses
55. Complaints &Complaints &
Remedies...Remedies...
PROBLEMPROBLEM
Having to tilt headHaving to tilt head
forward to readforward to read
Possible CausesPossible Causes
Add too strongAdd too strong
RemediesRemedies
Repeat the refractionRepeat the refraction
Refit lensesRefit lenses
56. Complaints &Complaints &
Remedies...Remedies...
PROBLEMPROBLEM
Having to tilt headHaving to tilt head
forward for distanceforward for distance
Possible CausesPossible Causes
Fitting height too highFitting height too high
RemediesRemedies
Frame adjustmentFrame adjustment
Refit lensesRefit lenses
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